Watch in slide show mode to observe (modest) animation.
comments questions: [email protected]
papers, etc: www.culturalcognition.net
www.culturalcognition.net
The answer is cognitive dualism; but what’s the
question?
Dan M. Kahan
Yale University
& many x 103 others
Research Supported by:
National Science Foundation, SES-0922714
Annenberg Center for Public Policy
[0 “None at all” to 7 “Extremely high”]
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
-1.6
-1
0
1
1.6
[0 “None at all” to 7 “Extremely high”]
7
6
r = - 0.65, p < 0.01
5
4
3
2
1
0
-1.6
-1
0
1
1.6
There is “solid evidence” of recent global warming due
“mostly” to “human activity such as burning fossil
fuels.” [agree/disagree]
probability of answering agreeing
11
.9
.9
.8
.8
.7
.7
.6
.6
.5
.5
.4
.4
.3
.3
.2
.2
.1
.1
00
-1.8
-1.8
-1
-1
Very liberal
Strong Democrat
Liberal
Democrat
00
left_right
left_right
Moderate
Independent
11
Conservative
Republican
1.8
1.8
Very Conservative
Strong Republican
Left_right
Data source: CCP/Annenberg Public Policy Cntr, Jan. 5-19, 2016. N = 2389. Logistic re
“Left_right” scale comprises responses to 5-point liberal-conservative ideology and 7point party-identification measures. Bars denote 0.95 CIs. What? You don’t like my
spikes? Well piss off, then!
“ . . . human-caused global warming will result
in flooding of many coastal regions .” [True or
False]
probability of answering “true”
11
.9.9
.8.8
.7.7
.6.6
.5.5
.4.4
.3.3
.2.2
.1.1
00
-1.8
-1.8
Very liberal
Strong Democrat
-1
-1
Liberal
Democrat
00
left_right
Moderate
left_right
Independent
1
1
Conservative
Republican
1.8
1.8
Very Conservative
Strong Republican
Left_right
Data source: CCP/Annenberg Public Policy Cntr, Jan. 5-19, 2016. N = 1166. Logistic
regression. “Left_right” scale comprises responses to 5-point liberal-conservative
ideology and 7-point party-identification measures. Bars denote 0.95 CIs.
“. . . nuclear power generation contributes to
global warming.” [True or False]
probability of answering “true”
11
.9
.9
.8
.8
.7
.7
.6
.6
.5
.5
.4
.4
.3
.3
.2
.2
.1
.1
00
-1.8
-1.8
Very liberal
Strong Democrat
-1
-1
00
Liberal
Democrat
Moderate
left_right
Independent
1
Conservative
Republican
1.8
Very Conservative
Strong Republican
Left_right
Data source: CCP/Annenberg Public Policy Cntr, Jan. 5-19, 2016. N = 1166. Logistic
regression. “Left_right” scale comprises responses to 5-point liberal-conservative
ideology and 7-point party-identification measures. Bars denote 0.95 CIs.
“ . . . human-caused global warming will result
in flooding of many coastal regions .” [True or
False]
probability of answering “true”
11
.9.9
.8.8
.7.7
.6.6
.5.5
.4.4
.3.3
.2.2
.1.1
00
-1.8
-1.8
Very liberal
Strong Democrat
-1
-1
Liberal
Democrat
00
left_right
Moderate
left_right
Independent
1
1
Conservative
Republican
1.8
1.8
Very Conservative
Strong Republican
Left_right
Data source: CCP/Annenberg Public Policy Cntr, Jan. 5-19, 2016. N = 1166. Logistic
regression. “Left_right” scale comprises responses to 5-point liberal-conservative
ideology and 7-point party-identification measures. Bars denote 0.95 CIs.
“ . . . human-caused global warming will result
in flooding of many coastal regions .” [True or
False]
probability of correct response
11
.9.9
.8.8
.7.7
.6.6
.5.5
.4.4
.3.3
.2.2
.1.1
00
-1.8
-1.8
Very liberal
Strong Democrat
-1
-1
Liberal
Democrat
00
left_right
Moderate
left_right
Independent
1
1
Conservative
Republican
1.8
1.8
Very Conservative
Strong Republican
Left_right
Data source: CCP/Annenberg Public Policy Cntr, Jan. 5-19, 2016. N = 1166. Logistic
regression. “Left_right” scale comprises responses to 5-point liberal-conservative
ideology and 7-point party-identification measures. Bars denote 0.95 CIs.
“. . . nuclear power generation contributes to
global warming.” [True or False]
1
probability of correct response
1
.9
.9
.8
.8
.7
.7
.6
.6
.5
.4
.3
.2
.1
0
0
-1.8
-1.8
Very liberal
Strong Democrat
-1
-1
Liberal
Democrat
00
left_right
Moderate
Independent
11
Conservative
Republican
1.8
1.8
Very Conservative
Strong Republican
Left_right
Data source: CCP/Annenberg Public Policy Cntr, Jan. 5-19, 2016. N = 1166. Logistic
regression. “Left_right” scale comprises responses to 5-point liberal-conservative
ideology and 7-point party-identification measures. Bars denote 0.95 CIs.
Ideological symmetry
The “prefix effect” . . .
prefix: “According to climate scientists, . . .”
“According to climate scientists, human-caused global
warming will result in flooding of many coastal regions.”
[True or False]
“According to climate scientists, nuclear power generation
contributes to global warming.” [True or False]
no prefix: “ . . . ”
“Human-caused global warming will result in flooding of
many coastal regions.” [True or False]
“Nuclear power generation contributes to global warming.”
[True or False]
“ . . . human-caused global warming will result
in flooding of many coastal regions .” [True or
False]
probability of correct response
1
.9
.8
.7
.6
.5
.4
.3
.2
.1
without prefix
0
-1.8
-1
0
Very liberal
Strong Democrat
Liberal
Democrat
left_right
Moderate
Independent
1
Conservative
Republican
1.8
Very Conservative
Strong Republican
Left_right
Data source: CCP/Annenberg Public Policy Cntr, Jan. 5-19, 2016. N = 1166. Locally
weighted regression. “Left_right” scale comprises responses to 5-point liberalconservative ideology and 7-point party-identification measures.
“According to climate scientists, humancaused global warming will result in flooding
of many coastal regions .” [True or False]
probability of correct response
11
.9.9
.8.8
.7.7
with prefix
.6.6
.5.5
.4.4
.3.3
.2.2
.1.1
without prefix
00
-1.8
-1.8
-1
-1
Very liberal
Strong Democrat
Liberal
Democrat
00
left_right
Moderate
left_right
Independent
11
Conservative
Republican
1.8
1.8
Very Conservative
Strong Republican
Left_right
Data source: CCP/Annenberg Public Policy Cntr, Jan. 5-19, 2016. N = 1166. Locally
weighted regression. “Left_right” scale comprises responses to 5-point liberalconservative ideology and 7-point party-identification measures.
“. . . nuclear power generation contributes to
global warming.” [True or False]
probability of correct response
11
without prefix
.9.9
.8.8
.7.7
.6.6
.5.5
.4.4
.3.3
.2.2
.1.1
00
-1.8
-1.8
-1
-1
00
Very liberal
Strong Democrat
Liberal
Democrat
Moderate
left_right
Independent
11
Conservative
Republican
1.8
1.8
Very Conservative
Strong Republican
Left_right
Data source: CCP/Annenberg Public Policy Cntr, Jan. 5-19, 2016. N = 1166. Locally
weighted regression. “Left_right” scale comprises responses to 5-point liberalconservative ideology and 7-point party-identification measures.
““According to climate scientists, nuclear
power generation contributes to global
warming.” [True or False]
probability of correct response
11
without prefix
.9.9
.8.8
.7.7
with prefix
.6.6
.5.5
.4.4
.3.3
.2.2
.1.1
00
-1.8
-1.8
-1
-1
Very liberal
Strong Democrat
Liberal
Democrat
0
Moderate
left_right
Independent
1
Conservative
Republican
1.8
Very Conservative
Strong Republican
Left_right
Data source: CCP/Annenberg Public Policy Cntr, Jan. 5-19, 2016. N = 1166. Locally
weighted regression. “Left_right” scale comprises responses to 5-point liberalconservative ideology and 7-point party-identification measures.
“Ordinary Science Intelligence”
Assessment 2.0
“ . . . human-caused global warming will result in
flooding of many coastal regions .” [True or False]
probability of correct response
NUCLEAR_c
1
below avg left_right,
prefix
.9
.8
above avg left_right
prefix
.7
.6
.5
.4
.3
.2
.1
0
1st
16th
50th
84th
OSI
(percentile)
Ordinary Science Intelligence (percentile)
99th
probability of correct response
“. . . nuclear power generation contributes to global
NUCLEAR_c
warming.” [True or False]
1
.9
.8
.7
above avg left_right
no prefix
.6
.5
.4
.3
below avg left_right
no prefix
.2
.1
0
1st
16th
50th
84th
99th
Ordinary Science
Intelligence (percentile)
OSI (percentile)
Locally weighted regression. “Above avg” & “below avg” Left_Right” based on subjects’ scores in relation to mean on left_right scale.
probability of correct response
“ . . . human-caused global warming will result in
flooding of many coastal regions .” [True or False]
below avg left_right,
with prefix
above avg left_right
with prefix
Ordinary Science Intelligence (percentile)
probability of correct response
“. . . nuclear power generation contributes to global
NUCLEAR_c
warming.” [True or False]
1
.9
.8
.7
above avg left_right
no prefix
.6
.5
.4
.3
below avg left_right
no prefix
.2
.1
0
1st
16th
50th
84th
99th
Ordinary Science
Intelligence (percentile)
OSI (percentile)
Locally weighted regression. “Above avg” & “below avg” Left_Right” based on subjects’ scores in relation to mean on left_right scale.
probability of correct response
“ . . . human-caused global warming will result in
flooding of many coastal regions .” [True or False]
below avg left_right,
with prefix
above avg left_right
with prefix
Ordinary Science Intelligence (percentile)
probability of correct response
“. . . nuclear power generation contributes to global
NUCLEAR_c
warming.” [True or False]
1
above avg left_right
with prefix
.9
.8
.7
above avg left_right
no prefix
.6
below avg left_right,
with prefix
.5
.4
.3
below avg left_right
no prefix
.2
.1
0
1st
16th
50th
84th
99th
Ordinary Science
Intelligence (percentile)
OSI (percentile)
Locally weighted regression. “Above avg” & “below avg” Left_Right” based on subjects’ scores in relation to mean on left_right scale.
probability of correct response
“ . . . human-caused global warming will result in
flooding of many coastal regions .” [True or False]
below avg left_right
without prefix
below avg left_right,
with prefix
NUCLEAR_c
above avg left_right
with prefix
1
.9
.8
.7
above avg left_right
no prefix
.6
.5
.4
.3
Ordinary Science Intelligence (percentile)
.2
.1
probability of correct response
0
1
“. . . nuclear power generation contributes to global
NUCLEAR_c
warming.” [True or False]
1st
16th
.9
50th
OSI (percentile)
84th
99th
above avg left_right
with prefix
.8
.7
below avg left_right,
with prefix
.6
.5
.4
.3
.2
.1
0
1st
16th
50th
84th
99th
Ordinary Science
Intelligence (percentile)
OSI (percentile)
Locally weighted regression. “Above avg” & “below avg” Left_Right” based on subjects’ scores in relation to mean on left_right scale.
probability of correct response
“ . . . human-caused global warming will result in
flooding of many coastal regions .” [True or False]
below avg left_right
without prefix
below avg left_right,
with prefix
above avg left_right
with prefix
above avg left_right
without prefix
Ordinary Science Intelligence (percentile)
probability of correct response
“. . . nuclear power generation contributes to global
NUCLEAR_c
warming.” [True or False]
1
above avg left_right
with prefix
.9
.8
.7
below avg left_right,
with prefix
.6
.5
.4
.3
.2
.1
0
1st
16th
50th
84th
99th
Ordinary Science
Intelligence (percentile)
OSI (percentile)
Locally weighted regression. “Above avg” & “below avg” Left_Right” based on subjects’ scores in relation to mean on left_right scale.
probability of correct response
“ . . . human-caused global warming will result in
flooding of many coastal regions .” [True or False]
below avg left_right
without prefix
below avg left_right,
with prefix
above avg left_right
with prefix
above avg left_right
without prefix
Ordinary Science Intelligence (percentile)
probability of correct response
“. . . nuclear power generation contributes to global
warming.” [True or False]
above avg left_right
with prefix
above avg left_right
without prefix
below avg left_right,
with prefix
Ordinary Science Intelligence (percentile)
Locally weighted regression. “Above avg” & “below avg” Left_Right” based on subjects’ scores in relation to mean on left_right scale.
probability of correct response
“ . . . human-caused global warming will result in
flooding of many coastal regions .” [True or False]
below avg left_right
without prefix
below avg left_right,
with prefix
above avg left_right
with prefix
above avg left_right
without prefix
Ordinary Science Intelligence (percentile)
probability of correct response
“. . . nuclear power generation contributes to global
warming.” [True or False]
above avg left_right
with prefix
above avg left_right
without prefix
below avg left_right,
with prefix
below avg left_right
without prefix
Ordinary Science Intelligence (percentile)
Locally weighted regression. “Above avg” & “below avg” Left_Right” based on subjects’ scores in relation to mean on left_right scale.
Ideological symmetry
So what’s the question? . . .
Q1. What does “belief in” human-caused climate change
measure?
A1. Not what one knows, but who one is.
Q2. Is it possible to disentangle what people know from their
identities?
A2. Yup. With an appropriately formed climatescience literacy test.
Q3. What mechanism of cognition is the study modeling?
A3. Cognitive dualism.
So what’s the question? . . .
Q1. What does “belief in” human-caused climate change
measure?
A1. Not what one knows, but who one is.
Q2. Is it possible to disentangle what people know from their
identities?
A2. Yup. With an appropriately formed climatescience literacy test.
Q3. What mechanism of cognition is the study modeling?
A3. Cognitive dualism.
So what’s the question? . . .
Q1. What does “belief in” human-caused climate change
measure?
A1. Not what one knows, but who one is.
Q2. Is it possible to disentangle what people know from their
identities?
A2. Yup. With an appropriately formed climatescience literacy test.
Q3. What mechanism of cognition is the study modeling?
A3. Cognitive dualism.
So what’s the question? . . .
Q1. What does “belief in” human-caused climate change
measure?
A1. Not what one knows, but who one is.
Q2. Is it possible to disentangle what people know from their
identities?
A2. Yup. With an appropriately formed climatescience literacy test.
Q3. What mechanism of cognition is the study modeling?
A3. Cognitive dualism.
[0 “None at all” to 7 “Extremely high”]
7
6
r = - 0.65, p < 0.01
5
4
3
2
1
0
-1.6
-1
0
1
1.6
There is “solid evidence” of recent global warming due
“mostly” to “human activity such as burning fossil
fuels.” [agree/disagree]
probability of answering agreeing
11
.9
.9
.8
.8
.7
.7
.6
.6
.5
.5
.4
.4
.3
.3
.2
.2
.1
.1
00
-1.8
-1.8
-1
-1
Very liberal
Strong Democrat
Liberal
Democrat
00
left_right
left_right
Moderate
Independent
11
Conservative
Republican
1.8
1.8
Very Conservative
Strong Republican
Left_right
Data source: CCP/Annenberg Public Policy Cntr, Jan. 5-19, 2016. N = 2389. Logistic re
“Left_right” scale comprises responses to 5-point liberal-conservative ideology and 7point party-identification measures. Bars denote 0.95 CIs. What? You don’t like my
spikes? Well piss off, then!
Ideological symmetry climate-science ignorance
“Belief” in climate change: who you are, not what you know
Variable
Factor1
die_c
BUCKS_c
SWEEP_c
DISEASE1_c
DISEASE2_c
brst_c
BATBALL_c
WIDGET_c
lillypad_c
PEWGAS1_c
RADIOACTIV~c
LASERS_c
ELECTRONS_c
PEWGAS2_c
ANTIBIOTIC~c
probabil~a_c
probabil~b_c
COPERNIC~2_c
C_FLOODING
C_NUCLEAR
AGW
GWRISK
libcon
dem_repub
0.5713
0.5487
0.6779
0.4550
0.3876
0.4572
0.5672
0.4932
0.7155
0.4493
0.3614
0.4879
0.4027
0.5253
0.4729
0.3208
0.3347
0.5355
Factor2
Factor3
Factor4
0.3393
0.3241
-0.4013
-0.4468
0.3325
0.4071
0.3186
-0.3541
-0.3297
0.4085
-0.5165
-0.4290
-0.7864
-0.8405
0.7610
0.7735
represent
(blanksloadings
< 0.3 abs(loading)<.3)
suppressed
0.3105
= 0.88
probability of correct response
“ . . . human-caused global warming will result in
flooding of many coastal regions .” [True or False]
below avg left_right
without prefix
below avg left_right,
with prefix
above avg left_right
with prefix
above avg left_right
without prefix
Ordinary Science Intelligence (percentile)
probability of correct response
“. . . nuclear power generation contributes to global
warming.” [True or False]
above avg left_right
with prefix
above avg left_right
without prefix
below avg left_right,
with prefix
below avg left_right
without prefix
Ordinary Science Intelligence (percentile)
Locally weighted regression. “Above avg” & “below avg” Left_Right” based on subjects’ scores in relation to mean on left_right scale.
“Belief” in climate change: who you are, not what you know
OSI_1.0
science comprehension (OSI_1.0) # correct
“Belief” in climate change: who you are, not what you know
OSI_2.0
1
.9
Liberal
Democrat
.8
.7
.6
.5
.4
Conservative
Republican
.3
.2
.1
0
-2.5
-1
Colored bars denote 0.95 CIs.
0
1
2.5
So what’s the question? . . .
Q1. What does “belief in” human-caused climate change
measure?
A1. Not what one knows, but who one is.
Q2. Is it possible to disentangle what people know from their
identities?
A2. Yup. With an appropriately formed climatescience literacy test.
Q3. What mechanism of cognition is the study modeling?
A3. Cognitive dualism.
So what’s the question? . . .
Q1. What does “belief in” human-caused climate change
measure?
A1. Not what one knows, but who one is.
Q2. Is it possible to disentangle what people know from their
identities?
A2. Yup. With an appropriately formed climatescience literacy test.
Q3. What mechanism of cognition is the study modeling?
A3. Cognitive dualism.
So what’s the question? . . .
Q1. What does “belief in” human-caused climate change
measure?
A1. Not what one knows, but who one is.
Q2. Is it possible to disentangle what people know from their
identities?
A2. Yup.
Q3. What mechanism of cognition is the study modeling?
A3. Cognitive dualism.
So what’s the question? . . .
Q1. What does “belief in” human-caused climate change
measure?
A1. Not what one knows, but who one is.
Q2. Is it possible to disentangle what people know from their
identities?
A2. Yup. With an appropriately formed climatescience literacy test.
Q3. What mechanism of cognition is the study modeling?
A3. Cognitive dualism.
Unconfounding knowledge & identity: Evolution
Unconfounding knowledge & identity: Evolution
Unconfounding knowledge & identity: Evolution
Unconfounding knowledge & identity: Climate change
bars denote 0.95 CIs
Unconfounding knowledge & identity: Climate change
bars denote 0.95 CIs
Unconfounding knowledge & identity: Climate change
bars denote 0.95 CIs
OCSI scores & “beliefs” on climate change
Beliefs on global temperature “increase in recent decades”
100%
9
8
6
No. correct
No. correct
75% 7
50% 5
25%
4
3
2
1
0% 0
Human caused
Naturally caused
No warming
CIs denote 0.95 level confidence for estimated population means.
N = 1,885.
Annenberg Public Policy Center & Cultural Cognition Project. Nationally
representative sample, June 2014 (YouGov). CIs are 0.95 confidence intervals for
estimated general population means.
OCSI scores in relation to OSI scores
Ordinary Climate Science
Intelligence (percentile)
99th
liberal Democrat
50th
conservative
Republican
1st
1st
50th
99th
Ordinary Science Intelligence (percentile)
N = 597. OLS regression. “Liberal Democrat” and “Conservative Republican”
reflect corresponding predictor values on a composite political orientation
scale comprising responses to 5-point liberal-conservative ideology and 7point party-identification measures. Colored bars denote 0.95 CIs.
“ . . . human-caused global warming will result in
flooding of many coastal regions .” [True or False]
probability of correct response
11
.9
.9
below avg left_right,
with prefix
.8
.8
above avg left_right
with prefix
.7
.7
.6
.6
.5
.5
.4
.4
.3
.3
.2
.2
.1
.1
00
1st
1st
16th
16th
50th
50th
86th
86th
99th
99th
Ordinary Science Intelligence (percentile)
probability of correct response
“. . . nuclear power generation contributes to global
warming.” [True or False]
1
above avg left_right
with prefix
.9
.8
.7
.6
.6
below avg left_right,
with prefix
.5
.5
.4
.4
.3
.3
.2
.2
.1
.1
0
0
1st
1st
16th
16th
50th
50th
86th
86th
99th
99th
Ordinary Science Intelligence (percentile)
Locally weighted regression. “Above avg” & “below avg” Left_Right” based on subjects’ scores in relation to mean on left_right scale.
0
.1
.2
.3
.4
.5
.6
.7
.8
.9
1
“Climate scientists believe that nuclear
power generation contributes to global
warming” [True or false]
-2
bars denote 0.95 CIs
-1
0
1
2
0
.1
.2
.3
.4
.5
.6
.7
.8
.9
1
“Climate scientists believe that nuclear
power generation contributes to global
warming” [True or false]
-2
bars denote 0.95 CIs
-1
0
1
2
So what’s the question? . . .
Q1. What does “belief in” human-caused climate change
measure?
A1. Not what one knows, but who one is.
Q2. Is it possible to disentangle what people know from their
identities?
A2. Yup. With an appropriately formed climatescience literacy test.
Q3. What real-world mechanism of cognition is the study
modeling?
A3. Cognitive dualism.
So what’s the question? . . .
Q1. What does “belief in” human-caused climate change
measure?
A1. Not what one knows, but who one is.
Q2. Is it possible to disentangle what people know from their
identities?
A2. Yup. With an appropriately formed climatescience literacy test.
Q3. What real-world mechanism of cognition is the study
modeling?
A3. Cognitive dualism.
So what’s the question? . . .
Q1. What does “belief in” human-caused climate change
measure?
A1. Not what one knows, but who one is.
Q2. Is it possible to disentangle what people know from their
identities?
A2. Yup. With an appropriately formed climatescience literacy test.
Q3. What real-world mechanism of cognition is the study
modeling?
A3. Contested authority of science.
probability of correct response
“ . . . human-caused global warming will result in
flooding of many coastal regions .” [True or False]
below avg left_right
without prefix
below avg left_right,
with prefix
above avg left_right
with prefix
above avg left_right
without prefix
Ordinary Science Intelligence (percentile)
probability of correct response
“. . . nuclear power generation contributes to global
warming.” [True or False]
above avg left_right
with prefix
above avg left_right
without prefix
below avg left_right,
with prefix
below avg left_right
without prefix
Ordinary Science Intelligence (percentile)
Locally weighted regression. “Above avg” & “below avg” Left_Right” based on subjects’ scores in relation to mean on left_right scale.
So what’s the question? . . .
Q1. What does “belief in” human-caused climate change
measure?
A1. Not what one knows, but who one is.
Q2. Is it possible to disentangle what people know from their
identities?
A2. Yup. With an appropriately formed climatescience literacy test.
Q3. What real-world mechanism of cognition is the study
modeling?
A3. Contested authority of science.
So what’s the question? . . .
Q1. What does “belief in” human-caused climate change
measure?
A1. Not what one knows, but who one is.
Q2. Is it possible to disentangle what people know from their
identities?
A2. Yup. With an appropriately formed climatescience literacy test.
Q3. What real-world mechanism of cognition is the study
modeling?
A3. Contested authority of science.
A3. Cognitive dualism
Cognitive dualism: evolution “belief”
Cognitive dualism: climate-change “belief”
So what’s the question? . . .
Q1. What does “belief in” human-caused climate change
measure?
A1. Not what one knows, but who one is.
Q2. Is it possible to disentangle what people know from their
identities?
A2. Yup. With an appropriately formed climatescience literacy test.
Q3. What real-world mechanism of cognition is the study
modeling?
A3. Contested authority of science.
A3. Cognitive dualism
A4.1 The first—who are you; whose side are you on . . .
A4.2 Except in SE Florida
“ . . . human-caused global warming will result in
flooding of many coastal regions .” [True or False]
probability of correct response
1
below avg left_right
without prefix
.9
.8
.7
.6
.5
.4
.3
above avg left_right
without prefix
.2
.1
0
1st
16th
50th
86th
99th
Ordinary Science Intelligence (percentile)
probability of correct response
“. . . nuclear power generation contributes to global
warming.” [True or False]
1
.9
.8
.7
above avg left_right
without prefix
.6
.5
.4
.3
.2
below avg left_right
without prefix
.1
0
1st
16th
16th
50th
50th
86th
86th
99th
99th
Ordinary Science Intelligence (percentile)
Locally weighted regression. “Above avg” & “below avg” Left_Right” based on subjects’ scores in relation to mean on left_right scale.
“ . . . human-caused global warming will result in
flooding of many coastal regions .” [True or False]
probability of correct response
11
.9
.9
below avg left_right,
with prefix
.8
.8
above avg left_right
with prefix
.7
.7
.6
.6
.5
.5
.4
.4
.3
.3
.2
.2
.1
.1
00
1st
1st
16th
16th
50th
50th
86th
86th
99th
99th
Ordinary Science Intelligence (percentile)
probability of correct response
“. . . nuclear power generation contributes to global
warming.” [True or False]
1
above avg left_right
with prefix
.9
.8
.7
.6
.6
below avg left_right,
with prefix
.5
.5
.4
.4
.3
.3
.2
.2
.1
.1
0
0
1st
1st
16th
16th
50th
50th
86th
86th
99th
99th
Ordinary Science Intelligence (percentile)
Locally weighted regression. “Above avg” & “below avg” Left_Right” based on subjects’ scores in relation to mean on left_right scale.
So what’s the question? . . .
Q1. What does “belief in” human-caused climate change
measure?
A1. Not what one knows, but who one is.
Q2. Is it possible to disentangle what people know from their
identities?
A2. Yup. With an appropriately formed climatescience literacy test.
Q3. What real-world mechanism of cognition is the study
modeling?
A3. Contested authority of science.
A3. Cognitive dualism
A4.1 The first—who are you; whose side are you on . . .
A4.2 Except in SE Florida
So what’s the question? . . .
Q1. What does “belief in” human-caused climate change
measure?
A1. Not what one knows, but who one is.
Q2. Is it possible to disentangle what people know from their
identities?
A2. Yup. With an appropriately formed climatescience literacy test.
Q3. What real-world mechanism of cognition is the study
modeling?
A3. Contested authority of science.
A3. Cognitive dualism
Q4. Which “belief” in human-caused climate change does
democratic politics measure?
A4.1 The first—who are you; whose side are you on . . .
A4.2 Except in SE Florida
So what’s the question? . . .
Q1. What does “belief in” human-caused climate change
measure?
A1. Not what one knows, but who one is.
Q2. Is it possible to disentangle what people know from their
identities?
A2. Yup. With an appropriately formed climatescience literacy test.
Q3. What real-world mechanism of cognition is the study
modeling?
A3. Contested authority of science.
A3. Cognitive dualism
Q4. Which “belief” in human-caused climate change does
democratic politics measure?
A4.1. The first—who are you; whose side are you on . . .
A4.2. Except in SE Florida
So what’s the question? . . .
Q1. What does “belief in” human-caused climate change
measure?
A1. Not what one knows, but who one is.
Q2. Is it possible to disentangle what people know from their
identities?
A2. Yup. With an appropriately formed climatescience literacy test.
Q3. What real-world mechanism of cognition is the study
modeling?
A3. Contested authority of science.
A3. Cognitive dualism
Q4. Which “belief” in human-caused climate change does
democratic politics measure?
A4.1 The first—who are you; whose side are you on . . .
A4.2 Except in SE Florida
So what’s the question? . . .
Q1. What does “belief in” human-caused climate change
measure?
A1. Not what one knows, but who one is.
Q2. Is it possible to disentangle what people know from their
identities?
A2. Yup. With an appropriately formed climatescience literacy test.
Q3. What real-world mechanism of cognition is the study
modeling?
A3. Contested authority of science.
A3. Cognitive dualism
Q4. Which “belief” in human-caused climate change does
democratic politics measure?
A4.1 The first—who are you; whose side are you on . . .
A4.2 Except in SE Florida
I.
Southeast Florida’s climate political science . . .
Soute
Evidence-based Policy Science Communication Initiative
www. culturalcognition.net
“I am you!”