VALUASI EKONOMI
SUMBERDAYA LAHAN
Bahan kajian MK. STELA.smno, jtnh fpub Mei 2014
KUALITAS & KARAKTERISTIK LAHAN
"Karakterisik lahan" merupakan atribut lahan yang dapat diukur atau
diestimasi. Misalnya: kemiringan, curah hujan, tekstur tanah, kapasitas air
tersedia, biomasa vegetasi, dll.
"Kualitas lahan" adalah kompleks atribut lahan yang mempunyai peranan
spesifik dalam menentukan tingkat kesesuaian lahan untuk suatu penggunaan
tertentu. Misalnya: ketersediaan air, resistensi erosi, bahaya banjir, dan
aksesibilitas.
"Kriteria diagnostik" adalah suatu peubah yang mempunyai pengaruh
tertentu terhadap hasil (atau input yang diperlukan ) pada penggunaan
tertentu, dan peubah ini juga berfungsi sebagai dasar untuk menilai
kesesuaian suatu bidang lahan bagi penggunaan tertentu.
“Kriteria diagnostik” ini dapat berupa kualitas lahan, karakteristik lahan, atau
beberapa karakteristik lahan.
Diunduh dari sumber: http://pinterdw.blogspot.com/2012/01/kualiatas-dan-karakteristik-lahan.html…… 5/11/2012
KUALITAS LAHAN
Hubungan antara kualitas dan karakteristik lahan yang dipakai pada metode
evaluasi lahan (Djaenudin et al. 2003)..
Kualitas Lahan
Karakteristik Lahan
Temperatur (tc)
Temperatur rata -rata (oC)
Ketersediaan air (wa)
Curah hujan (mm), Kelembaban (%), Lamanya bulan kering (bln)
Ketersediaan oksigen (oa)
Drainase
Keadaan media perakaran (rc)
Tekstur, Bahan kasar (%), Kedalaman tanah (cm)
Gambut
Ketebalan (cm), Ketebalan (cm) jika ada sisipan bahan mineral/pengkayaan,
Kematangan
Retensi hara (nr)
KTK liat (cmol/kg), Kejenuhan basa (%), pH , C-organik (%)
Toksisitas (xc)
Salinitas (dS/m)
Sodisitas (xn)
Alkalinitas/ESP (%)
Bahaya sulfidik (xs)
Bahaya sulfidik (xs) Kedalaman sulfidik (cm)
Bahaya erosi (eh)
Lereng (%), Bahaya erosi
Bahaya banjir (fh)
Genangan
Penyiapan lahan (lp)
Batuan di permukaan (%), Singkapan batuan (%)
Diunduh dari sumber: http://pinterdw.blogspot.com/2012/01/kualiatas-dan-karakteristik-lahan.html…… 5/11/2012
LAND USE
Land comprises the physical environment, including climate, relief, soils, hydrology and
vegetation, to the extent that these influence potential for land use. It includes the results of
past and present human activity, e.g. reclamation from the sea, vegetation clearance, and also
adverse results, e.g. soil salinization. Purely economic and social characteristics, however, are
not included in the concept of land; these form part of the economic and social context.
(sumber: http://www.fao.org/docrep/X5310E/x5310e03.htm)
Land use is the human use of land.
Land use involves the management and modification of natural environment
or wilderness into built environment such as fields, pastures, and
settlements.
“LAND USE” has also been defined as "the arrangements, activities and inputs
people undertake in a certain land cover type to produce, change or maintain
it" (FAO, 1997; FAO/UNEP, 1999)..
Diunduh dari sumber: en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Land_use …… 5/11/2012
LAND UTILIZATION
A land utilization type consists of a set of technical specifications in a given physical, economic
and social setting. This may be the current environment or a future Betting modified by major
land improvement e, e.g. an irrigation and drainage scheme. Attributes of land utilization types
include data or assumptions on:
1. Produce, including goods (e.g. crops, livestock timber), cervices (e.g. recreational facilities)
or other benefits (e.g. wildlife conservation)
2. Market orientation, including whether towards subsistence or commercial production
3. Capital intensity
4. Labour intensity
5. Power sources (e.g. man's labour, draught animals machinery using fuels)
6. Technical knowledge and attitudes of land users
7. Technology employed (e.g. implements and machinery, fertilizers, livestock breeds, farm
transport, methods of timber felling)
8. Infrastructure requirements (e.g. sawmills, tat factories, agricultural advisory services)
9. Size and configuration of land holdings, including whether consolidated or fragmented
10. Land tenure, the legal or customary manner in which rights to land are held, by individuals
or groups
11. Income levels, expressed per capita, per unit of production (e.g. farm) or per unit area.
Diunduh dari sumber:
http://www.fao.org/docrep/X5310E/x5310e03.htm …… 5/11/2012
Neoclassical Production Theory
The neoclassical production function for a single output and two variable
inputs can be written:
y = f(x1,x2)
where y is the quantity of output and xi is the quantity of the ith variable
input.
The properties of this production function are specified by assumptions:
1. Xi ≥ 0 and finite (non-negative, real inputs);
2. f(X1,X2) is finite, nonnegative, real valued, and single valued for all
possible combinations of X1 and X2;
3. f(X1,X2) is everywhere continuous and everywhere twice continuously
differentiable;
4. f(X1,X2) is subject to the "law" of diminishing returns.
Diunduh dari sumber:
http://ageconsearch.umn.edu/bitstream/31977/1/rr980059.pdf …… 5/11/2012
INPUT / FAKTOR PRODUKSI
Of the three factors of
production in classical
economics, land, labor,
and capital, land may be
the most difficult to
define. Does it refer to just
the land itself? Or is land a
generic term referring to
all natural resources? Air,
sunshine, and water,
necessary to make land
productive, are all part of
the surrounding
ecosystems. While
ownership of land itself
can easily be demarcated,
ownership of mobile,
associated resources is
trickier.
Diunduh dari Sumber: http://www.csa.com/discoveryguides/envecon/review.php#v2.................... 2/10/2011 .
PROSES PRODUKSI TANAMAN
Many processes affect crop performance : the
conservative efficiency of the use of radiation,
water and nutrient on crop growth, those
contributing to the soil water balance and those
affecting soil fertility.
Crop growth has been modelled successfully as
a function of environmental factors using the
concept of these conservative efficiencies.
Crop production will be described for these
levels in terms of potential and water- or nutrient
limited production .
The most suitable cereal crop (depending on
the agro-ecological conditions wheat, rice,
maize, millet or sorghum) is taken as a proxy for
a wide range of crops that could be grown, with
yields expressed in 'grain equivalents'.
Levels of production and required data for its assessment. (Modified
from Rabbinge, 1993).
Rabbinge, R., 1993. The ecological background in food production . In:
Crop protection and sustainable agriculture. John Wiley and Sons,
Chichester (Ciba Foundation Symposium 177), pp. 2-29.
In practice actual production levels may differ
from these calculated levels due to deviant
agricultural management. Actual yield is a
function of biophysical as well as the socioeconomic conditions
Diunduh dari Sumber: http://www.ciesin.org/lw-kmn/yldgap/yldgap.html.................... 5/11/2012 .
INPUT-OUTPUT PROCESS RELATIONSHIPS
Stylized Production Functions or Input-Output Relationships for a
Single Variable Input
Figure illustrates some differently shaped
production functions for the case of a
single-variable input production process.
Each graph shows the physical inputoutput relationship or total physical
product curve as the level of the single
variable input is increased with all other
input factors held constant.
In graphs A and B, the law of diminishing
returns (sometimes called the law of
variable proportions) prevails - beyond
some point, as the level of the variable
input increases with no change in the
level of other input factors, increases in
output occur at a diminishing rate (the
marginal product is decreasing) and
eventually, beyond the point of maximum
output, output declines in absolute terms
(the marginal product becomes negative).
Diunduh dari Sumber: http://www.fao.org/docrep/w7365e/w7365e08.htm.................... 5/11/2012 .
Keterkaitan Faktor Produksi
Kaitan Faktor Manajemen Dengan Faktor
Produksi Lain
Ada empat faktor produksi
pertanian yaitu:
Alam (lahan, iklim, radiasi
matahari, air, udara, dll),
Tenaga kerja, Modal, dan
Pengelolaan (manajemen).
Faktor produksi alam dan
tenaga kerja sering disebut
sebagai faktor produksi
primer,
faktor produksi modal dan
pengolaan disebut faktor
produksi sekunder.
Diunduh dari Sumber: ocw.usu.ac.id/...PERTANIAN/sep_203_handout_faktor-faktor_prod....................... 5/11/2012 .