Name:__________________________________________________________________
Delta Agricultural Education
Animal Science
Muscle
Introduction: The skeletal system consists of the bones and joints along with the cartilage and ligaments
that occur at the joint.
Objectives:
A. List the functions of muscles; and
B. Classify types of muscles.
References:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Your instructor.
Animal Science Textbook
DeltaFFA.com
CEV’s Basic Animal & Human Body Systems DVD and Supplements
Livestock Evaluation Book
Student Activities:
Muscle System Packet
Bill Nye Skeletal and Muscle Video
Muscle Video Quiz
Muscle Lab
Muscle System Quiz
Points Available
Points Earned
Due
25
___________
______
25
25
50
___________
___________
___________
______
______
______
Function-
Meat production-
Three types of muscle
1.
2.
3.
Skeletal Muscle
Movement
Tendons
Red Muscle
White Muscle
Smooth Muscle
MovementExamples-
Cardiac Muscle
Movement Stamina -
How Do Your Muscles Work?
INTRODUCTION:
Much of the work of the body depends on the contraction of skeletal muscles. In this experiment
you will first observe the characteristics of muscle contraction and then will investigate the
effects of two factors - temperature and fatigue - on the action of your muscles.
MATERIALS:
-dishpan of water
-narrow strip of paper which will fit around upper arm
-ice or snow
-rubber ball or clothespin
-timer (clock, watch, or stop watch)
PROCEDURE:
The following exercises will help you understand what happens to your muscles when they
contract.
Muscle Action
1. Place your fingers along the angle of your jaw just in front of your ear. Grit your teeth
and observe what happens to the hardness of the muscles in your cheek.
a. What happens when you grit your teach?
2. Wrap a strip of paper around your upper arm and mark the circumference of your arm on
the paper. Clench your fist tightly and mark the new circumference on the paper. Observe
what happens to the circumference of the muscle.
a. What was the circumference before making the fist? What is the circumference
after making the fist? Why does it change?
Effect of Temperature on Muscle Action
1. Count the number of times you can make a fist in 20 seconds. Start with your hand
completely outstretched and make a tight fist each time. Do it as rapidly as you can. How
many times did you do it in a minute?
2. Now submerge your hand in a dishpan of water to which has been added snow or ice so
that the temperature is near the freezing point. Leave your hand in the water for one full
minute. Remove your hand and immediately count how many forceful fists you can make
in 20 seconds. How many could you make after submerging your hand? Why do you
think that the number of times you could clench your fist changed? Or did it?
Effect of Fatigue on Muscle Action
1. Count how many times you can tightly squeeze
a clothes pin between your fingers in 20
seconds. How many times?
2. Repeat the squeezing nine more times and
record results. Do not rest between trials.
Effect of Fatigue on muscle action
Trial
# of Squeezes in 20 seconds
1
----------------------------------------
2
----------------------------------------
3
----------------------------------------
4
----------------------------------------
5
----------------------------------------
6
----------------------------------------
7
----------------------------------------
8
----------------------------------------
9
----------------------------------------
10 ----------------------------------------
What happened as you continued to squeeze the
clothes pin? Why did this happen?
Number of Squeezes
Create a line graph of your results of the fatigue experiment. Be sure to fill in the values on the
vertical axis.
100
95
90
85
80
75
70
65
60
55
50
45
40
35
30
25
20
15
10
5
1
2
3
4
5
Trials
6
7
8
9
10
The Skeletal & Muscular Systems
Quiz
1. Which of the following is a type of muscle tissue?
a.
skeletal
b.
cardiac
c.
smooth
d.
all of the above
2. Which type of muscle is termed “voluntary”?
a.
skeletal
b.
cardiac
c.
smooth
d.
all of the above
3. Tendons attach
a.
muscle to muscle
b.
bone to bone
c.
muscle to bone
d.
red fibers to white fibers
4. According to the program, which animal has a higher percentage of slowtwitch muscle fibers?
a.
racing quarter horses
b.
chickens
c.
working draft horses
d.
none of the above
5. Muscle contraction results in muscle fiber becoming
a.
shorter
b.
longer
c.
smooth
d.
none of the above