WARREN G. HARDING
29th President, served with a focus on peace abroad and
prosperity at home.
ASSEMBLY LINE
Manufacturing using a conveyor belt to move
materials to workers who stay in one place to work.
INSTALLMENT BUYING
Paying for items in small monthly payments.
TEAPOT DOME SCANDAL
Corruption by a Harding cabinet member, who took
bribes to allow oil drilling on public lands.
CALVIN COOLIDGE
30th president, served with a pro-business aim.
LAISSEZ-FAIRE ECONOMICS
Theory that business, if free of government
regulation, will act in ways that benefit the
nation.
HARDING AND THE “RETURN TO NORMALCY”
1) Harding promised to make America normal again. This
appealed to people after World War I
2) Harding’s cabinet was a mix batch. He had some really
excellent people working for him, and he had some
unqualified or corrupt buddies working with him.
3) Harding’s friends back in Ohio were known as the
“Ohio Gang” and they used their government positions to
make money illegally.
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4) The worst scandal was called the Teapot Dome Scandal.
Albert Fall took bribes and made illegal deals with oil
executives to drill on oil-rich government land in Teapot
Dome, Wyoming.
5) There were other rumors of corruption and Harding was
alarmed. He went on a speaking tour in 1923 and learned
about even more scandals.
6) He died while on the speaking tour, Americans mourned
his death, but were shocked when the scandals became
public.
COOLIDGE TAKES OVER
1) Vice President Calvin Coolidge became president when
Harding died.
2) Coolidge worked quickly to clean up the scandals.
3) Coolidge was elected president in 1924 after taking
over for Harding.
4) He believed in laissez faire which meant that businesses,
if left unregulated by the government, would act in a way
that would benefit the nation.
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5) Coolidge also believed that it was not the government’s
job to help people with social and economic problems.
6) Coolidge was an isolationist. He believed that the
United States should stay out of other nations’ affairs
except in self defense.
7) Coolidge’s major peace effort was the Kellogg-Briand
Pact of 1928
8) This pact was signed by 15 nations who pledged not to
make war against one another except in self-defense.
TECHNOLOGY CHANGES AMERICAN LIFE
1) The economy was booming in the 1920s
2) Part of the “roar” in the Roaring Twenties was the
growth in the nation’s wealth.
3) The average annual income per person rose more than
35 percent during the period- from $522 to $716.
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4) Automobiles had the greatest impact on life during the
1920s
5) In 1920, Ford produced more than a million
automobiles, one per minute. Each car cost $335.
6) Ford used an assembly line to speed up production and
lower costs and prices.
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7) Other advances in technology improved life. New
machines turned out products faster and cheaper.
8) Some consumers used credit and paid for purchases
through installment buying.
9) Fuel became cheap too. Petroleum and electricity
became widely available which made life easier and led
to new inventions like the vacuum cleaner, washers, sewing
machines, toasters, and fans.
THE AIR AGE BEGINS
1) the 1920s also marked the beginning of the air age.
2) Former military pilots from WWI worked as stunt fliers
and flight instructors.
3) The Post Office began air mail service.
4) Transatlantic flights by Charles Lindbergh and Amelia
Earhart helped promote commercial air transportation.
5) Pan American Airways became the nation’s first
passenger airline.
QUESTIONS
1) How did corruption affect the Harding administration?
2) How do you think new technology helped businesses
grow during the 1920’s?
1) COOLIDGE BELIEVED THAT THE GOVERNMENT
SHOULD
A) leave business alone
B) engage in war
C) help farmers
D) raise taxes
2) WHAT DID CONSUMERS RELY ON TO PAY FOR SUCH
PRODUCTS AS AUTOMOBILES IN THE 1920S?
A) savings
B) investments
C) weekly wages
D) credit
3) WARREN G. HARDING'S PRESIDENCY WAS
LARGELY RUINED BY
A) World War I
B) high tariffs
C) corruption in his cabinet
D) the return of business monopolies
4) THE GREATEST IMPACT ON LIFE DURING THE
1920S WAS..
A) World War I
B) The Great Depression
C) Air Travel
D) The automobile
5) HARDING WON THE ELECTION IN 1920 BY A
LANDSLIDE BECAUSE…
A) He promised to return America to normalcy
B) Calvin Coolidge was his running mate
C) Wilson hand picked Harding
D) The media loved Harding and talked about him
constantly
FLAPPER
A young woman eager to try the latest fashion,
dance, or fad.
POPULAR CULTURE
Movies, fashions, songs, slang, and other expressions
of culture that appeal to many people.
PROHIBITION
Legal ban on alcohol imposed by the Eighteenth
Amendment.
AL CAPONE
The most ruthless crime boss of the era. He lived in
Chicago.
SPEAKEASIES
Nightclubs that illegally served alcohol.
YOUTH IN THE ROARING TWENTIES
1) Young people as a group rebelled against the
values of the past and the authority of their elders.
2) The under-25 generation wanted fun and
freedom, they also wanted to experiment with new
fashions, attitudes, and ways of behavior.
3) Young people stayed in school longer, college,
wore daring new clothes, silly fads, and
participated in new songs and dances.
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4) Men wore extra wide floppy pants and slicked
their hair down close to the head.
5) Women wore a shorter hairstyle called a bob to
match a shorter dress that they wore.
6) The Charleston was a favorite dance, dance
marathons became the rage.
7) Other fads included crossword puzzles, mahjongg, and flagpole sitting.
NEW ROLES FOR WOMEN
1) The symbol of the 1920s American Woman was the
flapper.
2) Flappers often wore bobbed hair, makeup, and dresses
that fell to just below the knee.
3) Women had more personal freedom, they drove cars,
played sports, went to college, and took jobs.
4) Women could now vote and many even ran for political
office.
PROHIBITION AND LAWLESSNESS
1) The 18th amendment went into effect in 1920
(prohibition).
2) Saloons were forced to close their doors, but some
Americans did not consider drinking harmful or sinful.
3) People that wanted to drink found a way. Illegal
nightclubs called speakeasies sold liquor.
4) People called bootleggers made a living transporting
and selling alcohol.
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5) Organized crime grew in nearly every major city. The
most ruthless crime boss was Al Capone in Chicago.
6) Al Capone had a private army of 700 criminals and
took control of over 10,000 speakeasies.
7) People saw prohibition as a failure and it was repealed
in 1933 by the 21st Amendment.
1) WOMEN IN THE 1920S HAD
) less personal freedom
B) new job opportunities
C) widespread political power
D) no educational choices
A
2) HOW DID THE 19TH AMENDMENT CHANGE
WOMEN'S LIVES IN THE 1920S?
A) Women were able to vote for the first time.
B) Women were able to enroll in colleges for the
first time.
C) Women were able to become doctors for the first
time.
D) Women were able to join the military for the first
time.
3) WHAT WAS THE MOST INFLUENTIAL FORM OF
MASS MEDIA IN THE 1920S?
A) the movies
B) television
C) radio
D) vaudeville
4) PROHIBITION ENDED WHEN
A) Congress passed an anti-prohibition law
B) bootleggers opened speakeasies
C) it was repealed by the 21st Amendment
D) the Supreme Court declared it
unconstitutional
5) THE HARLEM RENAISSANCE WAS UNIQUE
BECAUSE IT
A) took place in New York
B) gave hope to the Lost Generation
C) satisfied a yearning for heroes
D) gave expression to African-American
culture
JAZZ AGE
Name for the 1920s, because of the popularity of
jazz—a new type of American music that combined
African rhythms, blues, and ragtime.
MASS MEDIA
Communications that reach a large audience.
HARLEM RENAISSANCE
A burst of African-American culture in the 1920s and 1930s.
LANGSTON HUGHES
Harlem Renaissance poet
MORE LEISURE TIME FOR AMERICANS
1) Appliances and shorter working hours gave
Americans more leisure time.
2) Higher wages also gave them money to spend on
leisure activities.
3) People went to movies, museums, and public
libraries.
4) Americans spent about $4 billion on
entertainment– a 100 percent jump in a decade.
MASS MEDIA AND POPULAR CULTURE
1) New types of mass media, radio and movies.
2) The first commercial radio broadcast took place
in 1920 and soon others began to emerge.
3) Americans were better informed than before and
listening to the same radio programs united the
nation.
4) Movies gave people an escape into worlds of
glamour and excitement.
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5) Movies also spread American popular culture to
Europe.
6) Most films were silent (think Charlie Chaplin), but
The Jazz Singer introduced sound in 1927.
7) Walt Disney’s cartoon Steamboat Willie,
featuring Mickey Mouse was introduced in 1928
with sound and within a few years all movies had
sound and talking.
A SEARCH FOR HEROES
1) Another leisure activity was watching sports and
listening to them on the radio.
2) baseball, football, hockey, golf, tennis, and boxing saw
a rise in attendance. The biggest one was boxing.
3) People went to these sporting events after being able
to hear about them on the radio.
4) Sports figures became heroes because they captured
the rag to riches story.
THE HARLEM RENAISSANCE
1) Military service and work in war industries gave African
Americans a new sense of freedom.
2) New York became the unofficial capital of black
America. Harlem became the world’s largest black urban
community.
3) The migrants from the South brought new ideas and new
music. Jazz!
4) Harlem produced a burst of African-American cultural
activity, Harlem Renaissance.
5) It was called a renaissance because it symbolized a
rebirth of hope for African Americans.