1.
What is a fossil?
2.
In the picture, which one would be the youngest rock layer? The oldest layer?
3.
Why is radioactive dating a very accurate way of estimating the actual age of a fossil? (Why can we
use the rate of decay?)
4.
What type of cells were probably the first on Earth?
Topic
Geology
Homologous
Structures
Analogous
Structures
Vestigial
Structures
Embryology
Similarities in
Macromolecules
H-W
Equilibrium
Definition
Example
It provides evidence for:
5.
Define gene pool.
6.
What is the purpose of calculating Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium?
7.
Are the conditions for Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium possible in nature?
8.
If the conditions of Hardy-Weinberg are met, then evolution (will / will not) occur.
Radioactive Dating Practice
9. The half-life of Carbon 14 is 5730 years. It decays in Nitrogen 14. (SHOW ALL WORK)
a. How old is the sample if ½ of the C-14 remains?
b.
How old is the sample if 1/8 of the C-14 remains?
c.
How old is a sample if it is made of 3 parts C-14 and 9 parts N-14?
d.
How old is a sample if it is made of 4 parts C-14 and 60 parts N-14?
Macroevolution Test Review
Biology (76 pts)
Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium (2 pts each)
Using the following equations, answer the questions below:
p+q=1
p= frequency of the dominant allele
q= frequency of the recessive allele
p2 + 2pq+ q2 = 1
p2= frequency of homozygous dominant individuals
2pq= frequency of heterozygous individuals
q2= frequency of homozygous recessive individuals
In butterflies, the color brown (B) is dominant over the color white (b). In a population of 250 butterflies, 200
butterflies are white (bb).
Step 1: Find the frequency of homozygous recessive individuals.
Step 2: Find the frequency of the recessive allele.
Step 3. Find the frequency of the dominant allele.
Step 4: Now that you know the frequency of the dominant allele, fill out the chart below.
Genotypes
Set up to find frequency
Frequency
Population
size
Actual # of individuals
(=Frequency x pop. Size)
Homozygous dominant
Heterozygous
Homozygous recessive
According to the chart you made above:
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
What is the percentage of the population that is homozygous recessive? _________
What is the frequency of the recessive allele? ________
What is the frequency of the dominant allele? __________
What percentage of the population is homozygous dominant? ___________
What percentage of the population is heterozygous? __________
What is the number of butterflies in the population that possess the homozygous dominant trait? ________
What is the number of butterflies in the population that possess the heterozygous trait ? _________
17. Say the next generation has 300 butterflies with 100 individuals being white. Has evolution taken place?
Explain how you know.
In a population of 1000 giraffes, the “L” allele (which codes for long necks) is completely dominant over the
“l” allele (which codes for short necks). 40 of the 1000 giraffes are known to have the recessive short-necked
trait (ll).
Step 1: Find the frequency of homozygous recessive individuals.
Step 2: Find the frequency of the recessive allele.
Step 3. Find the frequency of the dominant allele.
Step 4: Now that you know the frequency of the dominant allele, fill out the chart below.
Genotypes
Set up to find frequency
Frequency
Population
size
Actual # of individuals
(=Frequency x pop. Size)
Homozygous dominant
Heterozygous
Homozygous recessive
According to the chart you made above:
18.
19.
20.
21.
22.
23.
24.
What is the percentage of the population that is homozygous recessive? _________
What is the frequency of the recessive allele? ________
What is the frequency of the dominant allele? __________
What percentage of the population is homozygous dominant? ___________
What percentage of the population is heterozygous? __________
What is the number of giraffes in the population that possess the homozygous dominant trait? ________
What is the number of giraffes in the population that possess the heterozygous trait ? _________
25. Say the next generation of giraffes has 2000 giraffes with 80 individuals being short-necked (ll). Has
evolution taken place? Explain how you know.