WILD WILD WEST Homesteaders, small towns, outlaws, and lawmen The Western Migration We have already discussed the movement of people to the western parts of the United States for many reasons. Once these people got there they had to make a living and have a place to get supplies and such, so small towns began to spring up. These towns would usually have a store or two, a saloon, a bank, and some kind of post office or telegraph office. Who went west Ranchers Homesteaders Gold Seekers Miners Ranchers A rancher is someone who raises cattle for a living These cattle were raised for meat, and leather What is a ranch A ranch is simply a place for cattle to live. The more cows the more room you need Little ranches need extra grain and such, but most ranches had free range cattle. These free range ranches were huge. Free Range On a free range ranch cattle are simply turned loose. There is a network of barbed wire fences, but the cattle are simply allowed to roam anywhere they want. This still goes on in many areas of central and southern Utah. Cattle are branded to keep track of which cow belongs to who. Homesteaders A homestead is a plot of land where people would move in. They would build a house and a barn. They would raise a few animals and raise crops on a small farm. These guys were called Subsistence Farmers. Subsistence Farmer Subsistence means enough to keep you alive. A subsistence farmer raises just enough crops and animals to support his family. There might be a little left over that would be sold. There are still many places in the world where people are subsistence farmers. Hard Work Until tractors and machinery were invented in the early 1900s farming was a ton of work. Farming was limited to the amount of land a farmer could work, and that usually wasn’t very much. Clashing with the Ranchers Sure, homesteads were rather small, but get 10 or 15 in an area and they would take up a lot of room. The land was needed for the free range cattle, so all of this land being taken up was troubling to the ranchers. It wasn’t easy for homesteaders to just up an leave, so something had to be done. The clash The ranchers would try to buy their land, buy all the land around them and force them off, make a deal, or hire gunmen to scare them away or even attack them. There are a number of stories of ranchers hiring outlaws to scare the farmers away. These have been made in to many “Western Movies” Gold Seekers We have already talked about the Gold Rush in California, and that is one of the most famous, but there were others. Right around 1900 many went off to Alaska in search of gold, and thousands froze to death. Gold Rushes There were many other gold rushes. The area around Reno Nevada was also loaded with Silver. Silver is not worth as much as gold. But there was so much of it that more money was made in Nevada Silver than in California gold. Black Gold As cars and machinery started to be invented men started to turn to oil for fuel. When oil was discovered and people started to realize its potential many tried to find it too. A lot of oil was discovered in Texas and Central California, and people got rich that way too. Miners As people started to explore the west they realized that there was gold, silver, oil, and such all over the place. They also realized that gold and silver were not the only things that could make them rich. There were other things like copper, magnesium, topaz, and many other things. Mines It seemed like just about every hill or mountain had something in it worth digging out. In fact there are so many mines in the west that if you know where to look you can easily find them. There are upwards of 10,000 mines in Utah alone So where are these mines One mine in Utah is world famous as one of the biggest man-dug holes in the world. If you spend much time looking around the mountain ranges in Utah (especially the west desert) you will find hundreds of mines all over the place. The vast majority were deserted once the money making was all gone. What it was like to be a miner Often times the mine owner was the only one who ever got rich (and a lot of the time, even he didn’t). The workers often moved from mine to mine following the money They were a wild bunch and mining towns were often very dangerous places. Corrine, Utah was one town that had a really bad reputation back then. A few words of warning. Most of the mines in this area were closed off or deliberately destroyed. If you go up camping in a campsite near here you probably won’t find any. The places where lots of people like to go have been made safe from mines. But if you go out into the more remote areas of Utah you can find them all over. So why were they sealed? Warning? A mine is not a good place to go exploring. Even if you have good equipment it is not a good idea. Mines have vertical shafts that may drop hundreds or even thousands of feet. Mines have caved in tunnels, or tunnels that could cave in at any moment. Mines may have unused explosives or dangerous and rotting equipment. Many mines have flooded tunnels or tunnels that could flood if it rains on the surface. Low hanging rocks, maze-like passageways, trapped pockets of explosive methane gas, low oxygen levels. It has been said that there are a thousand ways to die in a mine. The Warning There are so many mines, that many were forgotten about. Utah and other states don’t even know where they all were, so they came up with a slogan for “would be explorers” to remember when they find an abandoned mine. Stay out, stay alive. This calls for a story Josh Dennis On Friday September 22nd 1989 a group of boy scouts from West Valley City were camping in the mountains near Tooele Utah. They had brought flashlights, ropes, and other equipment along with a map to go exploring in the Hidden Treasure Mine. Josh (who had a hard time seeing clearly) felt a little claustrophobic after being in the mine for a few minutes. His Dad asked him if he would like to go out. After a few minutes catching his breath Josh decided to go on. He told his dad that he was going to go with a few of his friends. Josh’s dad then said ok, and continued on with the group he was leading. Josh turned to follow his friends down another tunnel. Josh Gets lost Josh could not see well, so when he realized his friends were too far away to catch up to, he tried to go back to his dad, but couldn’t find him. He followed the light from his friends, but his calls for them to wait were not heard. Eventually they turned a corner, and the light disappeared. Josh found himself alone. He estimated later that he walked for a few hours in the pitch blackness trying to find his way out on his own. Eventually he remembered to stay put and wait for help to come to him. Outside After everyone came out of the mine, they realized that Josh was nowhere to be found. The adults told the kids to stay out of the mine, then they went in to search it as best they could. They searched all night, but by morning, had not found him. They put in a call for help. Soon the mine was crawling with people. A man by the name of John Skinner heard the news and wanted to help. His dad had been the superintendent of the mine, and John had grown up roaming the mine. He went up to offer his help, but was told that no one was allowed up except for family members and the search and rescue personnel. John drove up another canyon to another mine he knew connected into the Hidden Treasure Mine, but the passageway that connected the two had caved in, so he had to turn back. By Tuesday The entire mine had been searched top and bottom. Each expedition had taken a different color ribbon to help the searchers know where they had searched. They were sure that they had searched every square inch, and no Josh. They turned their attention to searching the rest of the area around the mine thinking he might have made it out of the mine at another entrance and had simply gotten lost in the mountains. They also worried that maybe he had met with some kind of foul play or maybe been kidnapped. John Skinner tried again on Tuesday to offer his help. He was again turned away, but he had been so adamant about helping that the police threatened to escort him off of the mountain. Wednesday (5 days later) It was announced that Wednesday would be the last day of the search and the mine was going to be sealed up. John Skinner decided that no one was going to keep him out of that mine. He drove to the road that led to the mine. He found a search and rescue worker and began asking specific questions about very detailed places in the mine. The search and rescue crew realized that John was no ordinary civilian. They recognized that he must know the mine like the back of his hand so they took him up to the mine for the last day of searching. John had a few ideas where he thought the boy might have gotten lost, and sure enough at the last spot they heard a very faint cry for help. Josh had not heard the searchers who actually passed very close to him, but just happened to see this group’s light. Found after 5 days Josh was very weak and near death. When they found him he was clutching two rocks that he insisted were hamburgers. He was severely dehydrated. His feet had gotten wet and he was suffering from hypothermia and frostbite because the mine was near freezing inside. Josh learned an important lesson, one that you might do well to remember one day if you ever encounter an open mine shaft… Stay out, stay alive The Native Americans Unfortunately for all of the people moving west there were already people there. The Native Americans had no problem with a few people passing through, but they had issues with the thousands who wanted to stay. Alien Invasion Most of you have seen an alien invasion movie, there are a lot of them. Well Native Americans lived a true alien invasion. The aliens were not little green men from another planet arriving in flying saucers. Instead they were big white men from the other side of this planet arriving in ships and wagons. Every other plot point from a good alien invasion flick really happened. Defending their land, family, and way of life The Indians had never considered the idea of land ownership. The notion of making land private was crazy to them. The white men came in, built homes, then built fences to lay claim to their little chunk of land, and the Indians were slowly cut off from their homelands. Fighting Back The Native Americans began to fight back by attacking the white men. At first they would only attack forts and military groups, but they started to target migrant Americans. Many small groups were attacked, and sure some scalps were taken, but the white men had better weapons and they also had the numbers. Just like if humans were ever attacked by aliens, our only real hope would be if they wanted to be peaceful and not kill us. Manifest Destiny If you remember the idea of Manifest Destiny it said that Americans were destined to spread all the way across the continent to the Pacific Ocean. No one knew what to do with the Natives. After a while an idea was presented to relocate the Indians onto reservations. The Reservation Question Whether or not it was right the Indians were forced to move from their homelands onto lands set aside by the government. Of course we were not going to give them the nice lands where farming was easy and white people wanted to live. They were given the remote and waterless deserts. The rugged mountains. The stinky swamps. The Cavalry Of course most of the Indians did not want to be forced onto new lands. They also continued to attack white settlers and military forts. The government created a group of soldiers to travel on horse, back and forth across the country. The Fight The cavalry would find and fight the Indians. They would drive them to the reservations and attempt to force them to stay there. They would also try to protect the wagon trains and the settlers, but neither side was perfect all the time. The bottom line Indians had spears, bows, arrows, knives, and horses. White Americans had guns, cannons, machines, and war experience. Who was going to win this one? Clashes with the natives The Cherokee Geronimo The Nez Perce Sand Creek Wounded Knee Crazy Horse and Custer Cherokee The Cherokee lived in South Carolina and Georgia. Many of the other tribes along the East Coast had been pushed off of their lands, and many had suffered from sickness, disease and wars. The Cherokee were forced to move by the government. President Jackson said that they were being moved for their own good The Trail of Tears The Cherokee tried to fight, but had a hard time. They were forced to move all the way to eastern Oklahoma (about 1,000 miles) Many died along the way, and many more died when they arrived in Oklahoma. Nez Perce We first met the Nez Perce when the saved Lewis and Clark’s expedition. Now the grandchildren of those same natives are going to get their “reward.” They were to be relocated to a place in Idaho off of their home lands on the snake river plain. One group of Nez Perce Indians, led by chief Joseph, led a very successful tactical fight against the cavalry as the group attempted to fight their way into Canada Nez Perce The Nez Perce fought bravely but retreated back 1,200 miles into Northeastern Montana. Eventually so many had been killed that Chief Joseph decided that he needed to stop fighting and seek to negotiate. The Surrender One night Chief Joseph got what was left of his tribe together and told them… “Tell General Howard I know his heart. What he told me before, I have it in my heart. I am tired of fighting. Our chiefs are killed; Looking Glass is dead, Too-hul-hul-sote is dead. The old men are all dead. It is the young men who say yes or no. He who led on the young men is dead. It is cold, and we have no blankets; the little children are freezing to death. My people, some of them, have run away to the hills, and have no blankets, no food. No one knows where they are—perhaps freezing to death. I want to have time to look for my children, and see how many of them I can find. Maybe I shall find them among the dead. Hear me, my chiefs! I am tired; my heart is sick and sad. From where the sun now stands, I will fight no more forever."[3] Going Home? Even when the fight was over Chief Joseph negotiated to take his tribe back home to the Wallowa Valley where they were from. His group was assigned to a reservation in Idaho, but not on their homeland The Red Napolean Chief Joseph became a humanitarian and an activist for rights of the oppressed. He sought to visit his homeland before he died, but was never allowed before he died in 1904. General William Tecumseh Sherman (March to the sea guy) called him the Red Napolean. The Indians did not always lose. There were plenty of times when the Indians would get lucky enough to outnumber the white people and win the battle. One famous battle was the Battle of Little Bighorn. The Indians were led by a guy named Crazy Horse, and the Cavalry was led by George Custer Custer Custer really wanted to win the battle against the Indians he wanted to get a big win and become a famous general. Even though he was outnumbered he followed the Indians into unknown lands in the Black Hills. Crazy Horse Crazy Horse had spent quite a bit of time around White Men He had also been involved in many battles. He knew how to plan, and he knew how to fight. He was very careful to not reveal his numbers to the Cavalry, and he used to parallel hills to surround them without them knowing it. Cut in two The Indians charged into Cavalry and separated them into two groups. The Indians then poured over the mountains and made their attack. The Cavalry was decimated and Custer was killed. Geronimo You might have yelled his name when making a big jump, but Geronimo was a chief in the Apache nation. His fight was first with the Mexicans when they massacred a large number of his fellow Apaches. Much of his fights were against Mexican troops who wanted to wipe out the Apaches. As leader of the Apache nation his attacks shifted towards America as the became the more powerful force in his area. Geronimo Geronimo became legendary for his daring (some would say suicidal) attacks when outnumbered and outgunned. He also had a gift for up and “disappearing” when being pursued. Legends said that he was invincible, but in 1886 he surrendered to American Troops after being relentlessly pursued. Geronimo’s later life Geronimo was sent to a reservation. His desire until his dying day was to go back to his homeland. He never got his wish. He at first embraced the white man’s way, but eventually found that he missed the old life and said that he regretted his surrender and wished to have died as a warrior. He did tour around for a while with some “Wild West” shows. When the cavalry left Sometimes the cavalry was a blessing in disguise for the Native Americans. The official troops often times enforced unfair laws, but they also kept the peace. One Indian battle in the year 1864 showed what the white men were really capable of. The actual cavalry troops were all off fighting in the civil war. The Sand Creek Massacre – lead up Originally the Cheyenne and Arapaho nation were given the lands between the Platte River and Arkansas River from the rocky mountains out to Kansas. Then they found gold in Colorado and a few years later the Indians signed a treaty that limited them to a tiny chunk of Southeastern Colorado. Many of the Indians did not like this treaty and refused to live by it, so there was some violence. Colorado Militia With the most of the government soldiers gone fighting the civil war, Colorado was left with mostly militia to fights its battles. They were led by a US Army Colonel named John Chivington. He was a godfearing, slavery hating guy. Unfortunately he also had a “the only good indian, is a dead indian” attitude. He was dedicated to the eradication of Indians by whatever means necessary. The massacre With the Cheyenne and Arapaho Indians causing a few problems Chivington decided it was time to teach them a lesson. He received a report of a camp of indians with about 100 people in it. He decided to move against it with his full might. When they arrived at the camp this is what they found. ------------------------------------------- The camp was led by a chief named Black Kettle. He was very peaceful. Black Kettle had reported to the nearby fort, and gotten permission to let his people camp at this place along the creek. He even had an American flag flying over his lodge. None of the “bad indians” were in this camp. The had already been checked out by another group of soldiers. They had been promised that they would be left in peace, so most of the warriors were off hunting buffalo. Only about 60 people were in the camp and most of them were women and children. Chivington attacks anyway Chivington undoubtedly knew that he was looking at a peaceful Indian village that was not responsible for any of the recent violence, he should have taken his men and gone home. Instead he decided to attack anyway. As the attacked started the Indians banded together into a little group. They sent out a 6 year old girl with a white flag. The soldiers shot the girl at least four times, and continued their attack. What the men had to say I saw the bodies of those lying there cut all to pieces, worse mutilated than any I ever saw before; the women cut all to pieces ... With knives; scalped; their brains knocked out; children two or three months old; all ages lying there, from… infants up to warriors ... By whom were they mutilated? By the United States troops ... —- John S. Smith, Congressional Testimony of Mr. John S. Smith, 1865 Fingers and ears were cut off the bodies for the jewelry they carried. The body of White Antelope, lying solitarily in the creek bed, was a prime target. Besides scalping him the soldiers cut off his nose, and ears. -- Stan Hoig Jis to think of that dog Chivington and his dirty hounds, up thar at Sand Creek. His men shot down squaws, and blew the brains out of little innocent children. You call sich soldiers Christians, do ye? And Indians savages? What der yer 'spose our Heavenly Father, who made both them and us, thinks of these things? I tell you what, I don't like a hostile red skin any more than you do. And when they are hostile, I've fought 'em, hard as any man. But I never yet drew a bead on a squaw or papoose, and I despise the man who would. —- Kit Carson Wounded Knee One Indian leader named Sitting Bull led a number of fights against the American Army. For a while he was forced to run to Canada to stay out of trouble. He eventually surrendered to troops and moved to the reservation. He even toured around in wild west shows. On the reservation a new religion that blended ancient Indian beliefs with newer Christian beliefs had started up called Ghost Dance. Ghost Dance The new Ghost Dance religion had as a belief that White Expansion would be stopped by a divine being as long as the Indians led clean lives. This new belief among a potential enemy was not really tolerated by the American Government because it meant that the Indians would one day win. The problem was exacerbated by some Indians who were a little impatient with waiting for the “Great Spirit” to get rid of the whites. Sitting Bull is killed Sitting Bull was in camp at a place called Wounded Knee Creek. The army was worried that he was going to lead the Ghost Dancers off of the reservation to get into some mischief. An order was issued to arrest Sitting Bull. The men went to his house early in the morning and many other Indians in camp rushed to help the chief. A close quarters shoot-out erupted and many Indians and soldiers were killed, but the worst was yet to come. On lock-down Fear spread amongst the military that the Indians might try to get revenge for the death of Sitting Bull. More troops were called in and they brought cannons. The camp was surrounded and everything stayed peaceful for a few days. About two weeks after Sitting Bull was killed the Indians were getting restless and the Army was worried so the soldiers were sent in to disarm the Sioux Indians. Massacre Exactly how it happened, nobody knows, but gunfire erupted in the camp. One story cites an old Indian warrior who was nearly blind and deaf who did not want to give up his rifle because “it had cost a lot.” The soldiers were called back, but their commanding officers did not wait. The cannons began shooting. When the smoke cleared Cannons blazed and rifles fired. The LakotaSioux who were surrounded had nowhere to go and many died. When it was over 150+ men, women, and children were dead in the Lakota-Sioux camp. In addition 31 soldiers were killed mostly by friendly fire. Eye-Witness accounts Black Elk (1863–1950); medicine man, Oglala Lakota: "I did not know then how much was ended. When I look back now from this high hill of my old age, I can still see the butchered women and children lying heaped and scattered all along the crooked gulch as plain as when I saw them with eyes young. And I can see that something else died there in the bloody mud, and was buried in the blizzard. A people's dream died there. It was a beautiful dream . . . . the nation's hoop is broken and scattered. There is no center any longer, and the sacred tree is dead." (Source: Black Elk Speaks, c. 1932) American Horse (1840–1908); Chief, Oglala Lakota: "There was a woman with an infant in her arms who was killed as she almost touched the flag of truce... The women as they were fleeing with their babies were killed together, shot right through...and after most all of them had been killed a cry was made that all those who were not killed or wounded should come forth and they would be safe. Little boys...came out of their places of refuge, and as soon as they came in sight a number of soldiers surrounded them and butchered them there.“ Edward S. Godfrey; Captain; commanded Co. D of the Seventh Cavalry: "I know the men did not aim deliberately and they were greatly excited. I don't believe they saw their sights. They fired rapidly but it seemed to me only a few seconds till there was not a living thing before us; warriors, squaws, children, ponies, and dogs...went down before that unaimed fire." Hugh McGinnis; First Battalion, Co. K, Seventh Cavalry: General Nelson A. Miles who visited the scene of carnage, following a three day blizzard, estimated that around 300 snow shrouded forms were strewn over the countryside. He also discovered to his horror that helpless children and women with babes in their arms had been chased as far as two miles from the original scene of encounter and cut down without mercy by the troopers. ... Judging by the slaughter on the battlefield it was suggested that the soldiers simply went berserk. For who could explain such a merciless disregard for life?... As I see it the battle was more or less a matter of spontaneous combustion, sparked by mutual distrust.... Growing Pains All in all, the Americans moving west had a tough time. There was a lot of work to be done. People fought continually, and life was anything but easy. Nowhere is this easier to see than with the American Outlaws. Outlaws We’ve already talked a little bit about outlaws that came from the civil war like Jesse James, but there are many more outlaws that existed in the old west. Names like Billy the Kid, Wyatt Earp, Butch Cassidy, and many others still hold a place in our memory 100 years later. Billy the Kid (Henry McCarty) Said to have killed 21 men. Was great with a gun Could be “right friendly sometimes” He fought in the Lincoln County war in Lincoln County New Mexico. A fight between a corrupt shop owner and some ranchers. Billy Billy claimed to kill 21 men in the war, and was sought by the law as a murderer. If he had not bragged about his exploits he probably would have been forgiven instead many people wanted to capture him and he had many gun fights with bounty hunters and law-men. To make a living he was forced to turn to robbery. He was ambushed by Lawman Pat Garret and was killed at the age of 21. Wyatt Earp Had a rough life as a law-man. Rumors abound that he was rather corrupt, but liked to be on the “right side of the law.” He had been employed in Wild Dodge City Kansas, but became famous for his work in Tombstone Arizona. While in Tombstone there were a number of Cowboys who were causing trouble in town. A few people had been harrassed and there had even been a shooting or two. Get out of town Lawman Wyatt Earp commanded the group of cowboys (called the Clanton Gang) to leave town or else. They refused to leave town, and when the deadline passed they were found hanging around a horse pen called the OK corral. Wyatt Earp called on two of his Brothers and a friend known as Doc Holliday to join as deputies and go down to drive the Clanton gang out of town. Gunfight at the OK Corral What happened at the Corral has become American Legend. The Clantons decidedly lost the shootout. The Earps and Doc Holliday were considered heroes, but many questions began to crop up about whether the fight had been fair, and whether it had even been necessary. Earp Vendetta Over the next few weeks the Earps were investigated for their part in the fight. They were judged to be justified in the killing of the 3 cowboys who died. Some of the old gang decided to get even. Wyatt’s two brothers were killed. Wyatt Earp and his friend Doc Holliday then went on a “whirlwind adventure” to track down and kill all of the people they thought had been involved in the killing of the Earp brothers Butch Cassidy AKA LeRoy Parker He is everybody’s favorite around here because he was born in Utah. He started as an outlaw when he went to the store to buy some pants. The store was closed, so he broke in, took what he needed, and left a note saying he would pay the next time he came to the store. The store owner pressed charges, but Cassidy was acquitted. Colorado and Wyoming Butch bought some land in Wyoming and began to settle down with a girl-friend. While in Wyoming he was doing some illegal racketeering and stealing horses. He was arrested and went to prison. After Prison After he got out of prison Cassidy formed a group of outlaws to commit crimes with. They robbed stagecoaches, banks, trains, and many other places where they knew they could get money. They were very good at stalking their prey, realizing where huge amounts of cash would be and then stealing the money. Robber’s Roost Every time Cassidy and his Wild Bunch robbed a bank or a stagecoach or whatever, they would return to the Robber’s Roost. The Robber’s Roost is in a canyon near Hanksville Utah. The Canyon is about 50-100 feet deep carved into flat desert. The canyon he hid in was off of another canyon which was off of another canyon. In other words it was a maze and only his gang knew where the hideout was. Lets “google earth” it Robber’s Roost This was a great place to hide because it was a maze of canyons. It was easy to defend because there were hiding places all over and an army could walk right past you while you hid behind a rock. If you were discovered you could easily fight off anyone who didn’t know their way around the canyon. So What Happened to him Cassidy pulled down too much heat. Some of his gang turned against him and he left the country to enjoy the rest of his life where the law couldn’t touch him. Unfortunately he couldn’t resist the urge to rob banks and anything else he could. There are many stories all over South America of white bandits robbing banks and the descriptions fit Cassidy Cassidy’s End No one knows exactly what happened to Butch Cassidy. There are a number of bankers, police forces, and armies who take credit for having killed him in 6 different countries in S. America. He is confirmed to have pulled one huge heist in Argentina where he got away with $600,000. He was most likely killed in one of the robberies, but he might also have found a way to retire and stop killing and stealing money. Forget Pirates, landlubbers buried gold too! In 1863 an outlaw named Ed Long robbed a stagecoach in Portneuf Canyon in Idaho. The man got away with $100,000, but a posse went after him. Desperate to hide he ran to a well known, but easy to hide in landmark called the “Silent City of Rocks” Hiding the loot, keeping the secret Long hid his loot, and to his dying day, never told anyone where exactly he had buried his treasure. A year later another stagecoach was robbed in exactly the same place, and again the robbers were pursued to the city. They were captured, but never told where in the rocks the money was hidden. Other hold-ups The entire area became known as hell’s half acre. Many robbers held up stage coaches in the area, and then claimed to have hidden their loot in the city. Many have gone to search for these, perhaps half dozen, treasures. None of the treasures have ever been found. Why was it such a good hiding place? City of Rocks is spread out over about 10 square miles. It is a huge field on a mountainside. All along the field and mountainside are huge boulders. Some are as much as 500 hundred feet tall. In some places hundreds of boulders are scattered about on top of each other. The rocks are full of cracks and holes. How they knew about it. The City of Rocks was along the old California trail. One rock called Register Rock has names of people who wrote on it as they passed through about 150 years ago. In other places the wagon wheels carved ruts into the rocks that are still there today. City of Rocks City or Rocks City of Rocks Why are you telling us this Mr. Ericksen The City of Rocks is one of my favorite places. The City can be reached with only about 2 hours travel time from here. Whether you want to search for gold or just enjoy a VERY quiet camping trip, it is an awesome place.
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