Build a Wall
What do you remember?
TRUE (A) or FALSE (B)
1. When viewed under a microscope, skin cells,
liver cells and heart cells look very different from
one another.
2. From the bloodstream, our cells absorb
____ & dump out ___. A. electrolytes, salts
B.
C.
D.
E.
O2, CO2
Iron, glucose
Carbohydrates, proteins
NOTA
TRUE (A) or FALSE (B)
3. These are erythrocytes.
4. Except for ova & sperm, human cells
A. apoptosis
reproduce by ___.
B.
C.
D.
E.
glycolysis
hepatogenesis
mitosis
meiosis
5. In the bloodstream are wastes from cells.
Which organ(s) remove those wastes?
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
kidneys
lungs
spleen
large intestine
NOTA
TRUE (A) or FALSE (B)
6. The word ‘locomotion’ refers to a cell’s ability
to remove their waste products.
TRUE (A) or FALSE (B)
7. Your body cells above the diaphragm come
from your mother’s side, and your cells below
the diaphragm come from your father’s side.
8. Which is NOT transported in our blood?
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
hormones
wastes from last night’s dinner
oxygen
WBC’s
glucose
TRUE (A) or FALSE (B)
9. Like us, our cells have the ability to convert
food into energy. This is known as malapropism.
10. Which is the NORMAL way our
cells should die?
A. Apoptosis
B. Necrosis
Empty Tower
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Check roll
HOSA clothes
Who got a text from me this AM?
Notecards
M/U Cancer Test
MQ #1
Cells
When? TBA
Intro to cells
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gFuEo2ccTPA
Objectives for CTOS, Part 1:
Students will be able to
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Explain how human cells are like “many mini me’s” (ex. digestion, reproduction,
locomotion, respiration, etc.)
Summarize the theory of apoptosis, and how its effects differ from cellular
necrosis, especially in regard to inflammation.
Explain how RBCs, WBCs and platelets are alike & different.
Describe what is needed for the reproduction of bacteria & viruses.
Explain how stem cells affect us in everyday life, as well as in scientific research.
Outline the special properties of ova & sperm.
What is transported in our blood?
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O2
CO2
Hormones
Nutrients
Sugars
•
•
•
•
•
Cell wastes
Electrolytes (salts)
Water
RBC’s, WBC’s, platelets
Etc.
>100 trillion cells/human body
Are our body cells all alike?
>200 types of cells/human body
• Vary in
– size,
– shape &
– function
Cells are…
Our basic building
blocks
MT Q7
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Learn from mistakes
Grade onto MT Record
Scantron into prongs
Folder into alpha order in box
Cells…
1. Respiration
• O2 in (Lungs, Heart, Arteries, Cells)
• CO2 out (Cells, Veins, Heart, Lungs)
Cont’d >>>>
What is transported in our blood?
Cells… 1. Respiration
s O2 cells die
Esp. brain
4-6 minutes!
Brain out > in
Cells…
2. Digestion
A. absorb nutrients
• Ex: Pro, Carbs, Fats, V&M
• Sm Int > Liver > Bloodstream > Cells
Cells…
2. Digestion, cont’d
B. excrete waste
• BLOODSTREAM
• To kidneys >> urine
Cells…
3. Metabolism
= convert food into energy
Cells…
4. Locomotion
– The ability to move on
their own.
– Not all cells!
Cells…
5. Reproduction
Remember MITOSIS?
ALL cells x eggs & sperm
Cells…
6. Specificity
= specific fxn
Sound alarm when an invader is located
Eat invaders
Make insulin
Allow movement
Send electrical signals
Help blood clot
Make bile
Make hormones
Contract, beat
Allow smell, hear, sight, etc
Carry O2
Build bone
Produce HCl
Make mucus
Store glucose
Our cells are unique…
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How are bar codes like DNA?
Make us unique
ALL our cells have the EXACT same DNA
No 2 people have the same exact DNA, x …???
How immune system recognizes self vs non-self!
BW Careers: MLT
Medical Laboratory Technician
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xiiw2WVG-FY
Cells die in 2 ways
1. Cellular necrosis
2. Apoptosis


Cells die in 2 ways
1.
•
•
•
•
Cellular necrosis
Cells injured, die prematurely
Radiation, GSW, MVA, MI, CVA
> Chronic inflam
Like…

Cells die in 2 ways
2. Apoptosis (programmed cell
death, cell suicide)
• Genetically pre-determined
• Prevent further damage
• No > chronic inflam
• Like….

Normal cells vs cancer cells
Normal human cells die out after dividing x# of
times, even when kept alive in ideal laboratory
nutrient conditions.
But some cancer cells and virus-infected cells can
be "immortal" and divide indefinitely.
Silently, read handout to yourself.
• Mrs. L to read handout aloud.
Copy This Table
CELL
AKA
Fxn
Where
made
Lifespan
Other
1. Red Blood Cells (aka erythrocytes & RBC’s)
• Carry O2 to all other cells
• O2 makes RBC’s erythro
• Made in bone marrow
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_ZV5140OykE
1. Red Blood Cells (aka erythrocytes & RBC’s)
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•
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•
Live ≈ 4 months
Re-cycled in the spleen
Fe > Hgb > O2 on RBC’s
Low RBCs/Fe/Hgb >>>>> anemia
Video
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_ZV5140OykE
2. White Blood Cells (aka leukocytes or WBC’s))
• ID’s & Fights body invaders (???)
• Made in bone marrow
• Live 4 days (MAX!)
https://www.google.com/?gws_rd=ssl#q=white+blood+cells+and+infection&tbm=vid
2. White Blood Cells (aka leukocytes or WBC’s))
• Normal: 4-10K
• BM can make more
• When? Why?
3. Platelets (aka thrombocytes)
• Help blood clot by ‘sticking’ together 
• Made in bone marrow
• Live ≈ 10 days
3. Platelets (aka thrombocytes)
• Too few >>> excessive bleeding, longer bleeding time
• Older folks >>> platelets more sticky >>>bad clots 
• ‘Blood thinners’ (ex. ASA, makes less sticky)
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Bgy24BMG79o
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KnMVOMPzj3o
4. Bacteria
•
•
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•
AKA germs, micro-organisms, microbes
EXAMPLES: E. Coli, staph, strep, MRSA, H. Pylori
Yogurt, intestines, decomp
Many useful fxns
\
(yogurt, intestines, decomposition, beer)
4. Bacteria
• WHERE MADE: everywhere, but most prefer places
that are Warm, Moist, Dark w/ Food (WMDF)
• 15-20 minutes
• flora
• Pathogens
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ICWLF9lccNk
(yogurt, intestines, decomposition, beer)
4. Bacteria
• Antibiotics kill BACTERIA (only!)
• Antibiotic resistance & Superbugs
• Farmers & MD’s & Pt’s
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=znnp-Ivj2ek
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eDhAg5m8Fyw
Good but hard to hear
(yogurt, intestines, decomposition, beer)
5. Stem Cells
•
•
•
Fetuses
Abortions
Stem cells
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tPulEAryPO0&feature=related
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cEB8656TCIE
5. Stem Cells
• Pluripotent Cells:
• Where found: Bone Marrow, Umbilical Cords
• Tx: Diabetes, Parkinson’s, Heart Disease, Cancer
5. Stem Cells
• Define: Special, non-specific cells with the
ability to develop into specific types of cells
• FXNS: To differentiate into many types of cells
5. Stem Cells
• HOPE FOR THE FUTURE: Medical research
as cure/treatment for many diseases
5. Stem Cells
• Begin as Undifferentiated Cells
• Bone Marrow, Skin, Blood, Liver, Eyes
BM Transplants
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GIy2nMnuGGI
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jqw3r-musrE
6. Eggs & sperm
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3
Eggs aka ova
Fxn: make baby
Born c _______
Ripen in OVARIES
Hormone: Estrogen
Live 24 hrs p ‘hatching’
EACH egg 23 chromosomes
5
6. Eggs & sperm
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•
•
•
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Sperm: no AKA
Fxn: make baby
MADE in testicles
Born c ____
Hormone: testosterone
Live 3-5 days inside female
EACH sperm 23 chromosomes
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vFfqLs94iHc
boy meets girl
6. Eggs & sperm
XX = female
XY = male
•
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=a3YFBjtlXHA
6. Estrogen
Video:
1. Define HORMONE.
2. In women, estrogen is made in 1.________ &
2.________
3. T/F: Ovaries made both estrogen & testosterone.
4. Testosterone in women: Fxn?
6. Estrogen & Menopause
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=a3YFBjtlXHA
Video: What is menopause?
1. Define:
2. No longer making __________.
3. Define peri-menopause
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=87J31LoNgnA
4. At least 5 common S/S:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xU6HfRH7Khw
6. Testosterone
Video:
1. Where is T made in men?
2. Where is T made in women?
3. During puberty, T makes these things happen:
4. At what age does T decrease?
#1-10
Build a Wall
Back to beginning slide for
review/practice for CELLS TEST
CTOS Section
Continue, after OVA & SPERM
cytology
• Cytology = the study of cells
• Cytologists = scientists that study cells
How our cells respond to injury?
http://study.com/academy/lesson/how-a-cellrecognizes-an-injury.html
These physical or
chemical insults can
lead to the lethal
disruption of cell
structure and activity
As necrotic cells begin to die,
they swell – holes appear in
the plasma membrane and
intracellular materials spill out
into the surrounding
environment.
This, in turn, can lead to
CHRONIC INFLAMMATION

• Chronic inflammation = not good.
• Linked to problems ranging from arthritis to
Alzheimer's, heart disease & diabetes
• Systemic, harmful >>> thickening/scarring (fibrosis)
of tissues
1. Aging (60+)
• 30% fewer cells
• Slowed cell division
• Cells less efficient (why meds can be tricky)
2. RADIATION – high doses
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=S8vr27plZs
• What is RADON?
2. RADIATION – high doses
• Lower # of WBC’s
• Digestive problems: N/V, diarrhea, poor absorption
• Reproductive problems (birth defects)
2. RADIATION (high doses) leads to
• Genetic mutations
• Cancer formation (cells become confused & reproduce too
rapidly…this is cancer!)
• At extremely high doses, radiation is used to kill cancer cells,
by basically cooking a cell from the inside out.
3. FREE RADICALS 
Watch video & answer these ?s
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Free radicals are ______
3 things that cause FR’s are: ___
“Oxidative stress” occurs when _____
Antioxidants  help by ___________
3 anti-oxidant foods are 1___ 2___ 3___
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fTBz9ipkWhE&feature=related
4. Viruses
Remember???
• HIV
• HPV
• HBV/HCV
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Rpj0emEGShQ
5. Bad habits
• Smoking, ETOH, drugs, junk foods
• Increase free radicals 
• Damage our cells
Triclosan
•
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In CTOS, label a page TRICLOSAN
Let’s read
List at least 7 important things
Afterward, will ask for 10 ‘volunteers’ to ID 1
fact. Must be different from everyone else
http://www.smithsonianmag.com/science-nature/five-reasons-why-you-shouldprobably-stop-using-antibacterial-soap-180948078/?no-ist
CELL
AKA
Fxn
Where made
Lifespan
Other
4. BACTERIA
AKA ________________________________________
Examples: ___________________________________
Yogurt: ______________________________________
Intestines: ____________________________________
Decomposition: ______________________________________
Favorable conditions: W______M________D_______ c F_______
Can repro every ____-____ minutes
Flora = ______________________________________________________
Pathogens = _________________________________________________
Antibiotics __________________________________________________
Antibiotic resistance: __________________________________________________
6. EGGS & SPERM
A. EGGS
AKA __________
Fxn: __________
Born c _______________
Ripen in ______________
Hormone affecting them: _______
How long ‘alive’:
_________________
# chromosomes: ________________
5. STEM CELLS
Video Stem Cell Basics:
Pluripotent cells = _____________________________
Where found: B_________M________ or U___________ C________
May be able to Tx: D_________, P____________,
disease, or C_____.
‘X’ sex chromosome
B. SPERM
Fxn:
Define: ______________________________________________________
Fxns: _______________________________________________________
Hope for the future: ____________________________________________
___________________________
Made where: ___________________
Video How SC Work:
Stem cells begin as U__________________ C________
Adult stem cells are found in B_____M_____, S____, B_____, L____, E___
Born c? _________
Video: Bone Marrow Transplant:
# chromosomes: _______________
:
Hormone affecting them: ________
How long ‘alive’? _____________
‘X’ & ‘Y’ sex chromosomes
X sperm + X egg = _________
Y sperm + X egg = _________
Write a sentence using “platelet(s)”.
Read aloud: # ____ #______ & #_____