Summary Words
Lesson 2
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2
General
Statement
Definition
Summary
word &
Elaboration
Following the developing of this world, a key
word is becoming much more important
now, that is "Globalization".
What's globalization?
For me, globalization means connections of
this world are more close and whatever in
economy or culture, it's opening now.
As a result of
these changes, in recent years, China's fastdeveloping impressed the world and some
people announced now China played a very
important role in this world.
General Statements & Definitions:
Review & Practice
• Do you feel that technology has had a beneficial
or a harmful effect on communication between
friends and family?
• General Statement:
• In the 21st century, we are surrounded by
technology; it plays a role in almost every aspect
of our daily lives.
Definitions: Communication
• Conversations between two or more people
• People exchanging information with each other in a
variety of ways.
• Getting news and information
• Spending quality time with friends
• People talk about different topics with each other
• Maintaining realtionships
• Exchanging information with other people in order
to maintain relationships and get news on different
topics.
Definitions: Technology
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
“something that improves our quality of life”
Computers
Facebook
Internet
Smart phones
Ipod
Instant messenging
Combination
• In the 21st century, we are surrounded by technology; it
plays a role in almost every aspect of our daily lives.
• Exchanging information with other people in order to
maintain relationships and get news on different topics.
• “something that improves our quality of life”
• Computers
• Facebook
• Internet
• Smart phones
• Ipod
• Instant messenging
Combination
• In the 21st century, we are surrounded by
technology, such as email, instant messenger,
social networking sites, and smartphones. It
plays a role in almost every aspect of our daily
lives, especially the ways we communicate, or
exchange information with other people in order
to maintain relationships and get news on
different topics.
Summary Words
• Example: In recent years, the number of
students applying to Ph.D. programs has
increased steadily, while the number of places
available has remained constant. This situation
has resulted in intense competition for
admission.
• What does this situation refer to? What is the
effect of using this instead of that?
Summary Words
• The phrase contains a summary noun that
refers back to the idea in the previous sentence.
• It is possible to use this with no summary noun,
but if there is a possibility that the reader will
not understand what this is referring to, the best
strategy is to combine this with a noun so the
meaning is clear.
Student Writing:
Nighthawks by Edward Hopper
Using “It”
• So I think the Nighthawks have a different
meaning for American people, and it has
become popular.
• So, Americans from different groups have own
cultures and traditions; therefore, it is not easy
for these groups to understand each other,
Using “It”
• They should calm down and think what have
done today and whether it is right or wrong. It
is good for their career and helps them to get a
high position in your company because you
always correct your mistake quickly by usually
think alone. I think it is also relate to the
culture in America. But it is quite different from
China. Chinese people likes to talk to each other
and stay with each other.
Using “It”
• People want the pictures to have cheerful scenes
such as; friendship, family portrait. It gives us
hope and makes us happy.
Using “This”
• For American people, this picture show exactly
what they think and reflect the lonely style which
is the American style properly. So I believe this
is why the picture is very famous in United
States.
Using “This”
• Hopper wanted to show the fear and loneliness of
the American after that attack and he applied it is
his painting. This desire is why he showed that the
three customers are not talking and lost is their
thoughts.
• He used a very creative way in painting and play a
lot with light and reflection. These techniques
made many American films producers to use his
imagination and apply it in American’s cinemas.
This inspiration had been used in films that describe
the stories of urban crimes.
Using “This + Summary Noun”
• Yet their fictional stories and movies are based
on this concept.
• This factor caused that American people do
not know many events that have been happening
in the world .
• There were no relations between them and the
real American people. The impact of this
diversity was greater among whites, but was
visible as well among others or non whites.
Using “This + Summary Noun”
• His most popular oil painting was Nighthawks,
which is painted after the attack on Pearl
Harbor. This event results in feeling of
gloominess across the country.
This + Summary Word
This
Concept
Factor
Event
Diversity
Worksheet 1
• 1. According to a recent survey, 26% of all
American adults, down from 38% 30 years ago,
now smoke. This _____ can be partly attributed
to the growing evidence linking smoking and
fatal diseases, such as cancer.
•
a. decline
•
b. reduction
•
c. improvement
•
d. decrease
•
e. drop
Worksheet 1
• 2. Early in September each year, the population of East
Lansing increases by about 30,000 as students arrive for
the new academic year. This _____ changes the
atmosphere of the town in a number of ways.
•
•
•
•
a. increase
b. invasion
c. rise
d. jump
Worksheet 1
• 3. Nowadays, laptop computers are lighter, more
powerful, and easier to use than they were five
years ago. These_____ have led to an increase
in the sales of these machines.
•
a. changes
•
b. developments
•
c. advances
•
d. improvements
General Statements & Definitions:
Review & Practice
• Do you agree or disagree with the following
statement? Technology has destroyed
communication among friends and family.
• General Statement:
Combination
• In the 21st century, we are surrounded by
technology, such as email, instant messenger,
social networking sites, and smartphones.
These Internet-based technologies play a
role in almost every aspect of our daily lives,
especially the ways we communicate, or
exchange information with other people in order
to maintain relationships and get news on
different topics.
Summary Words Continued
Worksheet 2
Summary
Word
Process
Situation
Finding
Estimation
Problem
Difficulty
Disruption
View
Worksheet 3
Irrigation in Africa
Decline in Motor Vehicle Deaths
Researchers’ conclusion
New construction  More traffic
Life expectancy 47  68  77
Guess the word
• I didn't feel right picking up the phone and
talking to Freddy while Angelo was in my room,
so instead of answering I switched off the ringer.
I could see from the alert light it rang long as it
could before switching to voice mail. It started
right back up in a matter of seconds. This
_______ went on a long time, ringing and
ringing and switching to voice mail and ringing
again.
Guess the word
• It appears as if the quarterback is simply
following orders, as if he knows where he is
going to throw the ball before the play begins.
But this ________of the game is deeply
misleading. After the ball is snapped, the
ordered plan that fills the playbook degenerates
into a street fight.
Guess the word
• Facebook also offers a " Notes " section, which
has turned into another way of making yourself
known to others at a deeper level. Not long ago
someone wrote a note called " 25 Things You
May Not Know About Me. " The person who
came up with this _____ and wrote the note
then invited 25 friends to read the note then
write their own " 25 Things " list and share it
with their friends
Technology essay