1920 – Modern Era
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Quotas:


Prohibition:


Made alcohol illegal (18th amendment)
On Margin:


Set the number of immigrants allowed into the
country each year.
Buying stock on credit, little $ down; contributed to
stock market crash
Flapper:

Emerging new women of the 1920s: smoke, drank,
danced, new clothes, etc.

Relationship between Immigrants, Government,
and KKK:


Teapot Dome Scandal:


Harding; leased government land for oil, public lost faith
in government
Stock Market Crash: October, 1929



Nativism: immigrants were discriminated against, led to
passage of national origins act
Cause: Buying on margin, overproduction
Effects: Unemployment (25%)
Calvin Coolidge:

Laissez-faire, free enterprise, government helps
businesses

Wagner Act:


Hoovervilles:


Shanty towns, made of cardboard, etc.
Dust Bowl:


Boost to unions, allowed collective bargaining
Drought in Midwest, destroyed farms
What was depression like? Significance?

High unemployment, very poor, soup kitchens;
Movies played a large role, way to escape reality

What was FDR’s New Deal and what was its
goal?


Court Packing Plan:


Increase the number of justices from 9 -> 15
Successful:


Programs designed to get the US out of the
Depression (AAA, PWA, TVA, etc.)
No, Congress did not pass it
Why he wanted to do it?

Help gain support for his New Deal Programs

Appeasement:


Lend Lease Act:


Policy of isolation
What caused US entrance?


Women who worked in factories during war
Why did the US not want to get involved in the
war?


Selling military supplies to allied powers
Rosie the Riveter:


Giving in to the demands of an aggressor (Munich
Conference: France and GB gave into Hitler)
Pearl Harbor, December 7, 1941
Korematsu v. The US:

Japanese were allowed to be placed in internment camps;
rights of citizens decrease during times of war

Domino Theory:


Suburbanization:


Mass movement to suburbs; helped by highways
and cars
Brinkmanship:


Fear that if one country falls to communism,
surrounding countries will too
On the brink of war: ex. Cuban Missile Crisis
Containment:

Policy to keep communism from spreading (Truman
Doctrine, Marshall Plan)

Significance of Truman Doctrine and Marshall
Plan:


Joe McCarthy:


Senator from Wisconsin: Started Red Scare of 1950s,
fear of communism in US
Baby Boom:


Both forms of containment: Truman (military),
Marshall (Money)
Major increase in population after WWII
Eisenhower Prosperity:

Increase in consumer spending, tax cuts, etc.

MLK Jr:


Rosa Parks:


Montgomery Bus Boycott
Malcolm X:


Non-violent civil disobedience
Violence was justified
JFK:

Supports Civil Rights


JFK Domestic Policy
New Frontier:


Space Program: (Influenced by Sputnik)



Attempted to overthrow Castro (Communist) , led to
missile crisis
Cuban Missile Crisis:


1st person on the moon (1969), US is supreme in space
race
JFK Foreign Policy
Bay of Pigs:


Space Program, helped economy
Brinkmanship; 13 days, closest US and USSR came to
fighting
Vietnam:

Domino theory: public opinion was negative

Domestic Policies
Student Protests about Vietnam:


Anti-war demonstrations increase, anti-draft sentiments
Great Society:

War on poverty
Foreign Policy

Gulf of Tonkin:


Expands presidential power during war
Vietnam:

Little public support, Thousands were killed

War Powers Act


Watergate Scandal


Easing of tensions between US and USSR
SALT


GOP broke into Democratic headquarters, Nixon gave OK
Détente


Limits power of president to commit troops without consent of
Congress
Limited number of nukes produced by US and USSR
Space Program

Developed Space Shuttle

Nixon’s Pardon:


Amnesty for Draft Dodgers:


Pardoned (forgave) Nixon for breaking law, upset
many Americans
Allowed draft dodgers to return without
punishment
Oil Embargo:

OPEC Embargo, price of oil skyrocketed

***Camp David Accords***


First peace treaty between Israel and an Arab
country (Egypt)
Helps set the stage for future presidents to
promote peace talks in the Middle East

Reaganomics (Supply Side Economics)


Star Wars:


Billions of $ spent on scientific defense system, never
materialized
Iran Contra


Tax breaks for businesses and wealthy, with belief
they will spend money and help economy
US secretly sold weapons to Iran during embargo
Terrorism

Middle East terrorism (Pan Am flight 103) ordered
by Libyan president Gaddafi

Bad Economy:
Economy goes into recession (possibly from
Reaganomics?)
 “Read my lips, no new taxes”


L.A. Race Riots:


Gulf War I:


Rodney King verdict, Dozens die, Billions $ in damages
US and NATO invasion of Iraq because Iraq invaded
Kuwait
Panama:

US invasion of Panama to overthrow the dictator

Health Care:


Economic Prosperity:


Proposed health care plan, failed to gain support
1990s were booming (bull market)
Scandal and Impeachment:
Lied under oath about affair
 Only other president that was impeached?


Middle East:


More peace talks, still no peace
Balkans:

Genocide, US and NATO bombed Meloslovich

Election 2000 Significance:


Tax Cuts:


Creation of Homeland Security and Patriot Act
Gulf War II:


Reaganomics part II
9/11/01


Votes in Florida, goes to Supreme Court, Bush wins
Overthrew Saddam Hussein, alleged connections to
terrorism and WMD’s
Capture of Saddam: