Possibilities of GIS Utilisation in
Labour Market Analysis
Jiri Horak
Tomas Penaz
VSB Technical University of Ostrava
Czech Republic
Unemployment in the Czech Republic
• actual unemployment rate - 8.7 %
• more serious differences:
– between groups of job seekers
– between regions (NUTS 2) 3-15 %, districts (2-20%),
municipalities (0-50%)
Labour offices
• registration of job seekers, firms, vacancies
– location of job seekers by the address (private data), by
the code of municipality and by the code of municipal
part
– location of firms by the address, problems: a data validation
and registering firms by their residence not by the place of
business activities
– location of vacancies through firms
• other data sources
– Czech Statistical Office, census (in future), databases
for marketing
Spatial data types for labour market analysis
• discrete objects
– point representation - firms, labour offices, branches,
education and training centres, pick-up places for a
public transport
– area representation - aggregated data (job seekers,
vacancies, firms, number of employees) to
administrative units
• continuous data
– population density, raster surface of modelled
unemployment, travel time to employer
• interaction data
– commuting between a residence of employee and a
workplace
Spatial method for labour market analysis
• visual (visualisation of spatial data)
– location of firms, aggregation of job seekers to
administrative units, aggregation of vacancies
• exploratory (investigating map pattern, relationships,
detect anomalies)
– analysis of point pattern, synthesis and multicriteria
evaluation, visualisation in the form of continuous
phenomena, probability mapping, multivariate methods
• modelling - predictive
–
–
–
–
–
location of new branches or the dissolution of existing
find out impacts of shutdown of firms or larger layoff
regulate the foundation of new firms in suitable places
predict the placement of new school leavers and juveniles
locate training centres close to unemployed people
Firms by number of employees, Novy Jicin district
Unemployment Rate in Municipalities
Novy Jicin district, 31.12.99
Municipality
UR (%)
0-8
8 - 12
12 - 16
16 - 20
20 - 24
24 - 32
0
10
20
30
40 Kilometers
Unemployment Rate in Parts of Municipalities
Novy Jicin district, 31.12.99
Part of municipality
UR (%)
0-8
8 - 12
12 - 16
16 - 20
20 - 24
24 - 55
0
8
16
24
32 Kilometers
Rate of long-term unemployment in municipalities
Novy Jicin district, 31.12.99
Municipality border
Long-term (%)
0 - 20
20 - 35
35 - 50
50 - 65
65 - 80
0
10
20
30
40 Kilometers
Number and job type of vacancies
Novy Jicin district, 31.12.99
Hranice obcí
PVMKZAM_
PVMKZAM1
PVMKZAM2
PVMKZAM3
PVMKZAM4
PVMKZAM5
PVMKZAM6
PVMKZAM7
PVMKZAM8
PVMKZAM9
0
8
16
24
32 Kilometers
Analysis of transport accessibility
in relation to unemployment - 1
Individual automobile transport to work
• network analysis, lines evaluated as edges of the
flow chart
• 8 municipalities, 4 as critical, 4 as non-critical
• spreading up to 30 minutes, 5-minute zones
• number of firms for each zone with boundary
corrections
• comparison of results for both groups - no
connection could be found between the
accessibility and the bad situation in
unemployment
Service network for Albrechticky municipality
Service netvork (drive times)
0 - 5 minutes
5 - 10 minutes
10 - 15 minutes
15 - 20 minutes
0
20 - 25 minutes
25 - 30 minutes
Road traffic network
Novy Jicin district borders
Districts borders
5
10 Kilometers
Number of firms
Number of accessible firms within time
zones for selected municipalities
800
700
600
500
400
300
200
100
0
critical
non-critical
M NK JA DL BR VO BR CH
R
A KU SE AL ZI AL LI
E
H
M
V
25-30 min.
20-25 min.
15-20 min.
10-15 min.
5-10 min.
0-5 min.
Analysis of transport accessibility
in relation to unemployment - 2a
Analysis above the real time table of bus transport
• location of bus stops and firms with more than 100
employees
• travelling to work 5:00-5:45, 6:00-6:45, 7:00-7:45
(working days, max. 1 change and waiting to 15’)
• after work travelling home in corresponding time
(14:30-15:45, 15:30-16:45, 16:30-17:45)
• intersection (logical AND) = bus stops suitable for
commuting to selected firms (catchment area)
Bus stops suitable for commuting to Novy Jicin
go there 5:00-5:45 AND back 15:00-16:45
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Analysis of transport accessibility
in relation to unemployment - 2b
• each catchment area obtains a number of firms in
the target
• overlay of catchment areas  number of firms
available in each stop
• aggregation to municipalities or parts of
municipalities
• comparison with unemployment rate and other
special rate of unemployment
Bus stops by number of accessible large firms
between 5:00 and 15:45
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Dependence of
unemployment rate on
the number of accessible
firms between 5:00 and
15:45
UR (%)
25
20
15
10
5
0
0
10
20
30
40
50
Dependence of young job
seekers on the number of
accessible firms between
5:00 and 15:45
Job seekers to 25 year (%)
Number of accessible firms (5:00 - 15:45)
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
0
10
20
30
40
Number of accessible firms (5:00-15:45)
50
Conclusion
Recommendations for labour offices, authorities:
– improvements in the data structure and the system of
registration (implementation of the address register)
– linkage between database of LO and trading licensing o.
– utilisation of geoinformation technologies in the labour
offices
The observation of theoretical possibilities of utilising
geoinformation technologies for analyses of the labour
market.
The issue of the selection and modification of some
methods with the utilisation of the real base of data of
labour offices.
Thank you for your attention
[email protected]
[email protected]
VSB-Technical University of Ostrava
Instit. of Economics and Control Systems, Section GIS