MODUL 1
PENGANTAR EKONOMI MIKRO
Dosen:
Tantri Yanuar R S, SE, MSM
Tujuan Instruksional Khusus:
1. Membangkitkan minat mahasiswa untuk belajar mikroekonomi
2. Mahasiswa memahami ilmu ekonomi secara umum
3. Mahasiswa dapat membedakan mikroekonomi dan makroekonomi
4. Mahasiswa mengetahui manfaat dari mikroekonomi
5. Memperkenalkan beberapa analisa ekonomi
6. Membedakan antara need dan want
7. Memperkenalkan konsep permintaan
8. Memperkenalkan teori konsumen
9. Memperkenalkan konsep value dalam ekonomi
Peraturan Kuliah:
1. Jumlah minimal kehadiran adalah 65%. Apabila jumlah kehadiran
kurang dari 65%, maka mahasiswa langsung mendapat nilai E.
2. Metode perkuliahan adalah PCL (Participated Center Learning), yaitu
mahasiswa harus aktif dalam diskusi kelas.
3. Prosentase nilai akhir terdiri dari:
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
2008
1
UTS
UAS
Tugas harian
Partisipasi
Tugas akhir
Pengantar Ekonomi Mikro
Tantri Yanuar R.S, SE., MSM
25%
30%
15%
15%
15%
Pusat Bahan Ajar dan eLearning
http://www.mercubuana.ac.id
Verification of Economic Models
•
There are two general methods used to verify economic models:
–
direct approach
•
–
indirect approach
•
•
establishes the validity of the model’s assumptions
shows that the model correctly predicts real-world events
We can use the profit-maximization model to examine these approaches
–
is the basic assumption valid? do firms really seek to maximize profits?
–
can the model predict the behavior of real-world firms?
Features of Economic Models
•
Ceteris Paribus assumption
•
Optimization assumption
•
Distinction between positive and normative analysis
Ceteris Paribus Assumption
•
Ceteris Paribus means “other things the same”
•
Economic models attempt to explain simple relationships
–
focus on the effects of only a few forces at a time
–
other variables are assumed to be unchanged during the period of study
Optimization Assumptions
•
Many economic models begin with the assumption that economic actors are
rationally pursuing some goal
2008
–
consumers seek to maximize their utility
–
firms seek to maximize profits (or minimize costs)
–
government regulators seek to maximize public welfare
•
Optimization assumptions generate precise, solvable models
•
Optimization models appear to be perform fairly well in explaining reality
2
Pengantar Ekonomi Mikro
Tantri Yanuar R.S, SE., MSM
Pusat Bahan Ajar dan eLearning
http://www.mercubuana.ac.id
•
Law of diminishing marginal utility:
As the rate of consumption increases, the marginal utility derived from consuming
additional units of a good will decline.
Consumer theory
•
Preferences
•
Utility functions
•
Budget constraints
•
Optimal choice
•
Demand
Consumer theory
preferences
constraints
choice
Taking constraints into account, an
individual attempts to reach the highest
FEASIBLE level of satisfaction.
2008
3
Pengantar Ekonomi Mikro
Tantri Yanuar R.S, SE., MSM
Pusat Bahan Ajar dan eLearning
http://www.mercubuana.ac.id