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ANALYSIS OF GRIP STRENGTH
Brandon Kelley, Dr. Lu Yuan
Department of Computer Science and Industrial Technology, Southeastern Louisiana University
BACKGROUND
PROCEDURE
DISCUSSION
Evaluation of grip strength has been used as a diagnostic
tool to detect the onset of repetitive strain injuries of hand
and lower arm in an occupational setting. Comparison of
individual grip strength to the normative data helps
determine the individual’s fitness for a particular task,
identify the onset of injuries, or examine the progress of the
rehabilitation from a hand or arm injury.
A total of 20 subjects, predominantly the college students in the Department of
Computer Science and Industrial Technology at Southeastern Louisiana University,
participated in the study. The study was approved by the Institutional Review Board
at Southeastern Louisiana University.
The sample size is very small so the comparison between the
subjects’ grip strength data and the normative data provided by
the manufacturer has limited statistical power.
PURPOSE
The objective of this project was to measure grip strength
of a sample of college students using a JAMAR® Hand
Dynamometer and compare the results to the normative
data provided by the manufacturer of the hand
dynamometer to investigate the factors that may affect grip
strength.
JAMAR® HAND DYNAMOMETER
http://www.wisdomking.com/product/jamar-hand-dynamometer
The measurement process was first described to the subjects. They then signed the
informed consent form and their ages were recorded next to the subject number. The
subjects sat in a chair with their shoulder adducted and neutrally rotated, elbow
flexed at 90°, forearm in neutral position, and wrist between 0° and 30° dorsiflexion
and between 0° and 15° ulnar deviation. The subjects squeezed the hand
dynamometer as hard as they could. This exercise was performed on the left and
right hands and the results were recorded next to the subject number and age.
RESULTS
Age
20-24
n
10
25-29
2
30-34
2
35-39
2
All
16
Age
20-24
n
1
35-39
1
50-54
2
All
4
There is a high degree of variation among individual’s
measurement which is why obtaining individual baseline
measurement may be an optimal choice in a proactive effort to
eliminate or mitigate hand or arm injuries.
It appears that among the 20-24 age group of male subjects, a
few subjects are left-handed as their left hands’ grip strength
data are greater than the right hands’.
CONCLUSIONS
Hand
R
L
R
L
R
L
R
L
R
L
MALE
Mean in lbs (SD)
105.9 (21.1)
109.6 (25.1)
122.0 (17.0)
116.5 (16.3)
106.0 (43.8)
105.0 (52.3)
144.0 (5.7)
134.0 (19.8)
112.7 (25.0)
112.9 (26.9)
Hand
R
L
R
L
R
L
R
L
FEMALE
Mean in lbs (SD)
100
85
59
59
62.5 (3.5)
57.5 (3.5)
71.0 (19.5)
64.8 (13.7)
Normative Mean in lbs (SD)
121.0 (20.6)
104.5 (21.8)
120.8 (23.0)
110.5 (16.2)
121.8 (22.4)
110.4 (21.7)
119.7 (24.0)
112.9 (21.7)
104.3 (28.3)
93.1 (27.6)
Normative Mean in lbs (SD)
70.4 (14.5)
61.0 (13.1)
74.1 (10.8)
66.3 (11.7)
65.8 (11.6)
57.3 (10.7)
62.8 (17.0)
53.9 (15.7)
The grip strength data collected in this study were within the
tolerances of normative data on grip strength that were provided
by the manufacturer, even though the sample size of the study
was relatively small.
Incorporating the monitoring and evaluation of grip strength data
into a company’s safety and ergonomics plan is a cost-effective
way of preventing the work-related hand and arm repetitive
strain injuries as well as minimizing the loss of work-time and
expense of medical treatment that are caused by those injuries.
BIBLIOGRAPHY
1. Beck J, Ferrucci L, Sun K, Walston J, Fried LP, Varadhan R, Guralnik JM, Semba RD.
(2007). Low serum selenium concentrations are associated with poor grip strength
among older women living in the community. BioFactors, 29(1), 37-44.
2. BLS USDL-12-2204. http://www.bls.gov/news.release/archives/osh2_11082012.pdf
(last accessed on April 15, 2013)
3. Gale CR, Martyn CN, Cooper C, Sayer AA. (2007). Grip strength, body composition,
and mortality. International Journal of Epidemiology, 36(1), 228-235.
4. Lafayette Jamar Hand Dynamometer Users Manual.
5. Mathiowetz V, Kashman N, Volland G, Weber K, Dowe M, Rogers S. (1985). Grip
and pinch strength: normative data for adults. Archives of Physical Medicine and
Rehabilitation, 66(2), 69-74.
6. Miranda J, Lundberg I, McConnell R, Delgado E, Cuadra R, Torres E, Wesseling C,
Keifer M. (2002). Onset of grip- and pinch-strength impairment after acute poisonings
with organophosphate insecticides. International Journal of Occupational and
Environmental Health, 8(1), 19-26.