Folke Bernadotte Academy
A Modern Approach to International
Security
Modena, 05.13.16
Agenda
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The legacy of Count Folke Bernadotte
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Factors driving conflicts and the role of forced
migration
•
Types of conflicts
•
A new global order – challenges and approaches
•
FBA – an example
Folke Bernadotte
The United Nations’ first mediator
Some factors driving international and local conflicts
Natural resources
Technological development
Lack of social cohesion
Demographic changes
Refugees – victims both now and then
Refugees in Europe
Asylum applications in EU per
100.000 population, 2015
HUNGARY
1799
SWEDEN
1667
AUSTRIA
1027
FINLAND
591
GERMANY
587
LUXENBOURG
445
MALTA
430
BELGUIM
397
EU AVERAGE
260
ITALY
138
0
500
1000
1500
2000
10 main countries of origin for refugees globally, 2012 – 2014
4 500 000,00
4 000 000,00
3 500 000,00
3 000 000,00
2 500 000,00
2 000 000,00
1 500 000,00
1 000 000,00
500 000,00
Syria
Afghanistan
Somalia
Sudan
South Sudan DR Congo
2012
2013
2014
Central
African
Republic
Iraq
Eritrea
Pakistan
Conflicts and refugees –
an undeniable linkage
Different types of conflicts
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Interstate conflicts
•
•
Intrastate conflicts
•
•
Conflicts witin a state, such as Colombia v. FARC
Internationalized conflicts
•
•
Conflicts between two or more states, such as the
Iran – Iraq war
Conflicts where one or more actors support the
warring parties, such as the Vietnam war
Extrastate conflicts
•
Conflicts between a state and a non-state about a
territory outside of the state itself, such as colonial
wars
A new global order – challenges and opportunities
•
Challenges of the United Nations
•
•
•
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Different conflicts
Forced migration
Isolationistic policies
UN reform
•
Review of peace operations
As the world changes, the international community must
change with it!
New demands, new approaches, new actors – EU and
OSCE
In sum
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Not a significant increase in number of conflicts
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Today’s conflicts are increasingly complex in nature
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Conflicts are more deadly now than earlier
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Clear connection between conflicts and refugees
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Major challenges for the international community
The Folke Bernadotte Academy
(FBA)
Facts and figures
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Swedish government agency for peace, security, and
development
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Overall task to support international peace and security
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Founded in 2002 with offices in Sandö and Stockholm
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120 employees and 70-80 deployed to international
peace and security missions
International secondments – making a
difference on the ground
FBA’s seconded experts and bilateral
projects
Education and training – essential for a job well done
Policy, research and development of doctrine – the
foundation of experience and improvement
Challenges Forum
•
International platform for cooperation on peace
operations
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22 partners, including from all P5 countries
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Recent launch of the report Designing Mandates and
Capabilities for Future Peace Operations
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Contribution to the UN Secretary General’s
Independent High-Level Panel on Peace Operations
Network for female negotiators
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Women are highly underrepresented in peace
processes
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Swedish initiative to increase the number of women
active as mediators and facilitators in peace
processes
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Initiative aiming both at Swedish women and at
women from conflict- and post-conflict countries
Female representation in peace
processes
120%
100%
80%
60%
40%
20%
0%
Signatories
Chief
Negotiators
Men
Witnesses
Women
Mediators
A conflict’s constituents
Reason: Answers the question of why
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Inequality, poverty, repression
Resources: Answers the question of with what
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Reason
Resolve
Resolve: Answers the question of do we dare to
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Resources
Weapons, economic resources, base of recruitment
Armed conflict is the only available option
Thank you!