Educational Theory and Teaching
Simon Downs
MASLOWS HIERARCHY of NEEDS
Miller’s pyramid
WPBA
Does
CSA
Action
Performance
Shows How
CSA
Knows How
AKT
Competence
Knowledge
Knows
Types of Memory (VAK)
Visual; Visual learners find it easier to take in new
information through pictures,
diagrams, charts, films, etc.
Auditory; Verbal learners find it easier to take in new
information through the spoken
word
Kinaesthetic; Kinaesthetic learners find it easier to
take in new information through
copying demonstrations and getting physically
involved
Schon. ‘The Reflective Practitioner’
Teaching Styles
Authoritarian
Socratic
Heuristic
Counselling
SIX CATEGORIES OF INTERVENTION
· Prescriptive · Informative · Confronting -
· Cathartic · Catalytic · Supportive -
Give advice or instruction—directive
Explaining and giving information
Giving feedback to the trainee on their
behaviour or attitude, in order to help
them see what is happening
Helping the trainee release their
emotions
Encouraging the trainee to explore their
own feelings and reason for behaviour
Encouraging the trainee’s self worth by
giving approval
The Johari Window
The old feedback sandwich
Praise
Criticism
Praise
Challenge v Support
Optimal Growth
Providing Challenge
Steinert 2008:BMJ 336, 150-153
Where does the
problem lie?
Unsupportive
Overly critical
Unreasonable expectations
Disinterested
Non challenging
Failure to meet learner’s needs
Knowledge
Skills
Attitudes
Learner
Teacher
Work
(e.g. workload, unsupportive staff)
Social
(e.g. marital, financial)
Personal
(e.g. substance abuse, illness)
Training
(e.g. unsupportive VTS, lack of guidance)
Environment