Warm-up Critical thinking journaling question #1: • Illustrate what a plant looks like when it has adequate water and sunlight. • Illustrate what a plant looks like when it does not have adequate water and sunlight. • Describe what happens to the cells that causes the different appearance in the organism. Learning Target: • I can describe the interactions that occur among systems that perform the function of transport in plants. • I can demonstrate this by predicting how nutrients move through the celery stalk when placed in different colored liquids. PLANT STRUCTURE •dermal tissue – outer covering of a plant •consists of a single layer of epidermal cells •cuticle - thick waxy coating, protects against water loss and injury ∙vascular tissue – tissues that transport materials (H20, nutrients and other dissolved materials) from one part to another, even against the force of gravity ❑ - xylem – a transport subsystem that carries H2O upward from the roots to every part of a plant ❑ - phloem – vascular tissue that transports solutions of nutrients and carbohydrates produced by photosynthesis from leaves to the rest of the plant ❑ - lignin – a substance that makes cell walls rigid and enables vascular plants to grow upright and reach great heights How does xylem move water? • The xylem uses the process of capillary action to move water from the roots to the leaves. • Cohesion - water bonding to other water molecules • Adhesion - water bonding to the plant tissue ✓Vascular tissue (xylem and phloem) ∙ground tissue – cells that lie between dermal and vascular tissues • - parenchyma – thin cell walls and large central vacuoles, packed with chloroplasts for photosynthesis • - collenchyma – strong, flexible cell walls that help support larger plants • - sclerenchyma – thick, rigid cell walls that make ground tissue tough and strong ∙roots – plant organ that absorbs H2O and dissolved nutrients from the soil; anchors plant, and protects from harmful soil bacteria and fungi ✓Root Structure •epidermis (outside cell layer) •cortex (transport tissue) •endodermis (innermost layer, forms waterproof seal around vascular tissue) Types of roots: ➢ - taproot – primary root of a plant that grows long and thick while secondary roots remain small (found mainly in dicots) ➢ - fibrous roots – root branches so that no single root grows larger than the rest; prevents topsoil from being washed away (found mainly in monocots) ∙stems – provides structural support and contains tissues for transport • - produce leaves, branches and flowers • - hold leaves up to the sunlight • - transport substances between roots and leaves • - vascular bundles scattered throughout the stem in monocots, or arranged in an organized, ringlike pattern in dicots ✓Example of stems: •woody stems (bark) – made of phloem, corky layer that protects ∙leaf – broad, flat plant organ that traps light energy for photosynthesis, and contain subsystems to protect against water loss ✓Leaves •mesophyll (photosynthetic tissue) • - blades – thin, flattened section attached to the stem by a thin stalk called a petiole • - stomata - porelike openings on leaf’s underside that allow CO2 and O2 to diffuse in and out of the leaf • - guard cells –set of 2 cells that surround and control the size and opening of a stomata; responds to changes in water pressure • - transpiration – loss of water from leaves by evaporation – transpiration – loss of water from leaves by evaporation How might environmental factors such as temperature effect the water levels in the plant? How would the plant compensate for this change? Cotyledons – first leaf, or pair of leaves, produced by the embryo of a seed plant ✓Monocot (1 seed leaf) ✓Dicot (2 seed leaves) Embryo – plant organism at an early stage of growth and development DIFFERENCES How does the transport system interact with the reproductive system? The reproductive system requires nutrients to complete its processes. The nutrients are brought to the reproductive organs using the transport system. Putting it all together…..
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