Roots, definitions, synonyms,
antonyms, sentences, and
related words
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cogn –
knowledge
cognizance –
n. conscious knowledge or
awareness, especially through
observation adj. cognizant adv.
cognizantly n. cognition
Synonyms: advertence,
advertency, awareness,
attention, consciousness, heed,
knowledge, mindfulness, note,
notice, observance, observation
Antonyms: unfamiliarity
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In spite of the fact that
she said yes to the date,
Justin was cognizant of
the fact that she was
more interested in his
roommate than she was
him.
Her cognizance of
numerous accidents near
the school and the
overgrown shrubbery in
front of the stop sign
kept her from being hit
by the driver who raced
through the intersection
unaware.
Related Words:
 cognition
 incognito
 precognition
 recognizance
 recognize
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dorm –
sleep
dormant –
adj. in an inactive state,
like hibernating n.
dormancy adv. dormantly
Synonyms: asleep, dozing,
napping, resting, sleeping,
slumbering
Antonyms: awake,
sleepless, wakeful, wideawake
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
Volcanoes are often dormant,
but volcanologists keep close
them under observation to
alert the public if they see
signs of activity.
The ornate horned frog and
the African bullfrog dig down
into the dry soil and wait for
the rains during the long dry
seasons of their native
regions, and their dormancy
can last several months
before they are revived by
the spring rains.
Related Words:
 dorm
 dormitory
 dormer
 dormancy
 dormative
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fus –
pour
profuse –
adj. very or excessively
generous; given or done
freely or abundantly adv.
profusely n. profusion
Synonyms: plentiful,
copious, galore, gushing,
lavish, riotous
Antonyms: dribbling,
trickling
Merriam-Webster
Synonym Discussion:

Profuse, lavish, luxuriant, lush, exuberant mean
giving or given out in great abundance.
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Profuse implies pouring forth without restraint
<profuse apologies>.
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Lavish suggests an unstinted or unmeasured
profusion <a lavish party>.
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Luxuriant suggests a rich and splendid abundance
<a luxuriant beard>.
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Lush suggests rich, soft luxuriance <a lush green
lawn>.
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Exuberant implies marked vitality or vigor in what
produces abundantly <an exuberant imagination>.
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By all accounts, the azalea bush had
never produced well in the
landscaper’s nursery, but once it was
moved to a mostly sunny location at
her client’s home, it produced
profuse blooms for several weeks.
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Newcomers to the country are most
impressed with the profusion of
goods available at every
supermarket and the plethora of
choices we have in our shopping.
Related Words:
 circumfuse
 confuse
 defuse
 diffuse
 effusive
 infuse
 refuse
 suffuse
 transfuse
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e-

out
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egregious –

adj. extremely bad;
flagrant;
extraordinary or
remarkable in a bad
way adv. egregiously
n. egregiousness
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Synonyms: blatant,
conspicuous,
flagrant, glaring,
gross, obvious,
patent, pronounced,
striking

The surgeon made an
egregious error when he
failed to count the
surgical devices and left
a clamp inside his
patient.

As an English teacher, I
have to be very careful
with spelling, grammar,
and punctuation
because any error is
seen as egregious.
Related Words:
 e pluribus unum
 ebullient
 edict
 educate
 egress
 eject
 elate
 elicit
 eloquence
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manu, mani –
hand
manacle/s –
n. & v. handcuffs or
shackles; to shackle v.
manacles, -ed, -ing
Synonyms: band, bind,
bracelet, chain, cuff(s),
fetter, handcuff(s), irons,
shackle, chain, enchain,
enfetter, pinion
Antonyms: unbind,
unfetter, unshackle
The prisoner spent weeks filing
away at his manacles and was
able to escape once he was
free of the cumbersome leg
shackles.
 In modern prisons, prisoners
are manacled to restrain them
and to discourage them from
attempting to escape when
moving them from cell to
visitation or the medical
facility or when transporting
them from prison to court, as
well.
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Related Words:
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emancipate
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manage
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maneuver
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manicure
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manifest
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manipulate

manufacture

manuscript
 ocul
–
 eye
 monocle
–
 n. an eyeglass for use
with only one eye
 adj. monocle

The Monopoly man wears a
monocle, a single lens used for
vision in one eye.

Although I think monocles are
very neat, who uses a single lens
for vision?
Related Words:
 binocular
 inoculate
 intraocular
 monocular
 ocular
 oculist
 retroocular
 ped
–
 foot
 quadruped
–
 n. & adj. a fourfooted animal
 adj. quadrupedal
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A creature does not
have to be alive to
be a quadruped; it
merely has to have
four legs.
Quadrupeds can be
robotic, alien, or
terrestrial as long as
they have four feet.
Related Words:
 biped
 centipede
 expedient
 expedite
 impede
 millipede
 pedal
 pedestal
 pedestrian
 pedicure
 pedigree
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pel –
to drive
dispel –
v. to drive away in various
directions; to cause to vanish
v. dispelled, -s, -ing
Synonyms: clear out,
disband, scatter, disperse,
dissipate, squander
Antonyms: assemble, cluster,
collect, concentrate,
congregate, gather, ingather
Note: it should not have as
an object a single,
indivisible thing
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After the oil spill in
the Gulf of Mexico,
petroleum companies
utilized chemical
dispersants to
attempt to dispel the
tar and oil.
Farmers occasionally
hired children to
throw rocks and
startle birds in order
to dispel the
voracious creatures
that would eat the
freshly planted
garden.
Related Words:
 compel
 expel
 impel
 propel
 repel
 interpellate (This
is not the same as
interpolate.)
verb –
 word
 verbatim –
 adj. in the exact words
 Synonyms: ad verbum,
directly, exactly, word
for word
 Antonyms: inexactly
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The court reporter must
take great pains to
transcribe every word
spoken on the record in
court, and the document
she creates must be
verbatim.
Julee knew her lesson had
worked when she
overheard students
discussing the concept
and using the primary text
verbatim to support their
points.
Related Words:
 adverb
 proverb
 proverbial
 verb
 verbal
 verbalize
 verbiage
 verbose
 verve
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vit, viv, vivi –
life; breath, mind; soul
convivial –
adj. sociable; fond of
eating, drinking, and good
companionship n.
conviviality adv. convivially
Synonyms: boon,
companionable,
extroverted (also
extraverted), gregarious,
outgoing, sociable, social
Antonyms: antisocial,
introverted, nongregarious,
reclusive, unsociable,
unsocial
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I wasn’t expecting
the convivial
atmosphere at the
fundraiser since it
was being held in
the library on
campus, but
everyone was lively
and having a good
time.
I love to make
friends who are
convivial and
outgoing, enjoying
good food,
socializing, and
meeting people.
Related Words:
 aqua vitae
 curriculum vitae (CV)
 devitalize
 joie de vivre
 revitalize
 revive
 survive
 viable
 vitality
 vitamins
 vivacious
 vivid
vit, viv, vivi –
 life; breath, mind; soul
 manu, mani –
 hand
 cogn –
 knowledge
 verb –
 word
 fus –
 pour
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ped –
foot
dorm –
sleep
pel –
to drive
eout
ocul –
eye
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du, duo –
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two; second
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medi –
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middle
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scrib, script –
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write
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vers, vert –
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turn
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-ject –
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to throw
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cede, ceed, cess –
to go; to yield
corp/o, corpor, corpus –
body
–locu, -loqu –
to speak, speech, talk,
discourse
liter –
letter
duc, duct –
to lead
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dict –
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retro –

speech, to speak; proclaim
(declare officially); word
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back; backward; behind
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sub –
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below; beneath; lower in rank;
under; nearly
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super –
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above; over; beyond
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trans –
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across; through; change; beyond
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ultra –
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beyond; excessive
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mal –
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bad; evil; ill; wrong
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omni –

all
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post –
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after; behind
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pre –
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before; in front of
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ambi, amphi –
both; on both sides;
around
ante –
before
bell –
war
bene, bon –
good; well
circum –
around; surrounding
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cide –
to kill
cred –
belief; believe
extra, extro –
outside of; beyond
inter –
between; among
magn, magna, magni –
great; large