Parts of Speech
VERB
NOUN
Week 1
ADJECTIVE
N
OU
ON
PR
CO
ITION
PREPOS
Needed Definitions
ADVERB
NJ
UN
INTERJECTION
Parts of Speech
• Verb
• Noun
• Pronoun
• Adjective
• Adverb
• Preposition
• Conjunction
• Interjection
Verb
Shows :
• Action
• Time
• Mood
Answers ?? :
Doing
Kinds of
Action, Linking,
Auxiliary,
Modal
CT
ION
Noun
•
•
•
•
Is…
Person
Place
Thing
Idea
Answers ?? :
Who
Or
What
Kinds of Verbs: Action
• Action verbs express mental
or physical action.
He rode the horse to
victory.
The police car raced
across the road.
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Kinds of Verbs: Linking
Linking verbs make a
statement by connecting
the subject with a word
that describes or
explains it.
She is a teacher.
She has been sick.
Kinds of Verbs: Helping
• Helping verbs aid or
help a main verb
(for various tenses).
• Helping verbs used
for questions and
negatives.
He was riding the horse.
Did she have a cold?
He has ridden the horse.
No, she did not.
Pronoun…
• Replaces a
noun
• Shows
possession
• Can use
contractions
• Kinds of:
– Personal
– Interrogative
– Demonstrative
– Indefinite
– Relative
The pronoun is a word used in place of one or more nouns.
It may stand for a person, place, thing, or idea.
Indefinite Pronouns
ns
n ou
Pro
nal mine s
o
s
r
,
r
Pe I, me r, you
u
ers,
, yo
you , her, h
she it, its urs
r, o ir,
u
o
s,
the
we,u them,
,
s
they their
elf
mys elf
rs
u
o
y
anybody
each
either
none
someone, one, etc.
Demonstrative Pronouns
this
that
these
those
Interrogative Pronouns
who
whom
what
which
whose
Adjective
• Describes a
Noun
Answers ??:
Which one
Or
What Kind
Modifies or describes a
noun or pronoun.
Answers these questions:
Did you lose your address
book?
Is that a wool sweater?
Just give me five minutes.
2
Adverb
• Describes a
Verb
• Describes an
Adjective
• Describes an
Adverb
Answers ??:
How
When
Where
Why
How Many
Modifies or describes
a verb, an adjective,
or another adverb.
Answers the questions:
How?
He ran quickly.
When?
She left yesterday.
Where?
We went there.
It was too hot!
To what degree or how much?
Preposition
• Shows relationships between
words, phrases, clauses
• Must have an object
The preposition
never stands alone!
They received a postcard from Bobby telling
about his trip to Canada.
The preposition
never stands alone!
pp
preposition
object
You can press those leaves under glass.
more than
one object
noun
pronoun
pp
object
object
Her telegram to Nina and Ralph brought good news.
object can have modifiers
object of
preposition
pp
object
It happened during the last examination.
3
Some Common Prepositions
aboard
about
above
across
after
against
along
among
around
at
before
behind
below
beneath
beside
between
beyond
by
down
during
except
for
from
in
into
like
of
off
on
over
past
since
through
throughout
to
toward
under
underneath
until
up
upon
with
within
without
The conjunction
A conjunction is a word that joins words or groups
of words.
d
an
or
neithe
/or
either
r/nor
but
The conjunction: Coordinating
The conjunction: Subordinating
Joins Two Equal Ideas
FANBOYS
Joins two UNEQUAL ideas
For
And
Nor
But
Or
Yet
n
he
W
s
Becau
So
Although
Befor
e
e
until
The interjection
an exclamatory word that expresses emotion
Other Vocabulary
Goodness! What a cute baby!
Wow! Look at that
sunset!
4
Subject p90
Predicate
• Topic of the sentence
• Usually precedes verb
• Can be simple NOUN
• Or
Complex NOUN Phrase
The verb
and
everything
which follows
or belongs to the verb.
Object of Preposition NEVER subject
2 Parts of Sentence
Subject:
What or who the
sentence is about with
modifiers (Usually has
some kind of noun).
Predicate
Verb and everything
else in sentence that is
not subject.
Simple
Complete
Simple
Complete
Examples
Simple Subject/ Simple Predicate.
I like cake.
More Complex
Mrs. Coleman’s cat enjoys eating fresh tuna.
Phrase p90
Clause p90
Two or more words that
DO NOT
contain a subject and a verb
Two or more words that
DO HAVE
a subject and a verb
5
Transitive Verb p90
Intransitive Verb p90
A verb that
TAKES
a
Direct Object
A verb that
DOES NOT
take a
Direct Object
Linking Verb p90
Direct Object p90
A verb that
CONNECTS
a subject and
Its complement
(noun or adjective)
A word or phrase
that receives
the action of the verb
Indirect Object p90
Subject Complement p90
A word or phrase
that receives
from Direct Object
A noun or noun phrase that
describes the subject
(often used with linking verb)
when used with linking verb –
predicate nominative
6
Adjective Complement
Object Complement p90
(Also Predicate Adjective )
Used with linking verb
to describe an noun
A word that
describes the object
(often used with linking verb)
Coordinating Conjunction p 90
Subordinating Conjunction p90
Connects 2 or more
Independent Clauses
Only 7 = FANBOYS
Connects Dependent Clause
with Independent Clause
Independent Clause pg 94
Dependent Clause p 94
(Complete Sentence)
A subject and verb in agreement
and often
an object or complement
(Incomplete Sentence)
• Cannot Stand alone
• Used with Subordinating
Conjunction to join to DC
7
Declarative Sentence p 103
Interrogative p 103
A sentence
that
makes a statement
Usually ends in period
(Question)
Asks for information
Often uses Wh word
who, what, where, when, why, how
Imperative
Simple Sentence p 108
(Command)
A sentence
which is addressed
to second person
(often dropped)
Has
ONE
Independent Clause
Compound Sentence p 108
Complex Sentence p 108
Has
TWO or more
Independent Clauses
Has ONE or more
Dependent Clauses
and
ONE Independent Clause
joined with
SUBORDINATE CONJUNCTION
8
Compound Complex Sentence
p 108
Has ONE or more
Dependent Clauses
and
TWO or more
Independent Clauses
9