Chapter 1
Standardized Test Prep
Multiple Choice
1. What area of physics deals with the subjects
of heat and temperature?
A. mechanics
B. thermodynamics
C. electrodynamics
D. quantum mechanics
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Chapter 1
Standardized Test Prep
Multiple Choice
1. What area of physics deals with the subjects
of heat and temperature?
A. mechanics
B. thermodynamics
C. electrodynamics
D. quantum mechanics
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Chapter 1
Standardized Test Prep
Multiple Choice, continued
2. What area of physics deals with the behavior of
subatomic particles?
F. mechanics
G. thermodynamics
H. electrodynamics
J. quantum mechanics
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Chapter 1
Standardized Test Prep
Multiple Choice, continued
2. What area of physics deals with the behavior of
subatomic particles?
F. mechanics
G. thermodynamics
H. electrodynamics
J. quantum mechanics
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Chapter 1
Standardized Test Prep
Multiple Choice, continued
3. What term describes a set of particles or interacting
components considered to be a distinct physical
entity for the purpose of study?
A. system
B. model
C. hypothesis
D. controlled experiment
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Chapter 1
Standardized Test Prep
Multiple Choice, continued
3. What term describes a set of particles or interacting
components considered to be a distinct physical
entity for the purpose of study?
A. system
B. model
C. hypothesis
D. controlled experiment
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Chapter 1
Standardized Test Prep
Multiple Choice, continued
4. What is the SI base unit for length?
F. inch
G. foot
H. meter
J. kilometer
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Chapter 1
Standardized Test Prep
Multiple Choice, continued
4. What is the SI base unit for length?
F. inch
G. foot
H. meter
J. kilometer
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Chapter 1
Standardized Test Prep
Multiple Choice, continued
5. A light-year (ly) is a unit of distance defined as the
distance light travels in one year.Numerically, 1 ly =
9 500 000 000 000 km. How many meters are in a
light-year?
A. 9.5  1010 m
B. 9.5  1012 m
C. 9.5  1015 m
D. 9.5  1018 m
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Chapter 1
Standardized Test Prep
Multiple Choice, continued
5. A light-year (ly) is a unit of distance defined as the
distance light travels in one year.Numerically, 1 ly =
9 500 000 000 000 km. How many meters are in a
light-year?
A. 9.5  1010 m
B. 9.5  1012 m
C. 9.5  1015 m
D. 9.5  1018 m
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Chapter 1
Standardized Test Prep
Multiple Choice, continued
6. If you do not keep your line of sight directly over a
length measurement, how will your measurement
most likely be affected?
F. Your measurement will be less precise.
G. Your measurement will be less accurate.
H. Your measurement will have fewer significant
figures.
J. Your measurement will suffer from instrument
error.
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Chapter 1
Standardized Test Prep
Multiple Choice, continued
6. If you do not keep your line of sight directly over a
length measurement, how will your measurement
most likely be affected?
F. Your measurement will be less precise.
G. Your measurement will be less accurate.
H. Your measurement will have fewer significant
figures.
J. Your measurement will suffer from instrument
error.
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Chapter 1
Standardized Test Prep
Multiple Choice, continued
7. If you measured the length of a pencil by using the
meterstick shown in the figure and you report your
measurement in centimeters, how many significant
figures should your reported measurement have?
A. one
B. two
C. three
D. four
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Chapter 1
Standardized Test Prep
Multiple Choice, continued
7. If you measured the length of a pencil by using the
meterstick shown in the figure and you report your
measurement in centimeters, how many significant
figures should your reported measurement have?
A. one
B. two
C. three
D. four
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Chapter 1
Standardized Test Prep
Multiple Choice, continued
8. A room is measured to be 3.6 m by 5.8 m.What is
the area of the room? (Keep significant figures in
mind.)
F. 20.88 m2
G. 2  101 m2
H. 2.0  101 m2
J. 21 m2
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Chapter 1
Standardized Test Prep
Multiple Choice, continued
8. A room is measured to be 3.6 m by 5.8 m.What is
the area of the room? (Keep significant figures in
mind.)
F. 20.88 m2
G. 2  101 m2
H. 2.0  101 m2
J. 21 m2
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Chapter 1
Standardized Test Prep
Multiple Choice, continued
9. What technique can help you determine the power of
10 closest to the actual numerical value of a
quantity?
A. rounding
B. order-of-magnitude estimation
C. dimensional analysis
D. graphical analysis
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Chapter 1
Standardized Test Prep
Multiple Choice, continued
9. What technique can help you determine the power of
10 closest to the actual numerical value of a
quantity?
A. rounding
B. order-of-magnitude estimation
C. dimensional analysis
D. graphical analysis
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Chapter 1
Standardized Test Prep
Multiple Choice, continued
10. Which of the following statements is true of any
valid physical equation?
F. Both sides have the same dimensions.
G. Both sides have the same variables.
H. There are variables but no numbers.
J. There are numbers but no variables.
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Chapter 1
Standardized Test Prep
Multiple Choice, continued
10. Which of the following statements is true of any
valid physical equation?
F. Both sides have the same dimensions.
G. Both sides have the same variables.
H. There are variables but no numbers.
J. There are numbers but no variables.
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Chapter 1
Standardized Test Prep
Multiple Choice, continued
The graph shows the relationship between time and
distance for a ball dropped vertically from rest. Use
the graph to answer questions 11–12.
11. About how far has the
ball fallen after 0.20 s?
A. 5.00 cm
B. 10.00 cm
C. 20.00 cm
D. 30.00 cm
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Chapter 1
Standardized Test Prep
Multiple Choice, continued
The graph shows the relationship between time and
distance for a ball dropped vertically from rest. Use
the graph to answer questions 11–12.
11. About how far has the
ball fallen after 0.20 s?
A. 5.00 cm
B. 10.00 cm
C. 20.00 cm
D. 30.00 cm
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Chapter 1
Standardized Test Prep
Multiple Choice, continued
12. Which statement best describes the relationship
between the variables?
F. For equal time intervals, the
change in position is increasing.
G. For equal time intervals, the
change in position is decreasing.
H. For equal time intervals, the
change in position is constant.
J. There is no clear relationship
between time and change in
position.
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Chapter 1
Standardized Test Prep
Multiple Choice, continued
12. Which statement best describes the relationship
between the variables?
F. For equal time intervals, the
change in position is increasing.
G. For equal time intervals, the
change in position is decreasing.
H. For equal time intervals, the
change in position is constant.
J. There is no clear relationship
between time and change in
position.
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Chapter 1
Standardized Test Prep
Short Response
13. Determine the number of significant figures
in each of the following measurements.
A. 0.0057 kg
B. 5.70 g
C. 6070 m
D. 6.070  103 m
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Chapter 1
Standardized Test Prep
Short Response
13. Determine the number of significant figures
in each of the following measurements.
A. 0.0057 kg
B. 5.70 g
C. 6070 m
D. 6.070  103 m
Answers:
A. 2; B. 3; C. 3; D. 4
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Chapter 1
Standardized Test Prep
Short Response, continued
14. Calculate the following sum, and express the
answer in meters. Follow the rules for significant
figures.
(25.873 km) + (1024 m) + (3.0  102 cm)
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Chapter 1
Standardized Test Prep
Short Response, continued
14. Calculate the following sum, and express the
answer in meters. Follow the rules for significant
figures.
(25.873 km) + (1024 m) + (3.0  102 cm)
Answer: 26 897 m
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Chapter 1
Standardized Test Prep
Short Response, continued
15. Demonstrate how dimensional analysis can be used
to find the dimensions that result from dividing
distance by speed.
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Chapter 1
Standardized Test Prep
Short Response, continued
15. Demonstrate how dimensional analysis can be used
to find the dimensions that result from dividing
distance by speed.
distance distance  time
Answer: distance 

= time
time
distance
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Chapter 1
Standardized Test Prep
Extended Response
16. You have decided to test the effects of four different
garden fertilizers by applying them to four separate
rows of vegetables. What factors should you
control? How could you measure the results?
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Chapter 1
Standardized Test Prep
Extended Response
16. You have decided to test the effects of four different
garden fertilizers by applying them to four separate
rows of vegetables. What factors should you
control? How could you measure the results?
Sample answer: Because the type of fertilizer is the
variable being tested, all other factors should be
controlled, including the type of vegetable, the
amount of water, and the amount of sunshine. A fifth
row with no fertilizer could be used as the control
group. Results could be measured by size, quantity,
appearance, and taste.
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Chapter 1
Standardized Test Prep
Extended Response, continued
17. In a paragraph, describe how you could estimate
the number of blades of grass on a football field.
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Chapter 1
Standardized Test Prep
Extended Response, continued
17. In a paragraph, describe how you could estimate
the number of blades of grass on a football field.
Answer: Paragraphs should describe a process similar
to the following: First, you could count the number of
blades of grass in a small area, such as a 10 cm by
10 cm square. You would round this to the nearest
order of magnitude, then multiply by the number of
such squares along the length of the field, and then
multiply again by the approximate number of such
squares along the width of the field.
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Chapter 2
Standardized Test Prep
Multiple Choice
Use the graphs to answer questions 1–3.
1. Which graph
represents an
object moving
with a constant
positive velocity?
A. I
B. II
C. III
D. IV
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Chapter 2
Standardized Test Prep
Multiple Choice
Use the graphs to answer questions 1–3.
1. Which graph
represents an
object moving
with a constant
positive velocity?
A. I
B. II
C. III
D. IV
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Chapter 2
Standardized Test Prep
Multiple Choice, continued
Use the graphs to answer questions 1–3.
2. Which graph
represents an
object at rest?
F. I
G. II
H. III
J. IV
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Chapter 2
Standardized Test Prep
Multiple Choice, continued
Use the graphs to answer questions 1–3.
2. Which graph
represents an
object at rest?
F. I
G. II
H. III
J. IV
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Chapter 2
Standardized Test Prep
Multiple Choice, continued
Use the graphs to answer questions 1–3.
3. Which graph
represents an
object moving
with a constant
positive
acceleration?
A. I
B. II
C. III
D. IV
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Chapter 2
Standardized Test Prep
Multiple Choice, continued
Use the graphs to answer questions 1–3.
3. Which graph
represents an
object moving
with a constant
positive
acceleration?
A. I
B. II
C. III
D. IV
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Chapter 2
Standardized Test Prep
Multiple Choice, continued
4. A bus travels from El Paso, Texas, to
Chihuahua, Mexico, in 5.2 h with an average
velocity of 73 km/h to the south.What is the
bus’s displacement?
F. 73 km to the south
G. 370 km to the south
H. 380 km to the south
J. 14 km/h to the south
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Chapter 2
Standardized Test Prep
Multiple Choice, continued
4. A bus travels from El Paso, Texas, to
Chihuahua, Mexico, in 5.2 h with an average
velocity of 73 km/h to the south.What is the
bus’s displacement?
F. 73 km to the south
G. 370 km to the south
H. 380 km to the south
J. 14 km/h to the south
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Chapter 2
Standardized Test Prep
Multiple Choice, continued
Use the position-time graph of a squirrel
running along a clothesline to answer questions 5–6.
5. What is the squirrel’s
displacement at time
t = 3.0 s?
A. –6.0 m
B. –2.0 m
C. +0.8 m
D. +2.0 m
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Chapter 2
Standardized Test Prep
Multiple Choice, continued
Use the position-time graph of a squirrel
running along a clothesline to answer questions 5–6.
5. What is the squirrel’s
displacement at time
t = 3.0 s?
A. –6.0 m
B. –2.0 m
C. +0.8 m
D. +2.0 m
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Chapter 2
Standardized Test Prep
Multiple Choice, continued
Use the position-time graph of a squirrel
running along a clothesline to answer questions 5–6.
6. What is the squirrel’s
average velocity
during the time
interval between 0.0 s
and 3.0 s?
F. –2.0 m/s
G. –0.67 m/s
H. 0.0 m/s
J. +0.53 m/s
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Chapter 2
Standardized Test Prep
Multiple Choice, continued
Use the position-time graph of a squirrel
running along a clothesline to answer questions 5–6.
6. What is the squirrel’s
average velocity
during the time
interval between 0.0 s
and 3.0 s?
F. –2.0 m/s
G. –0.67 m/s
H. 0.0 m/s
J. +0.53 m/s
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Chapter 2
Standardized Test Prep
Multiple Choice, continued
7. Which of the following statements is true of
acceleration?
A. Acceleration always has the same sign as
displacement.
B. Acceleration always has the same sign as
velocity.
C. The sign of acceleration depends on both
the direction of motion and how the velocity
is changing.
D. Acceleration always has a positive sign.
•
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Chapter 2
Standardized Test Prep
Multiple Choice, continued
7. Which of the following statements is true of
acceleration?
A. Acceleration always has the same sign as
displacement.
B. Acceleration always has the same sign as
velocity.
C. The sign of acceleration depends on both
the direction of motion and how the velocity
is changing.
D. Acceleration always has a positive sign.
•
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Chapter 2
Standardized Test Prep
Multiple Choice, continued
8. A ball initially at rest rolls down a hill and has an
acceleration of 3.3 m/s2. If it accelerates for 7.5 s,
how far will it move during this time?
F. 12 m
G. 93 m
H. 120 m
J. 190 m
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Chapter 2
Standardized Test Prep
Multiple Choice, continued
8. A ball initially at rest rolls down a hill and has an
acceleration of 3.3 m/s2. If it accelerates for 7.5 s,
how far will it move during this time?
F. 12 m
G. 93 m
H. 120 m
J. 190 m
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Chapter 2
Standardized Test Prep
Multiple Choice, continued
9. Which of the following statements is true for a ball
thrown vertically upward?
A. The ball has a negative acceleration on the way
up and a positive acceleration on the way down.
B. The ball has a positive acceleration on the way
up and a negative acceleration on the way down.
C. The ball has zero acceleration on the way up and
a positive acceleration on the way down.
D. The ball has a constant acceleration throughout
its flight.
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Chapter 2
Standardized Test Prep
Multiple Choice, continued
9. Which of the following statements is true for a ball
thrown vertically upward?
A. The ball has a negative acceleration on the way
up and a positive acceleration on the way down.
B. The ball has a positive acceleration on the way
up and a negative acceleration on the way down.
C. The ball has zero acceleration on the way up and
a positive acceleration on the way down.
D. The ball has a constant acceleration throughout
its flight.
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Chapter 2
Standardized Test Prep
Short Response
10. In one or two sentences, explain the difference
between displacement and distance traveled.
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Chapter 2
Standardized Test Prep
Short Response
10. In one or two sentences, explain the difference
between displacement and distance traveled.
Answer:
Displacement measures only the net change in
position from starting point to end point. The
distance traveled is the total length of the path
followed from starting point to end point and may be
greater than or equal to the displacement.
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Chapter 2
Standardized Test Prep
Short Response, continued
11. The graph shows the position of a runner at
different times during a run. Use the graph to
determine the runner’s displacement and average
velocity:
a. for the time interval from
t = 0.0 min to t = 10.0 min
b. for the time interval from
t = 10.0 min to t = 20.0 min
c. for the time interval from
t = 20.0 min to t = 30.0 min
d. for the entire run
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Chapter 2
Standardized Test Prep
Short Response, continued
11. The graph shows the position of a runner at different times
during a run. Use the graph to determine the runner’s
displacement and average velocity. Answers will vary but
should be approximately as follows:
a. for t = 0.0 min to t = 10.0 min
Answer: +2400 m, +4.0 m/s
b. for t = 10.0 min to t = 20.0 min
Answer: +1500 m, +2.5 m/s
c. for t = 20.0 min to t = 30.0 min
Answer: +900 m, +2 m/s
d. for the entire run
Answer: +4800 m, +2.7 m/s
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Chapter 2
Standardized Test Prep
Short Response, continued
12. For an object moving with constant negative
acceleration, draw the following:
a. a graph of position vs. time
b. a graph of velocity vs. time
For both graphs, assume the object starts with a
positive velocity and a positive displacement from
the origin.
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Chapter 2
Standardized Test Prep
Short Response, continued
12. For an object moving with constant negative
acceleration, draw the following:
a. a graph of position vs. time
b. a graph of velocity vs. time
For both graphs, assume the object starts with a
positive velocity and a positive displacement from
the origin.
Answers:
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Chapter 2
Standardized Test Prep
Short Response, continued
13. A snowmobile travels in a straight line. The
snowmobile’s initial velocity is +3.0 m/s.
a. If the snowmobile accelerates at a rate of
+0.50 m/s2 for 7.0 s, what is its final velocity?
b. If the snowmobile accelerates at the rate of
–0.60 m/s2 from its initial velocity of +3.0 m/s,
how long will it take to reach a complete stop?
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Chapter 2
Standardized Test Prep
Short Response, continued
13. A snowmobile travels in a straight line. The
snowmobile’s initial velocity is +3.0 m/s.
a. If the snowmobile accelerates at a rate of
+0.50 m/s2 for 7.0 s, what is its final velocity?
b. If the snowmobile accelerates at the rate of
–0.60 m/s2 from its initial velocity of +3.0 m/s,
how long will it take to reach a complete stop?
Answers: a. +6.5 m/s
b. 5.0 s
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Chapter 2
Standardized Test Prep
Extended Response
14. A car moving eastward along a straight road
increases its speed uniformly from 16 m/s to 32 m/s
in 10.0 s.
a. What is the car’s average acceleration?
b. What is the car’s average velocity?
c. How far did the car move while accelerating?
Show all of your work for these calculations.
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Chapter 2
Standardized Test Prep
Extended Response
14. A car moving eastward along a straight road
increases its speed uniformly from 16 m/s to 32 m/s
in 10.0 s.
a. What is the car’s average acceleration?
b. What is the car’s average velocity?
c. How far did the car move while accelerating?
Answers: a. 1.6 m/s2 eastward
b. 24 m/s
c. 240 m
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Chapter 2
Standardized Test Prep
Extended Response, continued
15. A ball is thrown vertically upward with a speed of
25.0 m/s from a height of 2.0 m.
a. How long does it take the ball to reach its highest
point?
b. How long is the ball in the air?
Show all of your work for these calculations.
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Chapter 2
Standardized Test Prep
Extended Response, continued
15. A ball is thrown vertically upward with a speed of
25.0 m/s from a height of 2.0 m.
a. How long does it take the ball to reach its highest
point?
b. How long is the ball in the air?
Show all of your work for these calculations.
Answers: a. 2.55 s
b. 5.18 s
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