REFORM MOVEMENTS
An Era of Change
PLEASE WRITE THIS DEFINITION ON THE BACK OF
YOUR CHART YOU PICKED UP.
Transcendentalism was a philosophical movement that
developed in the late 1820s and 1830s in the eastern
region of the United States. The movement was a reaction
to or protest against the general state of intellectualism
and spirituality.
SECOND GREAT AWAKENING 1790’ S
Leader – Charles Grandison Finney: an
American Presbyterian minister and leader in the Second Great
Awakening in the United States.
During the colonial era, people believed in predestination
which meant that God knew in advance who would be saved
and who wouldn’t.
The Second Great Awakening led people to believe that they
could choose their own destiny.
Preachers held religious revivals, huge out door meetings
where thousands of people were “saved”.
This movement led to society being more tolerant of other
religions.
Reform
Movements
Who?
What?
When?
Impact?
Second Great
Awakening
Charles
Grandison
Finney
A religious
movement that
rejected
predestination
and focused
on doing good
things to get
into Heaven
and free will
1790s
Tolerance of other
Christian groups,
inspired later
reform movements
such as
Abolitionist and
Temperance
HOSPITAL & PRISON REFORM 1840
Leader – Dorthea Dix a volunteer Sunday teacher at a prison
She was horrified at the conditions of the prison and how prisoners
were treated.
Mentally ill people were placed in prison and were chained up in
dark rooms.
When she investigated other prisons and she witnessed the same
cruel treatment of the inmates and patients. She complied her
findings in a report.
The movement brought forth an awareness of the inhumane
treatment of prisoners and established more accessible institutes for
the mentally ill.
Reform
Movements
Who?
What?
When?
Impact?
Hospital
&Prison
Reform
Dorthea Dix
To help the
mentally ill
and prisoners
receive
humane
treatment
1840s
The mentally
ill were no
longer put into
prisons.
Mental
institutions
made
available.
TEMPERANCE MOVEMENT
 Leader – Women! Carrie Nation
Alcohol abuse was leading of abuse in the
household and problems on the job.
Carrie Nation was a well known spokes
person for this movement. She would preach
inside and outside bars about the sins of
drinking. She was wanted in several states and
even spent some time in jail for her protests.
This movement was created to end alcohol
abuse and led to some states even banning the
sale of alcohol.
Reform
Movements
Who?
What?
When?
Impact?
Temperance
Movement
Women
Groups,
Carrie Nation
The belief that
alcohol made
men violent.
Sought a ban on
alcohol. Racist
propaganda
against
foreigners was
often used
Mid
1800s
to
1900s
Alcohol banned,
crime and social
problems
increased so
Prohibition was
repealed
EDUCATION REFORM
Leader – Horace Mann
Before this most schooling was done in one room
addressing various ages at once.
This movement pushed for a change where children would
be separated by their age groups and taught that way.
Horace Mann established “common schools” where those
wanting to be teachers could be trained to teach in the
classroom.
Public schools were created so that all kids could receive
an education even the kids with disabilities.
Reform
Movements
Who?
Education
Reform
Horace
Mann
What?
When?
To improve the 1800s
education
system and to
set up public
schools
Impact?
Creation of
public schools
and better
trained
teachers
ABOLITIONIST MOVEMENT
Were African Americans included
when Jefferson wrote that “all men
are created equal”?
This movement began during the
Second Great Awakening.
The American Colonization Society
proposed to end slavery by setting
up an independent colony in Africa
for freed slaves.
President Monroe helped set up
the colony of Liberia for this
purpose.
Many people believed that blacks
and white could live together
peacefully.
ABOLITIONIST MOVEMENT
A growing number of abolitionists wanted
to end slavery in America.
Free African Americans played an
important role in this movement.
Frederick Douglas was an escaped slave
who became a powerful public speaker
and leading abolitionist.
The most outspoken white abolitionist was
William Lloyd Garrison. He wrote The
Liberator, a newspaper aimed at changing
the opinion of slavery in the nation.
UNDERGROUND RAILROAD
This was NOT a real railroad!!
A network of black and white abolitionist
who secretly helped slaves escape to
freedom in the North
The most famous “conductor” was Harriet
Tubman, who had escaped slavery herself.
She went back 19 times to help lead others
out of slavery.
Slave owners offered a $40,000 reward
for her capture…dead or alive.
Reform Movements
Who?
What?
When?
Impact?
Abolitionist
Movement
Frederick
Douglas
William L.
Garrison,
Harriet
Tubman,
Harriet
Beecher Stowe
To end slavery
and to help
escaped slaves
1800s
The Liberator
officially began
the movement,
Underground
Railroad helped
slaves escape,
Frederick
Douglass’
speeches lead
the movement,
H.B. Stowe’s Uncle
Tom’s Cabin
inspired support
WOMEN’S RIGHTS
Leaders: Sojourner Truth, Lucretia
Mott and Elizabeth Caddy Stanton.
Women had very few political and
legal rights.
They could not vote or hold office.
When married the husband would
get all of their property and if they
worked their wages would go to the
husband.
These women pushed for equal
rights for women!
SENECA FALLS CONVENTION 1848
A women’s right meeting held by Mott and Stanton in New
York.
This marked the beginning of the women’s rights movement
Attending- 200 women and 40 men
Delegates approve the Declaration of Sentiments which
proclaimed that “all men and women were created equal.”
Approved equality in the work force, at school, church and
suffrage.
Reform
Movements
Who?
What?
When?
Impact?
Women’s
Rights
Sojourner Truth
Elizabeth Stanton
Lucretia Mott
To gain equal
rights and
opportunities
for women,
Seneca Falls
convention
1848
The Declaration of
Sentiments. Led to
formation of
women’s rights
organizations.
Increased
opportunities for
women in
education,
marriage, and in
the workplace
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