JustusJustus-LiebigLiebigDepartment of Plant Ecology
University
Gieß
Gießen
Environmental Monitoring and Climate Impact Research Station Linden
Linden
[email protected]
An AOT40-based response function for beans
L. Grünhage 1), K.O. Burkey 2), J. Bender 3), G. Soja 4), C. Nali 5), D. Velissariou 6),
Y. Lehmann 1), M. Schröder 1), I. Salmas 6) & E. Kartsonas 6)
1)
Department of Plant Ecology, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 26, 35392 Giessen, Germany
2) USDA-ARS Plant Science Research Unit, 3127 Ligon Street, Raleigh, North Carolina 27607, USA
Institute of Biodiversity, Johann Heinrich von Thünen-Institut (vTI) , Bundesallee 50, 38116 Braunschweig, Germany
4) Environmental Resources and Technologies, AIT Austrian Institute of Technology GmbH, 2444 Seibersdorf, Austria
5) Department of Tree Science, Entomology and Plant Pathology "Giovanni Scaramuzzi", University of Pisa, Italy
6) Plant Physiology Lab, School of Agricultural Technology, Technological Educational Institute of Kalamata, Antikalamos 24 100, Kalamata, Greece
3)
Introduction, objective and methodology
Since 2008, participants of ICP Vegetation have been starting a biomonitoring programme in Europe using ozone-sensitive (S156) and ozone-resistant (R123) genotypes of Phaseolus vulgaris (bush bean) that have been selected at the USDA-ARS Plant Science Unit in Raleigh, North Carolina, USA. Elevated ozone concentrations
lead to foliar injuries as well as to suppressed final pod dry weight in the genotype S156.
The objective of our study was to derive a relationship between S156/R123 ratio for pod dry weight and ozone exposure. The genotypes were cultivated in open-top
chambers in Raleigh in 2000 and 2001 (CF, NF) and in Linden near Giessen in 2008, 2009 and 2010 (CF, NF, NF+, NF++) as well as in ambient air in Linden (20082010), Braunschweig and Pisa (2009), Seibersdorf (2009, 2010) and Kalamata (2010). Since 2008 the plants were cultivated according to the ICP Vegetation experimental protocol.
The time period over which AOT40 was calculated was 28 days. The start of the accumulation period was defined as the date on which 50 % or more of the plants are
flowering. The ozone concentrations measured at a reference height at the experimental sites were transformed to mean exposure height of the bean plants applying the
tabulated ozone gradient for short grasslands published in the Mapping Manual. AOT40 was calculated during daylight hours (global radiation >50 W/m²).
open-top chamber experiments
Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
Linden near Giessen, Germany
• AOT40 response function without the marked data points:
S156/R123 pod dry weight ratio = 1.0133 - 0.07098*AOT40
R2 = 0.987 p < 0.001
• AOT40 response function including the marked data points:
S156/R123 pod dry weight ratio = 1.01642 - 0.07258*AOT40
R2 = 0.928 p < 0.001
ambient air exposures
Linden, Germany
Braunschweig, Germany
Seibersdorf, Austria
Pisa, Italy
Kalamata, Greece
• AOT40 response function based on OTC and ambient data:
S156/R123 pod dry weight ratio = 0.9795 - 0.0689*AOT40
R2 = 0.862 p < 0.001
• Most of ambient data fit quite well to the response function derived from the
open-top chamber studies in Raleigh and Linden.
• Possible explanations for the two outliers:
− Pisa 2009:
too small pot size
− Seibersdorf 2010:
climate conditions
• Possible explanation for the 2010 data from Linden:
− accumulation period from August 16 to September 12
→ reduced detoxification capacity due to "cold" climate conditions
• Possible explanation for the 2010 data from Kalamata:
− reduced detoxification capacity due to "hot" climate conditions