Updated 5/22/2017
In her school lab, Jane heated an air filled balloon to see what would
happen. At 20°C the balloon's volume was 10L. At 40°C the balloon's
volume was 20L. At 60°C the balloon's volume was 30L. What can Jane
infer from the results of her experiment?
A) increasing temperature decreases air volume
B) increasing temperature increases air volume
C) temperature and volume are not related
D) temperature changes the mass of air
In her school lab, Jane heated an air filled balloon to see what would
happen. At 20°C the balloon's volume was 10L. At 40°C the balloon's
volume was 20L. At 60°C the balloon's volume was 30L. What can
Jane infer from the results of her experiment?
A) increasing temperature decreases air volume
**B) increasing temperature increases air volume
C) temperature and volume are not related
D) temperature changes the mass of air

Correct Answer: B
Rutherford radically changed the idea of what an atom looks like through
his 'gold foil experiment.' His observations led him to change the model of
the atom to include a positive nucleus and a region of negative electrons
outside of that. Shortly after this, Bohr discovered that the electrons did not
seem to just 'hang out' in empty space, but they seemed to be in orbits
around the nucleus. What is the most likely outcome of this controversy?
A) Throw out Rutherford's theory and go with Bohr's theory.
B) Disregard Bohr's theory because Rutherford's theory was first, and
therefore probably more correct.
C) Take what seems correct about Rutherford's theory and add what seems
correct about Bohr's theory to come up with an even better theory.
D) If neither one of them seem to agree, then a totally new theory needs to be
developed.
Rutherford radically changed the idea of what an atom looks like through
his 'gold foil experiment.' His observations led him to change the model of
the atom to include a positive nucleus and a region of negative electrons
outside of that. Shortly after this, Bohr discovered that the electrons did not
seem to just 'hang out' in empty space, but they seemed to be in orbits
around the nucleus. What is the most likely outcome of this controversy?
A) Throw out Rutherford's theory and go with Bohr's theory.
B) Disregard Bohr's theory because Rutherford's theory was first, and
therefore probably more correct.
**C) Take what seems correct about Rutherford's theory and add what seems
correct about Bohr's theory to come up with an even better theory.
D) If neither one of them seem to agree, then a totally new theory needs to be
developed.

Correct Answer: C
Many scientists over time have contributed to what we know about the
atom. Based on all these investigations and their conclusions about the
structure of the atom, what is the most correct statement about the theory of
the atom?
A) It is not very reliable since all previous theories had errors in them.
B) It will probably change again as the previous models contained errors.
C) In relative terms, little is known about the atom and will likely stay that
way.
D) The theory of the atom is well documented, has been thoroughly tested,
and represents our best explanation on what the atom looks like, but it could
change in the future.
Many scientists over time have contributed to what we know about the
atom. Based on all these investigations and their conclusions about the
structure of the atom, what is the most correct statement about the theory of
the atom?
A) It is not very reliable since all previous theories had errors in them.
B) It will probably change again as the previous models contained errors.
C) In relative terms, little is known about the atom and will likely stay that
way.
**D) The theory of the atom is well documented, has been thoroughly tested,
and represents our best explanation on what the atom looks like, but it could
change in the future.

Correct Answer: D
The law of gravity describes a relationship between two masses. The more
massive an object is or the closer it is to another body, the more the
gravitational attraction between the two objects. However, the law is limited
because it cannot explain which of the following?
A) what gives the larger object more mass
B) why does the smaller object also attract the larger object
C) why there is a gravitational attraction in the first place
D) why we experience gravity on earth and not in space
The law of gravity describes a relationship between two masses. The more
massive an object is or the closer it is to another body, the more the
gravitational attraction between the two objects. However, the law is limited
because it cannot explain which of the following?
A) what gives the larger object more mass
B) why does the smaller object also attract the larger object
**C) why there is a gravitational attraction in the first place
D) why we experience gravity on earth and not in space

Correct Answer: C
Students are performing an experiment to see if
changing the dropping height of a ping pong
ball affects how high it bounces (rebound
height).
What is their test variable?
What is their outcome variable?
List ONE constant.
Students are performing an experiment to see if
changing the dropping height of a ping pong
ball affects how high it bounces (rebound
height).
What is their test variable? *Dropping Height
What is their outcome variable? *Rebound Height
List ONE constant. *Same ball, same experimenter,
same dropping force, same floor surface, same
location
How the dropping height of a ping pong ball affects its
rebound height.
Dropping
Height
(cm)
Rebound Height (cm)
Trial 1
Trial 2
Trial 3
Average
30 cm
22 cm
21 cm
20 cm
21 cm
60 cm
40 cm
43 cm
41 cm
41.3 cm
90 cm
65 cm
67 cm
66 cm
66 cm
If a ball was dropped from 75 cm, around where
would you find it’s rebound height?
A) 31 cm
C) 71 cm
B) 51 cm
D) 61 cm
How the dropping height of a ping pong ball affects its
rebound height.
Dropping
Height
(cm)
Rebound Height (cm)
Trial 1
Trial 2
Trial 3
Average
30 cm
22 cm
21 cm
20 cm
21 cm
60 cm
40 cm
43 cm
41 cm
41.3 cm
90 cm
65 cm
67 cm
66 cm
66 cm
If a ball was dropped from 75 cm, around where
would you find it’s rebound height?
A) 31 cm
C) 71 cm
B) 51 cm*
D) 61 cm
Charles Darwin proposed the theory of evolution in his 1859
book, On the Origin of Species. Why has the theory of evolution
changed since that time?
A.
B.
C.
D.
The theory of evolution was later merged with the atomic
theory.
The theory of evolution has been revised as new biological
and genetic discoveries have been made.
New evidence has proved that the main concept of Darwin's
theory is incorrect.
The theory of evolution has been amended primarily by
particle physicists.
Charles Darwin proposed the theory of evolution in his 1859
book, On the Origin of Species. Why has the theory of evolution
changed since that time?
A.
B.
C.
D.
The theory of evolution was later merged with the atomic
theory.
The theory of evolution has been revised as new biological
and genetic discoveries have been made.
New evidence has proved that the main concept of Darwin's
theory is incorrect.
The theory of evolution has been amended primarily by
particle physicists.
Mendeleev is best known for his work with the periodic table of chemical
elements. He used the table to predict the existence of an undiscovered
element with characteristics similar to silicon. Years later, the predicted
element was discovered by another group of scientists in Germany. The
new element had almost all of the properties predicted by Mendeleev.
Which of the following best describes what is demonstrated by the fact
that the predicted element was found at a later time by other
researchers?
A.
B.
C.
D.
Scientists must be able to repeat new experiments to
verify the results.
Scientific discoveries often come from several different
contributors.
New scientific theories can rarely be proven at the time
they are conceived.
Scientific advancements can have unintended negative
consequences.
Mendeleev is best known for his work with the periodic table of chemical
elements. He used the table to predict the existence of an undiscovered
element with characteristics similar to silicon. Years later, the predicted
element was discovered by another group of scientists in Germany. The
new element had almost all of the properties predicted by Mendeleev.
Which of the following best describes what is demonstrated by the fact
that the predicted element was found at a later time by other
researchers?
A.
B.
C.
D.
Scientists must be able to repeat new experiments to
verify the results.
*Scientific discoveries often come from several different
contributors.
New scientific theories can rarely be proven at the time
they are conceived.
Scientific advancements can have unintended negative
consequences.
The diagram shows the three states of matter.
What state of matter is shown in container 3?
A.
B.
C.
D.
air
gas
liquid
solid
The diagram shows the three states of matter.
What state of matter is shown in container 3?
A.
*B.
C.
D.
air
We don’t know it is air, and air is not a state
of matter
gas
Farthest apart!!!
liquid Figure 2
solid Figure 1
An atom of the element gallium (Ga) has 31
protons and 39 neutrons. What is the atomic
number of gallium?
A.
B.
C.
D.
8
31
39
70
An atom of the element gallium (Ga) has 31
protons and 39 neutrons. What is the atomic
number of gallium?
A.
*B.
C.
D.
8
31
39
70
The entry for one element in the periodic table is
shown below.
How many neutrons would be found in ONE
atom of this element?
A.
B.
C.
D.
20
40.078
-20
.078
The entry for one element in the periodic table is
shown below.
How many neutrons would be found in ONE
atom of this element?
*A.
B.
C.
D.
20
40.078
-20
.078
Although atoms cannot be seen, their mass can be
measured. Which subatomic particles are
primarily responsible for giving an atom its
mass?
A) protons and neutrons
B) neutrons only
C) protons only
D) electrons and neutrons
Although atoms cannot be seen, their mass can be
measured. Which subatomic particles are
primarily responsible for giving an atom its
mass?
**A) protons and neutrons
B) neutrons only
C) protons only
D) electrons and neutrons
SC.8.P.8.1 Explore the scientific theory of atoms (also known as atomic theory) by using models to explain
the motion of particles in solids, liquids, and gases.
The diagram shows the three states of matter.
Which diagram shows the state of matter in which particles take on
the shape, but not volume, of their container?
A.
B.
C.
D.
1
2
3
Both 1 and 3
The diagram shows the three states of matter.
Which diagram shows the state of matter in which particles
take on the shape, but not volume, of their container?
*A.
B.
C.
D.
1 A liquid cannot take the volume….it is fixed.
2
3 --A GAS could take on both shape and volume as it expands.
Both 1 and 3
SC.8.P.8.1 Explore the scientific theory of atoms (also known as atomic theory) by using models to explain the motion of particles
in solids, liquids, and gases.
The graph below shows how the temperature of water changes as energy is
added to it.
What kind of change is occurring between point C and point D?
A) water changes phases from a solid to a gas.
B) water is completely evaporated.
C) Water is changing from a solid to a liquid.
D) Water is boiling and changing from a liquid to a gas.
SC.8.P.8.1 Explore the scientific theory of atoms (also known as atomic theory) by using models to explain the motion of particles
in solids, liquids, and gases.
The graph below shows how the temperature of water changes as energy is
added to it.
What kind of change is occurring between point C and point D?
A) water is changes phases from a solid to a gas.
B) water is completely evaporated.
C) Water is changing from a solid to a liquid.
**D) Water is boiling and changing from a liquid to a gas.
Emma constructed a simple motor.
When connected correctly,
the coil of copper wire spins.
Which of the following best describes the energy transformation
that takes place between the paper clips and the spinning coil?
A. Chemical energy transforms into electrical energy.
B. Mechanical energy transforms into electrical energy.
C. Electrical energy transforms into mechanical energy.
D. Mechanical energy transforms into chemical energy.
Emma constructed a simple motor.
When connected correctly,
the coil of copper wire spins.
Which of the following best describes the energy transformation
that takes place between the paper clips and the spinning coil?
A. Chemical energy transforms into electrical energy.
B. Mechanical energy transforms into electrical energy.
*C. Electrical energy transforms into mechanical energy.
D. Mechanical energy transforms into chemical energy.
What happens to the kinetic energy and potential energy of a ball
during a fall?
A) potential energy and kinetic energy both decrease
B) potential energy and kinetic energy both increase
C) potential energy decreases, and kinetic energy increases
D) potential energy increases, and kinetic energy decreases
What happens to the kinetic energy and potential energy of a ball
during a fall?
A) potential energy and kinetic energy both decrease
B) potential energy and kinetic energy both increase
**C) potential energy decreases, and kinetic energy increases
D) potential energy increases, and kinetic energy decreases
Which pair of objects has the same
speed, but different velocities?
Which pair of objects has the same speed, but different velocities?
C
Arrows are the SAME SIZE (Same Speed) and pointing
DIFFERENT DIRECTIONS (Different Velocity).
SC.6.P.12.1 Measure and graph distance versus time for an object moving at a constant speed. Interpret this relationship.
A professional triathlete competes in an Orlando bike race. She takes two hours
to travel the entire course. Her speed varies from 0 kilometers per hour
(km/hr) while stopped for a tire change to 30 kilometers per hour while riding
downhill. The illustration shows her trip distances for each section of the race.
1. What is the total distance the rider travels during the 2-hour
bike race?
2. Suppose that the rider traveled at a constant speed. Along
which two sections of the race would the rider have
the same velocity?
SC.6.P.12.1 Measure and graph distance versus time for an object moving at a constant speed. Interpret this relationship.
A professional triathlete competes in an Orlando bike race. She takes two hours
to travel the entire course. Her speed varies from 0 kilometers per hour
(km/hr) while stopped for a tire change to 30 kilometers per hour while riding
downhill. The illustration shows her trip distances for each section of the race.
1. What is the total distance the rider travels during the 2-hour
bike race? 12 Km
2. Suppose that the rider traveled at a constant speed. Along
which two sections of the race would the rider have
the same velocity? Sections 3 and 4
1.
2.
3.
Which indicates a constant speed?
Which car accelerated (and speed always
increased)?
Which shows slow speed then a drastic
positive acceleration and then negative
acceleration?
1. Which indicates a constant speed? B
2. Which car accelerated (and speed always increased)? C
3. Which shows slow speed then a drastic positive
acceleration and then negative acceleration? A
A molecule is involved in a chemical reaction,
causing the arrangement of its atoms to change.
What is the result of this process?
A.
B.
C.
D.
New atoms are formed.
The mixture is separated into its component
parts.
A different molecule with different properties
is formed.
Bonds are neither formed nor broken, so mass
is conserved.
A molecule is involved in a chemical reaction,
causing the arrangement of its atoms to change.
What is the result of this process?
A.
B.
*C.
D.
New atoms are formed.
The mixture is separated into its component
parts.
A different molecule with different
properties is formed.
Bonds are neither formed nor broken, so
mass is conserved.
Some properties are the same in a substance no matter
the amount of the substance. Which of the following
characteristics does not change based on the amount of
the substance?
A.
B.
C.
D.
mass
volume
boiling point
weight
Some properties are the same in a substance no matter
the amount of the substance. Which of the following
characteristics does not change based on the amount of
the substance?
A.
B.
*C.
D.
mass
volume
boiling point (known as a characteristic property)
weight
It is important to understand the differences between
chemical and physical changes. Chemical changes result in
new substances, but physical changes do not. Which process
is an example of a physical change?
A.
B.
C.
D.
Water turns to steam when boiled over a stove.
Carbon combines with oxygen to form carbon dioxide
gas.
Water breaks down into hydrogen and oxygen gases over
time.
Limestone breaks down into lime and carbon dioxide
when heated.
It is important to understand the differences between
chemical and physical changes. Chemical changes result in
new substances, but physical changes do not. Which
process is an example of a physical change?
*A. Water turns to steam when boiled over a stove. ----ALL changes in state are physical b/c they can easily
convert back into the original substance!
B. Carbon combines with oxygen to form carbon
dioxide gas.
C. Water breaks down into hydrogen and oxygen gases
over time.
D. Limestone breaks down into lime and carbon dioxide
when heated.
Which types of changes observe the law of
conservation of mass?
A.
B.
C.
D.
only changes of state
only physical changes
only chemical changes
physical changes and chemical changes
Which types of changes observe the law of
conservation of mass?
A.
B.
C.
*D.
only changes of state
only physical changes
only chemical changes
physical changes and chemical changes
The diagram below shows a type of change in matter at the
particle level. Study it closely.
Based on what you know about changes in matter, which
type of change does the diagram show?
A.
B.
C.
D.
a change in mass
a physical change
a chemical change
a change in reaction
The diagram below shows a type of change in matter at
the particle level. Study it closely.
Based on what you know about changes in matter,
which type of change does the diagram show?
A.
*B.
C.
D.
a change in mass
a physical change (Change in state from gas to
solid)
a chemical change
a change in reaction
Belinda makes a sugar solution, as shown below.
___g Sugar
46 g Water
59 g Sugar Solution
How much sugar did Belinda dissolve in the water?
 On your boards, explain how you knew…
A.
9g
B.
13 g
C.
11 g
D.
17 g
Belinda makes a sugar solution, as shown below.
___g Sugar
46 g Water
59 g Sugar Solution
How much sugar did Belinda dissolve in the water?
A.
9g
*B. 13 g Law of conservation of mass/matter
Matter cannot be created nor destroyed, so 46 g + ___g = 59g
C.
D.
11 g
17 g
Which process is an example of a chemical
change?
A. a yellow liquid combining with a blue liquid
and it turns dark purple.
B. bath water cooling while you take a bath
C. a piece of metal being heated until it expands
D. a glass window breaking when hit with a
baseball
Which process is an example of a chemical
change?
* A) a yellow liquid combining with a blue liquid
and it turns dark purple.
B) bath water cooling while you take a bath
C) a piece of metal being heated until it expands
D) a glass window breaking when hit with a
baseball
An object is placed on the digital scale and spring scale
below and the following readings are observed.
Which instrument is measuring the object’s mass and
which is measuring the object’s weight? Why are the
numbers different?
An object is placed on the digital scale and spring scale
below and the following readings are observed.
Which instrument is measuring the object’s mass
(Balance-9.5 g) and which is measuring the object’s
weight(Spring scale-93.1 N)? Why are the numbers
different? Weight includes the acceleration of
gravity. F= Mass x Acceleration, N= Newton---The
unit for weight.
Luis rubbed a balloon on his hair and held the
balloon next to the wall. He observed the balloon
stick to the wall. Which of the following is
responsible for the balloon sticking to the wall?
A. friction
B. gravity
C. electric force
D. magnetic force
Luis rubbed a balloon on his hair and held the
balloon next to the wall. He observed the balloon
stick to the wall. Which of the following is
responsible for the balloon sticking to the wall?
A. friction
B. gravity
*C. electric force
D. magnetic force
Explain the difference between Mass and Weight.
Explain the difference between Mass and Weight.
Mass is simply the amount of matter in an
object (measured in grams or
Kilograms). Weight is the amount of
gravity (force) being placed on that
mass. It is measured in Newtons if
mentioned as a force.
Given an electromagnetic spectrum: Which is true of
infrared waves?
A) they give off more energy than gamma rays
B) they have higher frequencies than visible light waves
C) they have longer wavelengths than ultraviolet waves
D) they have shorter wavelengths than gamma waves
Given an electromagnetic spectrum: Which is true of
infrared waves?
A) they give off more energy than gamma rays
B) they have higher frequencies than visible light waves
**C) they have longer wavelengths than ultraviolet
waves
D) they have shorter wavelengths than gamma waves
Sunlight is composed of energy that is visible to
humans and energy that is not visible to humans.
Which statement describes how the visible energy
from the Sun is different from the nonvisible energy?
A. It travels at a different speed.
B. It travels a different distance.
C. It has different wavelengths.
D. It has different amplitudes.
Sunlight is composed of energy that is visible to
humans and energy that is not visible to humans.
Which statement describes how the visible energy
from the Sun is different from the nonvisible energy?
A. It travels at a different speed. The speed of light is
the same….always.
B. It travels a different distance.
*C. It has different wavelengths. Visible light is moving
at a frequency JUST RIGHT for us to see .
D. It has different amplitudes.
Mrs. Aldaco added a copper (Cu) cube that is at room temperature and an
aluminum (Al) cube that she just removed from the freezer to a beaker of
boiling water (Before). (After) She left the cubes in the water for three
hours.
Which of the following describes a heat flow that took place during those
three hours?
A) from the aluminum cube to the beaker
B) from the copper cube to the boiling water
C) from the aluminum cube to the copper cube
D) from the boiling water to the aluminum cube
Mrs. Aldaco added a copper (Cu) cube that is at room temperature and an
aluminum (Al) cube that she just removed from the freezer to a beaker of
boiling water (Before). (After) She left the cubes in the water for three
hours.
Which of the following describes a heat flow that took place during those
three hours?
A) from the aluminum cube to the beaker
B) from the copper cube to the boiling water
C) from the aluminum cube to the copper cube
*D) from the boiling water to the aluminum cube
Label the examples of heat flow above as either radiation, conduction, or
convection. Explain your choices.
Label the examples of heat flow above as either radiation, conduction, or
convection. Explain your choices.
A= Convection---- Cool air surrounds the hands and warm air is mixing with
the cool and circulating---Convection= Transfer of Heat through gases and
liquids.
B=Conduction---The fire stick is heated by the fire and transfers the heat to the
hand. Conduction= Transfer of Heat through Solids.
C= Radiation---The initial heating of a substance. The heat is coming
DIRECTLY from the fire to the hands.
When you “cool” the beaker, are you adding cold or removing
heat? Explain
When you “cool” the beaker, are you adding cold or removing
heat? Explain
HEAT moves, not “cold.” A beaker only “cools” because the
heat leaves the beaker. Heat always moves from hot to cold,
heated particles are always trying to transfer their energy to
something that doesn’t have as much energy (colder).
Once the beaker becomes the same temperature as its
surroundings, the energy transfer is DONE!
Which of these can happen when you ADD heat to a system?
A. The molecules in the substance begin slowing down.
B. The molecules in the substance being to compact and get
closer together.
C. The molecules in a substance change state of matter from a
liquid to a solid.
D. The molecules in a substance begin to move more quickly
and spread out.
Which of these can happen when you ADD heat to a system?
A. The molecules in the substance begin slowing down.
B. The molecules in the substance being to compact and get
closer together.
C. The molecules in a substance change state of matter from a
liquid to a solid.
**D. The molecules in a substance begin to move more quickly
and spread out.