Mr. Tirrito Presents…
USE YOUR STUDY GUIDES AND CROSSWORD
PUZZLES!
Study Tip: Use this Jeopardy game like flashcards-cover up one side and quiz yourself!
Reformation
Rumblings
The
Reformation
Runs Ahead
Explorers
and an
Educator
Age of
Exploration
Absolute
Monarchy
In Europe
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In the days of Martin Luther,
the Roman Catholic Church
sold these documents,
saying that whoever bought
them would not be punished
after death for his or her sins
What are
indulgences
?
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Book that changed many
Reformers’ lives and led
them to question the
Roman Catholic Church
What is
the Bible
(especially the
Greek New Testament
printed by Erasmus)
?
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Modern day country
where the
Protestant Reformation
began
What is
Germany
?
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The Reformation began on
October 31, 1517,
when Martin Luther
nailed this document
to the door of
the Wittenberg Church
to protest against the sale of
indulgences
What is the
95 Theses
?
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Luther said that
people were sinful,
NOT good,
and could ONLY be saved
by BELIEVING in Christ
Who died for them.
This teaching is known as
salvation by…
What is
faith alone
in
Christ alone
?
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Christians who
protested against the
Roman Catholic Church
and separated from it
to form new churches
Who are
Protestants
?
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French Reformer
famous for his belief
in predestination
and for writing
The Institutes of the
Christian Religion
Who is
John Calvin
?
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English king,
whom the Pope praised as
“Defender of the Faith,” but
who later
rejected the Pope and
married six times
in his quest for
a strong male heir
Who is
Henry VIII
?
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English Protestants
who wanted
to purify the Anglican Church
of anything “Catholic”
and rejected
Queen Elizabeth I’s
religious compromises
Who are the
Puritans
?
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Order of priests started
by Ignatius of Loyola
to fight Protestantism;
it stressed
Catholic education and
loyalty to the Pope
Who are the
Jesuits
?
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Near the beginning of
the Age of Exploration,
he set up
a school for navigation
in Portugal
Who is
Prince Henry
the Navigator
?
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He wanted to find
a westward sea route
to the Indies,
but instead became
the first European to sail
to the New World during
the Age of Exploration
Who is
Christopher
Columbus
?
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The Aztecs in Mexico
at first mistook this
Spanish conquistador
for a god,
and ended up being
conquered by him
Who is
Hernando
Cortés
?
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The first man
whose crew sailed
around the world,
although he was
killed in the
Philippines
Who is
Ferdinand
Magellan
?
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Samuel de Champlain’s
exploration of
this area of Canada
led to its establishment as
a colony of French Catholics
involved in the fur trade
with Native Americans
What is
Quebec
?
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The
conquistadores
came to
the New World
seeking
this precious metal
What is
gold
?
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A system of
forced physical labor
that oppressed Indians
in Spain’s colonies
in Latin America
What is the
encomienda
?
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Nickname given to the
Pilgrims who set up a
colony in Plymouth, MA,
because they separated
from the Church of
England due to their
strong Protestant beliefs
What are
Separatists
?
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The introduction of animals,
food products,
and precious metals
from the New World to Europe,
and
from Europe to the New World,
as a result of
the Age of Exploration
What is the
Columbian
Exchange
?
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Religion brought
by Spanish explorers to
Central and South America
and even forced upon many
of the Native inhabitants
by the conquistadores
What is
Roman
Catholicism
?
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The belief that since
God chooses
the ruler of a nation,
that ruler has the
right to reign as an
absolute monarch
What is the
divine right
of kings
?
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The most powerful
country in Europe during
most of the 1500s,
due to
its huge colonial empire
in the New World
What is
Spain
?
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In 1588,
this naval fleet was
destroyed in a hurricane
off the coast of Ireland
while trying
to conquer England
What is the
Spanish
Armada
?
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He authorized
a new and accurate
translation of the Bible
into English
that people
still read today
Who is
King James I
?
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English king who was
tried for treason
and beheaded
by Parliament after
the English Civil War
Who is
Charles I
?
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Mr. Tirrito Presents…
USE YOUR STUDY GUIDES AND CROSSWORD
PUZZLES!
Study Tip: Use this Jeopardy game like flashcards-cover up one side and quiz yourself!
Absolute
Monarchy
in Europe
Revolutions in
The
Science and
Enlightenment
Music
American
Revolution
French
Revolution
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Puritan general who led
the fight against Charles I
during the English Civil War
and tried to set up
a republic in England,
but had to become
a military dictator
to preserve order
Who is
Oliver
Cromwell
?
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The virtually bloodless
overthrow of James II
and
the crowning of
William and Mary
as monarchs of England
in 1688
What is the
Glorious
Revolution
?
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Nickname of
King Louis XIV
of France,
because he felt
everything revolved
around him
What is the
Sun King
?
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French palace built
by Louis XIV to
show off his wealth
and house him and
his nobles
What is
Versailles
?
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Absolute rulers such as
Frederick the Great of
Prussia
and Catherine the Great of
Russia
who tried to make
Enlightenment-inspired
reforms in their kingdoms
What are
Enlightened
despots
?
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A series of steps
scientists follow to
study the natural world
What is the
scientific
method
?
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Copernicus'
theory
that the earth
revolves around
the sun
What is
heliocentrism
?
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Italian astronomer
who used a
telescope to prove
that Copernicus
was correct
Who is
Galileo Galilei
?
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English scientist
who discovered
the Law of Universal Gravity
and the 3 Laws of Motion,
invented calculus, and
proved that sunlight contains
all the colors of the rainbow
Who is
Sir Isaac
Newton
?
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Wolfgang Amadeus
Mozart's
style of balanced,
orderly, elegant
music
What is
Classical
music
?
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English Enlightenment writer
who believed if the king doesn’t
protect the people’s rights to
life, liberty, and property,
the people should overthrow him
and replace him.
Thomas Jefferson borrowed
some of his ideas for the U.S.
Declaration of Independence
Who is
John Locke
?
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A European country
that was home to
most of the philosophes;
it later went through a terrible
revolution when it tried to put
their ideas into practice
What is
France
?
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His book The Social Contract
influenced Robespierre and
other French revolutionaries
who wanted to
replace the monarchy with
a republic reflecting the
“general will” of the people
Who is
Jean Jacques
Rousseau
?
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His book about the
separation of powers between
three branches of government
(executive, legislative,
and judicial)
had a huge impact on the
Founding Fathers of America
when they wrote the Constitution
Who is
Baron Charles
de
Montesquieu
?
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With all of its discoveries and
inventions,
the Scientific Revolution had led many
Enlightenment thinkers to believe that
_____________ could explain
everything and solve all problems—
but the chaos of the French Revolution
would challenge this belief by showing
how cruel and unreasonable even the
most educated human beings could be
What are
science and
human reason
?
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A popular
motto of the
American
Revolution
What is
“No taxation
without
representation!”
?
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DAILY DOUBLE
The beginning of the
American Revolution, known
as “the Shot Heard
Round the World,”
took place during these
battles in April 1774
What are
Lexington
and
Concord
?
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Booklet by
Thomas Paine that
used Enlightenment
ideas to tell Americans
to demand separation
from Britain
What is
Common
Sense
?
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The Commander of the
Continental Army during
the American Revolution,
he became the
first U.S. president and
was called the
“Father of His Country”
Who is
George
Washington
?
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King of France who made
France’s debt worse by
helping the Americans during
the American Revolution,
and was overthrown and
beheaded during
the French Revolution
Who is
Louis XVI
?
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Class of people in France
that included the
middle class, the urban poor,
and country peasants;
97% of the population, but
had no political power and
paid most of the taxes
What is the
Third Estate
?
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French prison
destroyed by a mob
at the beginning of
the French Revolution
in 1789
What is the
Bastille
?
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French revolutionaries
used this new
execution method
to make everyone
“equal in death”
What is the
guillotine
?
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A period from
September 1793 –
July 1794 when
French radicals put
many people to death
What is the
Reign of
Terror
?
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French revolutionary leader
of the
Committee of Public Safety
who lost his head when
his colleagues feared
they’d be next to die
if they didn’t stop him first
Who is
Maximilien
Robespierre
?
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Mr. Tirrito Presents…
USE YOUR STUDY GUIDES AND CROSSWORD
PUZZLES!
Study Tip: Use this Jeopardy game like flashcards-cover up one side and quiz yourself!
From
Napoleon to
Nationalism
19th and
Early 20th
Centuries
FINAL
JEOPARDY
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After the French Revolution,
he took over most of Europe
for France,
but his empire
came crashing down
when he was defeated
for the last time at
the Battle of Waterloo in 1815
Who is
Napoleon
Bonaparte
?
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Led by Prince Metternich
of Austria,
European leaders at this
meeting in 1814-1815
tried to restore Europe
to how it was
before Napoleon
What is the
Congress of
Vienna
?
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DAILY DOUBLE
Nationalism helped
leaders and patriots
create these two new
countries in the 1800s
What are
Italy
and
Germany
?
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Prussian nobleman who
wanted to unite all the
German states under
Prussia’s leadership and
started wars against
Denmark, Austria, and
France to
accomplish his goal
Who is
Otto von
Bismarck
?
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Italian patriot who wanted a
republic, but put aside his
differences with Count
Cavour and King Victor
Emmanuel and led his own
army of Red Shirts to help
them unify Italy as one
country
What is
Giuseppe
Garibaldi
?
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DAILY DOUBLE
The actions of Europeans
carving up the continent of
_________, such as King
Leopold II and the Belgians in
the Congo, were an example of
this practice of empire-building
What is
Africa
and
Imperialism
?
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Four causes of
World War I
Militarism
Alliance system
Imperialism & industrialization
Nationalism
?
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This event was the spark
that lit the powder keg to
start World War I
What is the
assassination of
Austrian Archduke
Franz Ferdinand
by a
Serbian nationalist
?
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When the
Central Powers
lost World War I
to the Allied Powers,
this nation was forced
to take the blame
for starting the war
What is
Germany
?
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The first country to
experience the
Industrial
Revolution
What is
Great Britain
?
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What piece of Renaissance
technology made the Protestant
Reformation possible?
Give two examples of how it
helped the Reformation spread
What is the
Printing Press
- Luther’s 95 Theses went all over
Germany, so people could read them
- Millions of Bibles were now
available for people to buy and read
in their own language
?
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List one positive
result and one
negative result of
the Age of
Exploration.
POSITIVE: Knowledge of the world increased;
Increase in gold/silver led to international
currency; Columbian Exchange (pineapples,
tobacco, chocolate, turkey, horses) between
New and Old Worlds; cost of goods (spices,
food, etc.) decreased and they became more
readily available; healthier diets = population
increased
NEGATIVE: African slave trade; encomienda
system oppressed Native Americans; diseases
such as smallpox devastated Native populations
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What is an absolute monarchy, and what
country would be an example?
What is a constitutional monarchy, and
what country would be an example?
Finally, what system of government
do we have in America?
And which type of monarchy (absolute or
constitutional) is more similar to our system
of government?
• Absolute monarch can do whatever he/she
wants
• Example: France, Spain
• Constitutional monarch is bound by laws that
protect the people’s rights
• Example: Britain
• America is a republic
• More similar to a constitutional monarchy?
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What was one cause of the
French Revolution?
Also, describe one similarity
and one difference between the
American Revolution and the
French Revolution.
French Revolution causes: Enlightenment thinkers
who wanted to get rid of monarchy; high taxes but no
political power for the Third Estate; huge debt; king and
queen spent too much money; high price of bread and
bad economy
Similarities: Both were against king; against taxes;
wanted republic
Differences: French Revolutionary got way too violent
with mass murder and executions; F.R. was antireligious; F.R. was a class struggle, while in the A.R. rich
and poor colonists worked together for independence
from Britain
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What resource did King Leopold II want from the
Congo region in Africa? Why did he want it?
How did the Belgians treat the African people who
lived and worked there? After finding out how the
Africans were being treated, how did the English
Baptist missionaries John and Alice Harris make
people back home aware of what was going on in
the Congo? (Be specific!) How did people in
America and Europe react when they found out
what was going on in the Congo? Finally, what
was Leopold forced to give up as a result?
• He wanted rubber
• To make money
• The Belgians were brutal to the Africans
• The Harrises used cameras to take pictures of
chopped off hands and other brutalities
• Americans and Europeans were very angry
and upset
• Leopold had to give up control of the Congo
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