Measures of Effectiveness
and
End-State Criteria
Center of Excellence in
Disaster Management and
Humanitarian Assistance
Measures of Effectiveness
&
End-State Criteria
Objectives:
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Examine the development of MOEs
for humanitarian emergencies
Identify some potential MOEs
Define interrelationship between
MOEs, and end-states
MOEs & Endstate
Primary Use:

Evaluate whether mission is
succeeding or failing
Secondary Uses:
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Establishes planning partnerships
Brings together organizations that
need to support each other
Establish a common approach
Minimizes confusion & risk
Provides end-point or trend analysis
MUST ANSWER

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What is to be done?
Who is responsible?
When will it be done?
Where will it be done?
Why will it be done?
How much will it cost?
How will we know success?
Measures of Effectiveness
Step 1
Identify mission-specific tasks and events
from:
- prior missions
- lessons learned
- exercise scenario
Step 2: Categories
Categories must be broad and inclusive
SPECIFIC EVENTS
INFRASTRUCTURE
MEDICAL / PUBLIC HEALTH
AGRICULTURE / ECONOMIC
SECURITY / LEVELS OF VIOLENCE
Categories

Infrastructure
 Main supply route blocked
 Airfield improvements needed

Security
 Rioting
 Attack on government vehicles

Medical
 Measles outbreak in a refugee camp
 Contamination of water supply
Measures of Effectiveness
Step 3: Criteria
What’s Measurable?
INFRASTRUCTURE
AIRFIELD
CAPACITY
1
WATER
SOURCES
2
REFUGEE
CAMP A
3
REFUGEE
CAMP B
SUPPLY
ROUTES
REFUGEE
CAMP C
MAIN
SUPPLY
ROUTES
Measures

Economic and Agricultural
 Market price of food / animals
 Household Survey
 Food available in home
 Purchasing power

Public Health and Medical
 Crude Mortality Rate (CMR)
 Under-five mortality rates (U5 MR)
 Malnutrition measurements
Some Suggested MOE
Examples

% Target population resettled (refugees)

% of aid reaching delivery sites

Response time (delivery of relief to target site)

# of weapons collected, withdrawn (security)

Reduction of violent incidents (security)

No of police trained and operating (justice)

% Decrease in crude mortality (medical)
Some Suggested MOE
Examples

% Decrease in case fatality rates (medical)

Rate of return to pre-disaster acceptable
conditions - infrastructure

Efficiency and effectiveness of government :
 sound budget?
 needs assessment?
Measures of Effectiveness
Step 4:

Identify which participants will measure what
category events
Examples:
Category
Measured by
Infrastructure
Military, NGOs
Public health/medicine NGOs, UN, CDC
Security
Military, NGOs, UN
Step 5: Communication
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Identify venue for and means of
communicating MOEs
Must include place/frequency (daily, wkly,
mthly)
Examples:
- Civil Military Operations Center (CMOC)
- Humanitarian Operations Center (HOC)
- Humanitarian Assistance Coordination
Center(HACC)
- Other
Step 6: Variance Analysis
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Based on any deviation from the
predicted or expected time-line
Based on assumption that majority of
disasters and their management are
predictable time-line events
Based on worst possible scenario
End-states/Exit Strategies
Exit Strategy
Definition:
“. . . the planned transition to the host
nation(s) of all functions performed on
its (their) behalf by peace operations
forces”
Benson and Thrash: Parameters. 1996
Developing Exit Strategies

Develop coordinated civil-military exit
strategies

Transition (military end-state)
dependent on “level of comfort/safety”
of civilian agencies

Identify and seek requirements &
confirmation to validate end-state
MOE/END STATE
CONSIDERATIONS

Initial lack of relief agency participation

Pre-select MOEs if possible and structure
by phase of operation

Transition to military end state dependent
on safety of civilian agencies
Lessons Learned
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
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Interagency planning can make or break an
operation
Failure to integrate civil dimensions:
- Undermines unity of effort on the ground
- Pressures military to do more
- Lengthens duration of commitment
Success requires early involvement
- Accelerates contributions of civilian
agencies
Measures of Effectiveness