SAT 3/20
• EXCERPT FROM: REQUIREMENTS AND PROCEDURES FOR FIREFIGHTER CANDIDATES
• TRACY WILSON
• IT CAN BE EXTENDED AT THE DISCRETION OF THE PERSONNEL DEPARTMENT.
•
WHICH OF THESE BEST DEFINES THE WORD DISCRETION AS IT IS USED IN THIS
SENTENCE?
•
A)
EFFORTS
•
B)
JUDGMENT
•
C)
ADVANCEMENT
•
D)
HIGHEST PERCENTAGE
ANSWER 3/20
• B IS CORRECT
• THE CORRECT ANSWER IS JUDGMENT. THE DEFINITION OF THE WORD
DISCRETION IS JUDGMENT. IN CONTEXT, THIS OPTION IS THE ONLY
ONE WHICH CAN REPLACE THE WORD DISCRETION.
WHAT ARE THE PHASES OF HEALING
AND WHY ARE THEY IMPORTANT TO
THERAPEUTIC EXERCISE?
• INFLAMMATORY RESPONSE PHASE- BEGINS IMMEDIATELY
FOLLOWING INJURY
• LASTS APPROXIMATELY 2 TO 4 DAYS
• FIBROBLASTIC REPAIR PHASE-LASTS APPROXIMATELY 4 TO 6 WEEKS
AFTER INJURY
• REGENERATION AND REPAIR OF THE INJURED TISSUE
• MATURATION-REMODELING PHASE- LONG-TERM PROCESS
• MAY REQUIRE SEVERAL YEARS TO COMPLETE
• REALIGNMENT AND REMODELING OF SCAR TISSUE ACCORDING TO
THE STRESSES PLACED UP ON IT
THERAPEUTIC EXERCISE
OVERVIEW
• THERAPEUTIC EXERCISE• GOAL: RETURN THE INJURED ATHLETE TO ACTIVITY IN A SAFE AND TIMELY
MANNER
COMPONENTS-1
• IMMEDIATE FIRST AID AND MANAGEMENT
• BEGINS IMMEDIATELY AFTER INJURY
• VERY CRITICAL; IMPACTS COURSE OF REHABILITATIVE PROCESS
• CONTROLLING SWELLING
• R-REST
• I-ICE
• C-COMPRESSION
• E-ELEVATION
COMPONENTS-2
• REDUCING OR MINIMIZING PAIN
• RICE
• THERAPEUTIC MODALITIES
COMPONENTS-3
• RESTORING RANGE OF MOTION
• INJURY ALWAYS FOLLOWED BY SOME DEGREE OF ↓ROM
• LIMITING LOSS AND ↑ROM BACK TO NORMAL OR BETTER IS IMPORTANT
FOR ANY REHAB PROGRAM
• PROM
• AROM
COMPONENTS-4
• RESTORING MUSCULAR STRENGTH, ENDURANCE, AND POWER
• ESSENTIAL TO RESTORING FUNCTION OF BODY TO PRE-INJURY STATUS
• STRENGTH-ABILITY OF MUSCLE TO GENERATE FORCE AGAINST SOME
RESISTANCE
• ENDURANCE-ABILITY TO PERFORM REPETITIVE MUSCULAR CONTRACTIONS
AGAINST SOME RESISTANCE FOR AN EXTENDED TIME
• POWER-ABILITY TO GENERATE FORCE RAPIDLY
COMPONENTS-4
• ISOMETRIC CONTRACTIONS-CONTRACTION WHILE MUSCLE LENGTH
REMAINS CONSTANT
• ISOTONIC-CONTRACTION WHILE THE LENGTH OF THE MUSCLE CHANGES
• CONCENTRIC CONTRACTIONS-CONTRACTION WHILE MUSCLE IS
SHORTENING
• ECCENTRIC CONTRACTIONS-CONTRACTION WHILE MUSCLE IS
LENGTHENING
• ISOKINETIC CONTRACTIONS-MUSCLE CONTRACTION THAT OCCURS AT A
CONSTANT VELOCITY
COMPONENTS 4• CLOSED CHAIN-EXERCISES THAT ARE PERFORMED WHEN FEET OR
HANDS ARE WEIGHT BEARING
• OPEN CHAIN-EXERCISES THAT ARE PERFORMED WHEN ONE FOOT OR
HAND IS NOT IN CONTACT WITH THE GROUND OR SOME OTHER
SURFACED
COMPONENTS 4• OVERLOAD PRINCIPLE-FOR A MUSCLE TO IMPROVE IN STRENGTH, IT
MUST BE FORCED TO WORK AT A HIGHER LEVEL THAN IT IS
ACCUSTOMED TO
• EXERCISES ARE PROGRESSIVELY INCREASED DEPENDING ON THE
HEALING PROCESS
COMPONENTS-4
• PROGRESSIVE RESISTIVE EXERCISES-STRENGTHEN MUSCLES THROUGH
ROM WITH SOME FIXED RESISTANCE
• USE ISOTONIC CONTRACTIONS
• CIRCUIT TRAINING-EXERCISE STATIONS THAT CONSIST OF VARIOUS
COMBINATIONS OF ACTIVITIES
• PLYOMETRIC EXERCISE-INVOLVES A RAPID ECCENTRIC STRETCH OF A
MUSCLE FOLLOWED IMMEDIATELY BY A RAPID CONCENTRIC
CONTRACTION
COMPONENTS-5
• REESTABLISHING NEUROMUSCULAR CONTROL
• PRODUCTION OF COORDINATED MOVEMENTS
• STRENGTH EXERCISES (ESPECIALLY FUNCTIONAL ONE) HELP BODY
“RELEARN” MOVEMENTS NEED TO PERFORM TASKS OF SPORT
COMPONENTS-6
• REGAINING BALANCE
• ESSENTIAL ATHLETIC SKILL
• LACK OF BALANCE MAY PREDISPOSE ONE TO FURTHER INJURY OR
REINJURY
COMPONENTS-7
• MAINTAINING CARDIORESPIRATORY FITNESS
• LEVELS OF CARDIORESPIRATORY FITNESS MAY DECREASE RAPIDLY WHEN
ATHLETE IS INJURED
• ALTERNATIVE ACTIVITIES MAY BE IMPLEMENTED UNTIL AT THE
APPROPRIATE POINT IN HEALING PROCESS FOR OTHERS
COMPONENTS-8
• FUNCTIONAL PROGRESSIONS
• SERIES OF GRADUALLY PROGRESSIVE ACTIVITIES DESIGNED TO PREPARE
ATHLETE FOR RETURN TO A SPECIFIC SPORT
• SPORT SPECIFIC ACTIVITIES
• THE STEPS OF THERAPEUTIC EXERCISE ARE ON A CONTINUUM MUCH
LIKE THE HEALING PROCESS.
• PROGRESSION FROM ONE COMPONENT TO THE NEXT SHOULD BE
GUIDED BY THE HEALING PROCESS AND THE PATIENT’S BODY AND
INJURY.
CRITICAL THINKING
• A SOCCER PLAYER HAS BEEN DIAGNOSED AS HAVING A GRADE 2
MCL SPRAIN. THE TEAM MD REFFERED HER TO PT WHO IS IN CHARGE
OF HER REHAB PROGRAM.
• WHAT ARE THE STG OG A REHAB PROGRAM, AND HOW CAN THESE
BE ACHIEVED?
DISCUSS PROJECT
• PICK INJURY FOR REHAB PROJECT.
SAT 3/21
• THE NEW COUNTRY LAY OPEN BEFORE ME: THERE WERE NO FENCES IN
THOSE DAYS. SOMETIMES I WILL FOLLOW THE SUNFLOWER-BORDERED
ROADS.
•
WHAT GRAMMATICAL ERROR OCCURS IN THIS SENTENCE?
•
A)
WRONG NOUN FORM
•
B)
WRONG VERB TENSE
•
C)
SUBJECT-VERB DISAGREEMENT
•
D)
PRONOUN-ANTECEDENT DISAGREEMENT
ANSWER 3/21
• B IS CORRECT
• THE SENTENCE'S GRAMMATICAL ERROR IS WRONG VERB TENSE. THE
SURROUNDING SENTENCES USE PAST TENSE VERBS ("LAY" AND
"WERE"), BUT THE LAST SENTENCE IN THE EXCERPT SUDDENLY
CHANGES INTO A FUTURE TENSE VERB ("WILL FOLLOW") WHICH
MAKES LITTLE SENSE WITH THE ADVERB "SOMETIMES" (IMPLYING
SOMETHING THAT HAPPPENED IN THE PAST) AND WITH THE OTHER
PAST TENSE VERBS USED IN THE PREVIOUS SENTENCE. THE VERB TENSE
THAT SHOULD HAVE BEEN USED IN THE SENTENCE WAS "FOLLOWED."
WHAT ARE SOME STG?
WHAT ARE SOME LTG
INJURY TREATMENT
INJURY TREATMENT
• 2 AREAS
• THERAPEUTIC MODALITIES
• THERAPEUTIC EXERCISE
THERAPEUTIC MODALITIES
• NON-EXERCISE TREATMENT OPTIONS
•
INCLUDE THE USE OF:
•
HEAT
•
COLD
•
ELECTROTHERAPY
•
MASSAGE
•
TRACTION
•
ULTRASOUND
•
COMPRESSION
• VOCABULARY
•
INDICATIONS-REASONS/INJURIES WHERE IT IS APPROPRIATE TO USE THE MODALITY
•
CONTRAINDICATIONS-REASONS/INJURIES WHERE IT IS INAPPROPRIATE TO USE THE MODALITY
WHAT ARE INDICATIONS
WHAT ARE CONTRAINDICATIONS
THERMAL MODALITIES
• TRANSFER ENERGY TO OR FROM THE TISSUES; EXCHANGE OF
ENERGY BASED ON A TEMPERATURE GRADIENT
• ENERGY TRANSFERRED THROUGH
• CONDUCTION-BETWEEN TWO OBJECTS THAT ARE TOUCHING
• CONVECTION-MOVEMENT OF A MEDIUM (WATER, AIR)
• RADIATION-TRANSFER WITHOUT THE USE OF A MEDIUM
• CONVERSION-ENERGY CHANGED TO ANOTHER FORM
• EVAPORATION-LIQUID TO GAS STATE
THERMAL MODALITIES
• CRYOTHERAPY-APPLICATION OF COLD MODALITIES
• EFFECTS:
• VASOCONSTRICTION
• DECREASED RATE OF CELL METABOLISM
• DECREASED PRODUCTION OF CELL WASTE
• REDUCTION OF INFLAMMATION
• DECREASED NERVE CONDUCTION
• DECREASED PAIN
• DECREASED MUSCLE SPAM
• DECREASED MUSCULAR FORCE PRODUCTION
THERMAL MODALITIES
•
• CRYOTHERAPY
•
TYPES:
•
ICE BAG
•
ICE CUP
•
COLD WHIRLPOOL
•
ICE IMMERSION
•
INDICATIONS:
•
ACUTE INJURY OR INFLAMMATION
•
ACUTE OR CHRONIC PAIN
•
SMALL, SUPERFICIAL, FIRST-DEGREE BURNS
•
POSTSURGICAL PAIN AND EDEMA
•
USE IN CONJUNCTION WITH REHABILITATION
EXERCISES
•
ACUTE OR CHRONIC MUSCLE SPASMS
•
NEURALGIA
CONTRAINDICATIONS:
•
CARDIAC OR RESPIRATORY INVOLVEMENT
•
UNCOVERED OPEN WOUNDS
•
CIRCULATORY INSUFFICIENCY
•
COLD ALLERGY/COLD-INDUCED URTICARIA
•
ANESTHETIC SKIN
•
ADVANCED DIABETES
•
PERIPHERAL VASCULAR DISEASE
•
RAYNAUD’S PHENOMENON
•
LUPUS
THERMAL MODALITIES
• THERMOTHERAPY- APPLICATION OF SUPERFICIAL OR DEEP HEATING AGENTS
• EFFECTS• VASODILATION
• INCREASED RATE OF CELL METABOLISM
• INCREASED DELIVERY OF LEUKOCYTES
• INCREASED CAPILLARY PERMEABILITY
• INCREASED VENOUS AND LYMPHATIC DRAINAGE
• EDEMA FORMATION
• REMOVAL OF METABOLIC WASTES
• INCREASED ELASTICITY OF COLLAGEN-RICH TISSUES
• ANALGESIA AND SEDATION OF NERVES
• DECREASED MUSCLE TONE
• DECREASED MUSCLE SPASM
• DECREASED PAIN
• INCREASED NERVE CONDUCTION AND VELOCITY
THERMAL MODALITIES
• INDICATIONS:
• SUBACUTE OR CHRONIC INFLAMMATORY
CONDITIONS
• THERMOTHERAPY
• REDUCTION OF SUBACUTE OR CHRONIC PAIN
• SUBACUTE OR CHRONIC MUSCLE SPASM
• TYPES:
• SUPERFICIAL
• DECREASED RANGE OF MOTION
•
HEAT PACK
• HEMATOMA RESOLUTION
•
WARM WHIRLPOOL
•
• REDUCTION OF JOINT CONTRACTURES
WARM IMMERSION
•
INFRARED LAMPS
•
PARAFFIN BATHS
• DEEP HEAT
•
MICROWAVE DIATHERMY
•
SHORTWAVE DIATHERMY
•
ULTRASOUND
• CONTRAINDICATIONS:
• ACUTE INJURIES
• IMPAIRED CIRCULATION
• ADVANCED ARTHRITIS (VIGOROUS HEATING)
• POOR THERMAL REGULATION
• ANESTHETIC AREAS
• NEOPLASMS
• THROMBOPHLEBITIS
DEEP HEATING AGENTS
• THERAPEUTIC ULTRASOUND-DEEP-PENETRATING MODALITY CAPABLE
OF PRODUCING CHANGES IN TISSUE THROUGH BOTH THERMAL AND
NONTHERMAL MECHANISMS
• USES ACOUSTICAL ENERGY
• EFFECTS
• DEEP-HEATING
• INCREASE RATE OF TISSUE REPAIR
• WOUND HEALING
• INCREASED BLOOD FLOW
• INCREASED TISSUE EXTENSIBILITY
• BREAKDOWN CALCIUM DEPOSITS
• REDUCTION OF PAIN
• REDUCTION OF MUSCLE SPASM
• DELIVER MEDICATIONS
DEEP HEATING AGENTS
• ULTRASOUND
• CONTINUOUS OUTPUT
• USED FOR HEATING TISSUES
• PULSED OUTPUT
• NONTHERMAL EFFECTS
• THE CLOSER THE DUTY CYCLE IS TO 100% THE MORE THERMAL EFFECTS
THERE ARE. THE LOWER THE DUTY CYCLE, THE LESS THERMAL EFFECTS
DEEP HEATING AGENTS
• NONTHERMAL EFFECTS
• INCREASED CELL MEMBRANE PERMEABILITY
• THERMAL EFFECTS
• INCREASED SENSORY NERVE
CONDUCTION VELOCITY
• ALTERED RATES OF DIFFUSION ACROSS THE
CELL MEMBRANE
• INCREASED VASCULAR PERMEABILITY
• INCREASED MOTOR NERVE
CONDUCTION VELOCITY
• SECRETION OF CYTOKINES
• INCREASED EXTENSIBILITY OF
COLLAGEN-RICH STRUCTURES
• INCREASED FIBROBLASTIC ACTIVITY
• INCREASED COLLAGEN DEPOSITION
• INCREASED BLOOD FLOW
• PRODUCTION OF HEALTHY GRANULATION
TISSUE
• REDUCTION OF MUSCLE SPASM
• SYNTHESIS OF PROTEIN
• INCREASED MACROPHAGE ACTIVITY
• SYNTHESIS OF COLLAGEN
• ENHANCED ADHESION OF
LEUKOCYTES TO DAMAGED
ENDOTHELIAL CELLS
• REDUCTION OF EDEMA
• INCREASED BLOOD FLOW
• STIMULATION OF PHAGOCYTOSIS
• DIFFUSION OF IONS
• TISSUE REGENERATION
• FORMATION OF STRONGER, MORE
DEFORMABLE CONNECTIVE TISSUE
DEEP HEATING AGENTS
• CONTRAINDICATIONS
• ACUTE CONDITIONS (CONTINUOUS)
• ISCHEMIC AREAS
• AREAS OF IMPAIRED CIRCULATION/ARTERY DISEASE
• INDICATIONS
• JOINT CONTRACTURES
• MUSCLE SPASMS
• NEUROMA
• SCAR TISSUE
• OVER AREAS OF DEEP VEIN THROMBOSIS
• ANESTHETIC AREAS
• OVER CANCEROUS TUMORS
• OVER SITES OF ACTIVE INFECTION OF SEPSIS
• OVER SPINAL CORD OR LARGE NERVE PLEXUS (HIGH
DOSES)
• SYMPATHETIC NERVOUS SYSTEM
DISORDERS
• EXPOSED METAL THAT PENETRATES SKIN
• TRIGGER AREAS
• OVER THE THORAX (PACEMAKER)
• WARTS
• PREGNANCY WHEN OVER PELVIC OR LUMBAR AREAS
• SPASTICITY
• OVER FRACTURE SITE BEFORE HEALING IS COMPLETE
• POSTACUTE REDUCTION OF MYOSITIS
OSSIFICANS
• STRESS FRACTURE SITES OR SITES OF OSTEOPOROSIS
• ACUTE INFLAMMATORY CONDITIONS
(PULSED)
• CHRONIC INFLAMMATORY CONDITIONS
(PULSED OR CONTINUOUS)
• AREAS AROUND EYES, HEART, SKULL, OR GENITALS
• OVER THE PELVIC OF LUMBAR AREA IN
MENSTRUATING PATIENTS
DEEP HEATING AGENTS
Temperature Increases and Their Desired Effect
Classification of
Ultrasound
Temperature Increase
Used for Thermal Effects
Mild
1ºC
Mild inflammation, accelerating metabolic rate
Moderate
2°-3°C
Decreasing muscle spasm, decreasing pain,
increasing blood flow, reducing chronic
inflammation
Vigorous
3°-4°C
Tissue elongation, scar tissue reduction, inhibition
of sympathetic activity
DEEP HEATING AGENTS
Rate of Ultrasound Heating (temperature increase per minute)
Intensity Tissue Depth
1MHz
3MHz
0.5
0.04°C
0.3°C
1.0
0.2°C
0.6°C
1.5
0.3°C
0.9°C
2.0
0.4°C
1.4°C
DEEP HEATING AGENTS
• SHORTWAVE DIATHERMY-USES HIGH FREQUENCY ELECTROMAGNETIC
ENERGY TO PRODUCE DEEP HEAT WITHIN THE TISSUE
• EFFECTS SIMILAR TO THERMAL AND NONTHERMAL ULTRASOUND
DEEP HEATING AGENTS
• EFFECTS
• THERMAL• INCREASED MICROVASCULAR PERFUSION
• ACTIVATION OF FIBROBLAST GROWTH FACTORS
• INCREASED MACROPHAGE ACTIVITY
• NONTHERMAL• HEATING OF LARGE AREA OF TISSUE
• HEAT RETAINED 3 TIMES LONGER THAN ULTRASOUND
WHAT IS THERMAL AND NON THERMAL
DEEP HEATING AGENTS
• CONTRAINDICATIONS
• ISCHEMIA
• INDICATIONS
• ACUTE TRAUMA (NONTHERMAL)
• ACUTE INFLAMMATION
(NONTHERMAL)
• EDEMA REDUCTION (NONTHERMAL)
• SUBACUTE INFLAMMATION
• PAIN SYNDROMES
• HEMORRHAGE
• ACUTE INFLAMMATION (THERMAL)
• METAL WITHIN THE OUTPUT FIELD
• PACEMAKER
• PRESENCE OF MOISTURE
• MOIST DRESSING, ADHESIVE TAPE, SKIN
CREAMS
• SKULL (EXTREME CAUTION)
• MUSCLE SPASMS
• CONTACT LENSES MUST BE REMOVED BEFORE
APPLICATION OVER HEAD
• CHRONIC INFLAMMATION
• PREGNANCY (OVER PELVIS, ABDOMEN, OR
LUMBAR)
• INCREASE BLOOD FLOW
• STRETCHING COLLAGEN-RICH
TISSUES
• MENSTRUATING FEMALES (OVER PELVIS,
ABDOMEN, OR LUMBAR)
• UNFUSED EPIPHYSEAL PLATES
DEEP HEATING AGENTS
Precautions Against Metal Within the Field of Shortwave Diathermy
In the Environment
Beds
Treatment tables
Chairs
Wheelchairs
Metal stools
CPM Units
Splints
Braces
Medical instruments
Electrical modalities
Near or On the Patient
Jewelry
Body piercings
Earrings
Watches
Metal in pockets (keys, etc.)
Belt buckles
Zippers
Metal underwire bras
Hearing aids
In the Patient
Orthodontic braces
Dental fillings
Implanted fixation devices
External fixation devices
Metal heart valves
Artificial joints
Metal IUDs
Body piercings
Cardiac pacemakers
Implanted bone growth
generators
Phrenic pacers
ELECTRICAL STIMULATION
• ELECTRICAL STIMULATION-MODALITY THAT UTILIZES ELECTRICAL CURRENTS
• ELECTRICITY-FORCE CREATED BY AN IMBALANCE IN THE NUMBER OF
ELECTRONS AT TWO POINTS (POLES)
• ELECTRONS FLOW IN AN ATTEMPT TO EQUALIZE DIFFERENCE IN CHARGES—THIS
CREATES AN ELECTRICAL CURRENT
• NEGATIVE POLE-AREA OF HIGH ELECTRON CONCENTRATION
• POSITIVE POLE-AREA OF LOW ELECTRON CONCENTRATION
•
CLOSED CIRCUIT-FORMED WHEN A COMPLETE PATH IS FORMED BETWEEN THE 2 POLES
• ELECTRICAL CURRENTS
• DIRECT CURRENT-UNINTERRUPTED, ONE DIRECTIONAL FLOW OF ELECTRONS; SQUARE
WAVE
• ALTERNATING CURRENT-DIRECTION OF FLOW CHANGES FROM POSITIVE TO NEGATIVE
IN A CYCLICAL MANNER; NO TRUE POSITIVE OR NEGATIVE POLES; ELECTRONS GO
BACK AND FORTH BETWEEN ELECTRODES
• PULSED CURRENT-ONE DIRECTION OF FLOW THAT IS INTERRUPTED BY PERIODS OF NO
CURRENT FLOW
ELECTRICAL STIMULATION
• VOCABULARY
• ELECTRODE LEADS-WIRES THAT CONDUCT THE CURRENT TO AND FROM
THE GENERATOR, ELECTRODES, AND PATIENT
• ELECTRODES-INTRODUCE THE CURRENT INTO THE BODY; POINT WHERE
THE ELECTRODE CONTACTS THE SKIN IS WHERE THE ELECTRONS ARE
CONVERTED INTO IONS
• WHEN PLACED CLOSER TOGETHER, CURRENT FLOWS SUPERFICIALLY
• WHEN PLACES FARTHER APART, THE DEEPER THE CURRENT FLOWS
ELECTRICAL STIMULATION
• INDICATIONS
•
CONTRAINDICATIONS
•
CARDIAC DISABILITY
•
PACEMAKERS
•
PREGNANCY (OVER ABDOMEN, PELVIS, AND LUMBAR
REGIONS)
• REDUCING EDEMA
•
MENSTRUATION (OVER ABDOMEN, PELVIS, AND
LUMBAR REGIONS)
• REDUCING MUSCLE SPASM
•
CANCEROUS LESIONS
•
SITES OF INFECTION
•
EXPOSED METAL IMPLANTS
•
AREAS OF NERVE SENSITIVITY
• CONTROLLING ACUTE AND
CHRONIC PAIN
• REDUCING JOINT
CONTRACTURES
• INHIBITING MUSCLE SPASMS
•
CAROTID SINUS
•
ESOPHAGUS
• MINIMIZING DISUSE ATROPHY
•
LARYNX
•
PHARYNX
•
AROUND OR ON EYES
•
UPPER THORAX
•
TEMPORAL REGION
• FACILITATION TISSUE HEALING
• FACILITATING MUSCLE
REEDUCATION
• FACILITATING FRACTURE HEALING
• STRENGTHENING MUSCLE
•
SEVERE OBESITY
•
EPILEPSY
•
ELECTRONIC MONITORING EQUIPEMENT
ELECTRICAL STIMULATION
• TYPES
• HIGH-VOLTAGE PULSED STIMULATION
• TRANSCUTANEOUS ELECTRICAL NERVE STIMULATION (TENS)
• INTERFERENTIAL STIMULATION
• NEUROMUSCULAR ELECTRICAL STIMULATION
• IONTOPORESIS
• MICROCURRENT ELECTRICAL STIMULATION
HOW ARE MODALITIES USED IN THE
REHAB PROCESS
MLA CITATION
• PRENTICE, WILLIAM E. ESSENTIALS OF ATHLETIC INJURY MANAGEMENT.
9TH ED. PLACE OF PUBLICATION NOT IDENTIFIED: MCGRAW-HILL,
2010. PRINT.
APA
Prentice, W. E. (2010). Essentials of athletic injury
management (9th ed.). Place of publication not identified:
Mcgraw-Hill.
WHAT ARE THE COMPONENTS OF
REHAB.
• CONTROL SWELLING
• REDUCE PAIN
• RESTORING FULL ROM
• REESTABLISHING CORE STABILITY
• RESTORING MUSCLE STRENGTH, ENDURANCE POWER
• REESTABLISHING NEUROMUSCULAR CONTROL
• REGAINING BALANCE
• MAINTAINING CARDIO RESPIRATORY FITNESS
• INCORPORATING FUNCTIONAL PROGRESSIONS