UNITED STATES HISTORY
INTENSIVE REVIEW
for the
South Carolina
United States History and the Constitution
End of Course (EOC) Exam
Wren High School
May 15, 2012
DAY ONE
Table of Contents
Standard 1
P. 2-9
Standard 2
P. 10-14
Standard 3
P. 15-20
Standard 4
P. 20-25
SESSION ONE
Colonial America and the American Revolution
Standard 1.1
Comparing and Contrasting British North America
NEW
ENGLAND
MIDDLE
COLONIES
Key Colonies
Key Figures
Why Settle?
Economic
Activity
Predominant
Religion(s)
Religious
Outlook
2
SOUTHERN
COLONIES
Standard 1.2
Conflict between the British Parliament and the Colonial Legislatures
When it happened?
Magna Carta
English Bill of Rights
1225
1689
What did it do?
How should it affect
the colonies
How did it affect the
colonies
Parliament Taxes the Colonies
1754-1763
_______________________________________________________________________
1763 ____________________
____________________________________________________
1764 ____________________
____________________________________________________
1765 ____________________
______________________________________ Internal Tax
1767 ____________________
____________________________________________________
P___________ P___________ L___________ G___________ T___________
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The Road to Revolution
1770 ____________________
____________________________________________________
1773 ____________________
____________________________________________________
1774 ____________________
____________________________________________________
1. ____________________
____________________________________________________
2. ____________________
____________________________________________________
3. ____________________
____________________________________________________
4. ____________________
____________________________________________________
5. ____________________
____________________________________________________
The Revolutionary War
1775 Battles of ______________________________________ Siege of _______________________
1776 January
July
Publication of _________________________________
____________________________________________
December Publication of ____________________ ____ Battle of ________________________
1777 Battle of _____________
____________________________________________________
Treaty of Alliance with ___________________________________
1781 Siege of ____________ _
____________________________________________________
1783 Treaty of ____________
____________________________________________________
Standard 1.3
Impact of the Declaration of Independence
and Revolutionary War on establishing the
ideals of a Democratic Republic
The Declaration’s ideas eventually formed the groundwork for the
United States Constitution. Helped ignite debate over other issues
regarding ____________________ of citizens. Over the centuries the
Declaration of Independence has served as the foundation on which
4
countless crusades for _____________________ and reform have
been based.
What impact did the Declaration of independence and the
Revolutionary war have on France?
Standard 1.4
Dissatisfaction with the Articles of
Confederation/Constructing the Constitution
The Articles of Confederation
The first plan of government for the United States was the _________________ of _________________,
which were drafted in 1776. The Articles were replaced by the U.S. Constitution in 1789.
The Articles vs. the Constitution
Articles of Confederation
U.S. Constitution
“A Firm League of Friendship”
“A More Perfect Union”
Representation
Taxation
In addition to the Articles:
Powers of
Congress
Amendments
/ of Congress + / of States
5
The Constitutional Convention
May-September, 1787
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
For what purpose? _______________________________________
Conflict and Compromise at the Constitutional Convention
Virginia Plan
New Jersey Plan
Great (Connecticut)
Compromise
3/5 (“Not So Great”)
Compromise
Slave Trade
Compromise
Electoral
College
Electors = ____________ + ______________
___ / ___ OF ___________________ + ___ / ___ OF THE
_____________________
Amendments
Standard 1.5
Principles of the Constitution
Federalism – power is divided between the _________________ government
and the ______________ governments.
Ordered Government
___________________ Rebellion (1786)
Representative Government (Republicanism)
Separation of Powers
____________ Branch
____________ Branch
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____________ Branch
In addition to separation
of powers, the Framers
proposed a system of
checks and balances in
order to make sure that
the members of one
branch of government did
not become too powerful
or corrupt.
Examples:
Veto, Treaty Ratification,
Judicial Nomination and
Confirmation
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Standard 1.6
Two Party System, Democratic-Republicans
and Federalist
The First Two-Party System
What was each party’s stance on each of these issues?
(Jeffersonian)
FEDERALISTS
DEMOCRATICREPUBLICANS
Leaders
Federalism
Constitution
Economy
National Bank
Protective Tariff
Federal Assumption of
State War Debts
Supporters
Washington’s Farewell Address:
1. ____________________________________
Washington urged Americans to avoid
2. ____________________________________
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Standard 1.7
John Marshall, Marbury V. Madison
The Adams Administration
Alien and Sedition Acts (1798)
Virginia & Kentucky Resolutions (1798-1799)
WHO?
WHAT?
Before leaving office, John Adams appointed several _________________ judges,
who would serve life terms and be able to undermine Jefferson’s Republican
administration from the bench. These included John _______________ who
Adams appointed as _____________ _____________ of the ____________
______________.
__________ v. ___________ established the principle of __________ _________,
which says that the ____________ ___________ has the authority to interpret
the Constitution. This differed from Thomas Jefferson’s belief that the _________
should interpret the Constitution.
John Marshall vs. Thomas Jefferson
John Marshall
(___________)
Thomas Jefferson
(__________)
Federalism
National Bank
Economic Development?
Strict / Loose Construction
Who Interprets the
Constitution?
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STANDARD 2
Movement West
Standard 2.1
Impact of Westward Movement on Democracy
Louisiana Purchase / Lewis and Clark Expedition
1803 – Jefferson purchased Louisiana from ___________________. He sent Lewis
and Clark to explore the Purchase (WIN) and to find a ________________ Passage
(FAIL).
Indian Removal / Trail of Tears
TERRITORIAL ACQUISITIONS TIMELINE
10
Standard 2.2
Explain the Monroe Doctrine
Monroe Doctrine (1823)
NO MORE…
Describe how this
political cartoon
represents the Monroe
Doctrine’s affect on the world.
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Manifest Destiny
John Gast, American Progress (1872)
Explain the cartoon above in reference to Manifest Destiny.
Whose Will was it that America had the Right to expand West?
_________________________________________________________
Texas Revolution
The Republic of Texas (1836-1846)
Problems with Annexation:
1. ___________________
2. ___________________
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Standard 2.3
Sectionalism and Economic Development
NORTH
SOUTH
WEST
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Standard 2.4
Antebellum Reform and Sectionalism
Antebellum means “_______________ _____ ______________.” In U.S. History,
antebellum describes the period between 18__ and the start of the
____________ ___________ in 18__.
SECTIONALISM
NORTH
SOUTH
WEST
Economy
Political Leaders
Political Issues
ANTEBELLUM REFORM MOVEMENTS
Movement
Key Figures
Information
Second Great
Awakening
Abolitionism
Temperance
Women’s Rights
Antebellum reform movements were strongest in the _______________, but did
not catch on in the more traditionally-minded South.
The more aggressively Northerners criticized the institution of slavery, the more
the South ________________ it.
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Standard 3.1
Events Leading to the Civil War
Monroe
1820 ________________________________________
___°___′
1824 The “______________” Bargain (Clay and Adams)
J.Q. Adams
1828 ________________________________________
Jackson
Clay’s American System
1. A Tariff
2. A National Bank
3. Federal Subsidies
WHO LOSES?
1828-1833 ____________________ Crisis
1831
__________________ published
Southern Plantation Owners
William Lloyd _____________________
Van Buren
Tyler
Polk
1846-1848
1836
Texas _______________
1845
Texas _______________
______________________________________
_________________ Proviso
__________________________________________________
Abolitionism vs. Free Soil
Abolitionism
Free Soil
Geographic Base:
Taylor
Fillmore
Geographic Base:
Compromise of 1850
1. ________________________________________________________
The Great
Triumvirate
2. ________________________________________________________
on compromising
3. ________________________________________________________
4. ________________________________________________________
5. ________________________________________________________
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Webster
_______
Clay
_______
Calhoun
_______
The Crisis of the 1850s
The 1830s vs. the 1850s
1830s
Pierce
1850s
1852 __________________________ published
IMPACT:
1854 _______________-__________________ Act
____________________ Party Founded
PLATFORM: _____________________
1856 “Bleeding ____________________”
Notable abolitionist involved: _____________ ________________
Buchanan
1857 _____________ _______________ v. Sandford
1. __________________________________________________
2. __________________________________________________
3. Nullified _________________________________
1859 John Brown’s _______________’s Ferry Raid
1860 ______________________ Elected President
Lincoln
1. ___________________ South secedes (12/1860-2/1861)
States:
2. Fort ________________ attacked (4/1861)
3. Lincoln’s Response: _____________________________________
4. ___________________ South secedes (April-June/1861)
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Standard 3.2
Course of the Civil War,
The Civil War
(aka, “The War Between the States”)
United States of America (USA)
Confederate States of America (CSA)
“The North” or “The ____________”
“The South” or “The ________________”
Strategies
Strengths
Weaknesses
Leaders
Turing Points
Decisive Battles of the Civil War
Battle
Victor
Year
Union
Confed.
Significance
1861
1862
1863
1863
1865
The Emancipation Proclamation
EFFECTIVE DATE:
_________ _____, __________
Which slaves were freed by Lincoln’s Emancipation Proclamation? ___________________________
How many slaves were freed on January 1, 1863? ___________________
What value did it have, then? _____________________________________________________
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By what authority did Lincoln free these slaves? ______________________________________
Lincoln defined the proclamation as a “necessary ______________ measure.”
Why didn’t Lincoln issue the Emancipation Proclamation sooner?
Lincoln and the Civil War
Lincoln’s primary goal in fighting the Civil War was to
___________________ the ________________. To this goal, he added the emancipation
of slaves as it became clear that the war would be a long and bitter conflict.
Standard 3.3
Effects of Reconstruction
Reconstruction
By what process will the Southern states be brought back into the Union?
“With malice toward none; with charity for all; with firmness in the right, as God gives us to see the right,
let us strive on to finish the work we are in; to bind up the nation's wounds… to do all which may achieve
and cherish a just and lasting peace among ourselves, and with all nations. “
-- Abraham Lincoln
Second Inaugural Address
Presidential Reconstruction
_______% Plan – Lincoln’s plan to allow Southern states back into the Union quickly and easily
Lincoln’s _________________ by John Wilkes Booth in 1865 hardened Northern attitudes
toward the defeated South. Lincoln’s successor, Andrew __________________, attempted to
continue Lincoln’s generous plans for Reconstruction, but encountered resistance from
Congress. Northern Republicans also resented Southern states’ efforts to impose _______________
Codes, which denied basic rights of citizenship to African-Americans.
Radical Republicans
Goals of the Radical Republicans:
1. ______________________________________________
2. ______________________________________________
Presidential Reconstruction
Congressional (Radical) Reconstruction
(1863-1867)
(1867-1877)
President ______________ vetoed Reconstruction Acts that were passed by the Radical Republicans in
1867, but his vetoes were overridden by a __/__ vote of Congress. The Radical Republicans
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__________________ President Johnson over disagreements about Reconstruction plans. Johnson
avoided being removed from office by ___ vote.
Standard 3.4
Effects of Reconstruction
Reconstruction Amendments
Presidential Reconstruction
13th Amendment (1865)
Radical Reconstruction
14th Amendment (1868) 15th Amendment (1870)
1.
2.
3.
Reconstruction in the South
Radical Republicans divided the South (except for Tennessee, which ratified the ___th Amendment
voluntarily) into five _____________________ districts. Radical Republicans believed that the defeated
South should be treated like “___________________ provinces.”
Freedmen’s Bureau: ___________________________________________________________________
Carpetbaggers
Scalawags
The ______ ___________ ___________ committed acts of violence and intimidation against
“carpetbaggers,” “scalawags,” and freedmen.
Compromise of 1877: _______________________________________________________________
Jim Crow - ________________________________________________________________
Plessy v. Ferguson (1896):
______________________, but ____________________
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Standard 3.5
Booker T. Washington, W.E.B. Du Bois, Ida B. Wells
List the Methods that each of these Activist used in their
battle for Civil Rights
Booker T.
W.E.B Du Bois
Ida B. Wells
Washington
Standard 4
Standard 4.1
Impact of Government Policy and Construction of the
Railroads on the Native American Peoples
The Dawes Severalty Act
Adopted by Congress in 1887
Made as an attempt to _________________ Native Americans.
Allowed Native Americans to sign up for _______________________.
___________________ took control of all unclaimed lands.
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Standards 4.2/4.3
Capitalism, Railroads, Big Business through Monopolies
The Gilded Age
Gilded Age: __________________________________________________________________________
Impact of the Railroads:
1.______________________ 2. ___________________________ 3. _________________________
Advantages of Corporations
1. ____________________
2. _________________________ 3. ___________________________
Big Businesses:
Andrew Carnegie
John Rockefeller
Business
____________________
____________________
Vertical Integration
Controlling all aspects of
Production
Tactics used: _________________________
_________________________
Horizontal Integration
Buying out the competition
_________________________
_________________________-
Social Darwinism: ________________________________________________________________
Sherman Antitrust: _______________________________________________________________
Robber Barons: __________________________________________________________________
Governmental Actions that produced Industrial Growth
1. ________________________ ________
2. __________________________________
3. ________________________________
4. __________________________________
Labor Unions v. Big Business
What were the problems of the labor force?
1._______________________ 2._______________________ 3. ___ ____________________
The two major Labor Unions of the era were
_______________________________________
Weapons of Labor
1. _________________________________
2. _________________________________
3. _________________________________
__________________________________
Weapons of Business
1.______________________________
2. ______________________________
3. ______________________________
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Labor Strikes
Railroad Strike of 1877
Haymarket Strike
Pullman Strike
Causes
Results
Which side did the government take?
_______________________ and _________________________ brought public attention to child labor
and unsafe working conditions.
President ______________________ changed the government’s stance on labor unions when he
supported the use _______________________________ by labor unions.
Standard 4.4
Populist Movement
Problems of the Farmers
1. ________________________________
2.___________________________________
3. ________________________________
4. __________________________________
1. _____________________________
Bimetallism
Farmers Movements
2. ______________________________
Gold Standard
Was the Populist Party successful?
Election of 1896
“Farmers v. Big Business”
Farmers supported the Populist and Democratic Candidate, ______________________ in the Election
of 1896. This candidate gave a very important speech called ___________________________ , which
argued for Bimetallism.
Big Business supported the Republican Party candidate,_____________________________ and his
Front Porch Campaign. He won the election because he received the support of the workers that feared
the inflationary (soft money) policies of Populist Party.
22
Standard 4.5
Immigration, Ethnic Neighborhoods, and Political Machines
Ethnic Neighborhoods and Immigrant Poverty
In most cases, immigrants were too poor to move beyond coastal cities, leading to the rise of
densely populated ethnic neighborhoods. Immigrants relied on political machines, led by party
bosses, to help them find jobs. The political machines relied on immigrant votes to keep
themselves in power.
Muckrakers, such as Jacob ______________, author of How the Other Half Lives, exposed the
poor conditions in urban tenements (low-rent apartments) and sweatshops, where immigrants
performed cheap labor.
Although most immigrants stayed in coastal cities, such as NYC, many went to Chicago and
other cities in the Midwest where low-paying, undesirable jobs (e.g., meatpacking) were
available. Upton Sinclair’s book, The _______________, exposed the wretched working
conditions in Chicago’s meatpacking industry.
Native born Americans tended to resent the “New Immigrants” for several reasons:
1. They didn’t understand __________________.
2. Their home countries lacked traditions of ________________ government.
3. Their religions (_________________, ______________, ______________) were largely alien to
native born Americans.
4. They provided a steady supply of ______________ _______________, which undermined
efforts by labor unions to get better wages.
Catholicism and cheap labor were also reasons why people resented the ______________ immigrants
during the antebellum period. However, the Irish did speak English and had traditions of republican
government, so no efforts were made by Congress to limit Irish immigration during the nineteenth
century.
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Migration of African Americans to the North and West
Where they went
Why they went
What they
encountered
North
West
Political Machines
Key Figures:________________________________________
Key groups: Tammany Hall, New York’s Democratic Political Machine
Examples of Corruption:
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
What strategies did political machines use to gain votes from
Immigrants? _____________________________________________
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Standard 4.6
Progressive Movement
Progressiveness- Social Activism, Reforms, End Corruption in Politics
Progressive
Theory
Activism
Accomplished
Carrie
Chapman
Catt
Women’s
Suffrage
Alice Paul
Jane
Addams
Founder of
the League
of Women
Voters, and
President of
National
American
Woman
Suffrage
Association
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Theodore
Roosevelt
Woodrow
Wilson