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AS 1140 2-Feb-2016
+ NaOH
+ NaX
: OH
Nucleophilic
substitution
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AS 1140 2-Feb-2016
e.g. bromoethane + aqueous NaOH
+ NaOH
+ NaX
+ NaOH
+ NaBr
: OH-
: OH-
Nucleophilic
substitution
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AS 1140 2-Feb-2016
e.g. 2-chloropropane + aqueous NaOH
+ NaOH
+ NaX
+ NaOH
+ NaCl
: OH-
: OH-
Nucleophilic
substitution
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AS 1140 2-Feb-2016
e.g. 1-bromopropane + aqueous NaOH
+ NaOH
+ NaX
+ NaOH
+ NaBr
: OH-
: OH-
Nucleophilic
substitution
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AS 1140 2-Feb-2016
e.g. 2-iodo-3-methylbutane + aqueous NaOH
+ NaOH
+ NaX
+ NaOH
+ NaI
: OH-
: OH-
Nucleophilic
substitution
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AS 1140 2-Feb-2016
+ KCN
+ KX
: CN
Nucleophilic
substitution
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AS 1140 2-Feb-2016
e.g. 2-chloropropane + ethanolic KCN
+ KCN
+ KX
+ KCN
+ KCl
: CN-
: CN-
Nucleophilic
substitution
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AS 1140 2-Feb-2016
e.g. 1-bromobutane + ethanolic KCN
+ KCN
+ KX
+ KCN
+ KBr
: CN-
: CN-
Nucleophilic
substitution
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AS 1140 2-Feb-2016
+ 2 NH3
+ NH4X
: NH3
Nucleophilic
substitution
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AS 1140 2-Feb-2016
e.g. 2-chloropropane + excess hot conc NH3
+ 2 NH3
+ NH4X
+ 2 NH3
+ NH4Cl
: NH3
: NH3
Nucleophilic
substitution
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AS 1140 2-Feb-2016
e.g. 2-bromo-3-methylbutane + excess hot conc NH3
+ 2 NH3
+ NH4X
+ 2 NH3
+ NH4Br
: NH3
: NH3
Nucleophilic
substitution
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AS 1140 2-Feb-2016
+ KOH
+ KBr + H2O
• Hot, ethaanolic KOH (not warm,
aq NaOH)
• Lose X and H from adjacent C
(if there is one)
• Forms alkene(s)
• Can get different alkenes
depending which adjacent C the
H comes from
: OH
• OH- acts as base (not
nucleophile)
Elimination
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AS 1140 2-Feb-2016
e.g. 2-chloropropane + hot ethanolic KOH
+ KBr + H2O
+ KOH
+ KCl + H2O
+ KOH
: OH-
: OHElimination
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AS 1140 2-Feb-2016
e.g. 2-bromobutane + hot ethanolic KOH
+ KBr + H2O
+ KOH
+ KBr + H2O
+ KOH
: OH-
: OH© www.chemsheets.co.uk
Elimination
AS 1140 2-Feb-2016