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Probability Vocabulary

Probability Vocabulary
Outcome: the result of a single trial of an experiment
Experiment: a situation involving chance that leads to results, or outcomes
Sample space: a list of all possible outcomes of an experiment. It is typically in closed in brackets, { }
with commas between the outcomes
Event: is one or a group of possible outcomes for a given situation
Simple Event: an event consisting of one outcome
Probability: a measure of the likelihood that an event will occur. It is a way of assigning numerical value
to the chance than an event will occur. It is often written as P(event). For example: the probability of
rolling a 5 on a 6-sided number cube would be written as P(5). The probability of rolling an even number
would be P(even)
The way to determine the probability is:
π‘ƒπ‘Ÿπ‘œπ‘π‘Žπ‘π‘–π‘™π‘–π‘‘π‘¦ =
π‘›π‘’π‘šπ‘π‘’π‘Ÿ π‘œπ‘“ π‘‘π‘–π‘šπ‘’π‘  π‘Žπ‘› 𝑒𝑣𝑒𝑛𝑑 π‘π‘Žπ‘› π‘œπ‘π‘π‘’π‘Ÿ
π‘›π‘’π‘šπ‘π‘’π‘Ÿ π‘œπ‘“ π‘π‘œπ‘ π‘ π‘–π‘π‘™π‘’ π‘œπ‘’π‘‘π‘π‘œπ‘šπ‘’π‘ 
Equally likely: when the probabilities of all the outcomes of an experiment are equal. Experimental
Probability is the ratio of the number of times an even occurs to the total number of trials performed:
𝐸π‘₯π‘π‘’π‘Ÿπ‘–π‘šπ‘’π‘›π‘‘π‘Žπ‘™ π‘ƒπ‘Ÿπ‘œπ‘π‘Žπ‘π‘–π‘™π‘–π‘‘π‘¦ =
π‘›π‘’π‘šπ‘π‘’π‘Ÿ π‘œπ‘“ π‘‘π‘–π‘šπ‘’π‘  π‘‘β„Žπ‘’ 𝑒𝑣𝑒𝑛 π‘œπ‘π‘π‘’π‘Ÿπ‘ 
π‘‘π‘œπ‘‘π‘Žπ‘™ π‘›π‘’π‘šπ‘π‘’π‘Ÿ π‘œπ‘“ π‘‘π‘Ÿπ‘–π‘Žπ‘™π‘  π‘π‘’π‘Ÿπ‘“π‘œπ‘Ÿπ‘šπ‘’π‘‘
Theoretical probability is the mathematical calculation that an event will happen in theory. The formula
for theoretical probability is the ratio of the number desired outcomes to the total number of possible
outcomes, or the sample space.
π‘‡β„Žπ‘’π‘œπ‘Ÿπ‘’π‘‘π‘–π‘π‘Žπ‘™ π‘ƒπ‘Ÿπ‘œπ‘π‘Žπ‘π‘–π‘™π‘–π‘‘π‘¦ =
π‘›π‘’π‘šπ‘π‘’π‘Ÿ π‘œπ‘“ π‘‘π‘’π‘ π‘–π‘Ÿπ‘’π‘‘ π‘œπ‘’π‘‘π‘π‘œπ‘šπ‘’π‘ 
π‘‡π‘œπ‘‘π‘Žπ‘™ π‘›π‘’π‘šπ‘π‘’π‘Ÿ π‘œπ‘“ π‘π‘œπ‘ π‘ π‘–π‘π‘™π‘’ π‘œπ‘’π‘‘π‘π‘œπ‘šπ‘’π‘ 
Probability Model: A list of each possible outcome along with its probability.
Uniform Probability Model: when all the probabilities in a probability model are equally likely to occur.
Non-Uniform Probability Model: when all the probabilities in a probability model are not equivalent to
each other.
Tree Diagram: a tree-shaped diagram that illustrates the possible outcomes of a given situation
Complementary Events: events that consist of the desired outcomes and the remaining events that
consist of all the undesired outcomes.
Compound Event: combines two or more events using the word β€œand” or the word β€œor.” Determining the
probability of a compound event with the word β€œand” is different from compound event with β€œor.” The
difference is that a compound event with the word β€œand” means that you are determining the probability
for one event, when determining a compound event with β€œor” you are determining the probability for
more than one event.

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