Science of Hadith [6]
Types of Da’eef Hadith
‫أنواع الحديث الضعيف‬
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(1) Types of Al-Hadith Ad-Da’eef due to a
gap in the sanad.
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Al-Munqati’ ‫المنقطع‬
Al-Mu’allaq ‫المع ّلق‬
Al-Mursal ‫المرسل‬
Al-Mu’dal ‫المعضل‬
Al-Mudallas ‫المد ّلس‬
Al-Mursal Alkhafee ‫المرسل الخفي‬
Munqati’ Hadith
‫الحديث المنقطع‬
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In Arabic, it means disconnected or cut-off.
Definition: Any Hadith whose isnaad is not
connected , however the disconnection occurs.
Status of Al-Munqati’: All the scholars of Hadith
agreed that Al-Hadith Al-Munqati’ is da’eef, since
the state of the missing narrator is unknown.
Mu’allaq Hadith
‫الحديث المع ّلق‬
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In Arabic, it means anything that is suspended or hanging.
Definition: It is the hadith which has one narrator or more deleted from the
beginning of the Isnaad.
It might include the hadith which has the whole isnaad deleted like when
Imam Bukharee said:” The prophet (peace be upon him) used to remember
Allah all the time.”
Status of Al-Mu’allaq: It is rejected since it is missing the condition of
connection.
Al-Hadith Al-Mu’alla in Saheeh Al-bukharee:
 Stated in a definite form, like “he said”, then it is saheeh.
 Quoted in a weak form, like “ It was said” . It can not be
considered saheeh until a connected isnaad can be found
for that particular hadeeth.
Mursal Hadith
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In Arabic, it means any thing which was set free.
Definition: It is the hadith which was referred to
Rasullullah (peace be upon him) by a Tabi’ee or a
sahabi who did not hear it from the prophet (peace be
upon him).
Example: when Saeed ibn Al-Musayib narrates that
the Prophet said “such and such”.
Ruling of Mursal Hadith
‫حكم الحديث المرسل‬
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Al-Hadith Al-Mursal is to be rejected, since it missed
one of the conditions of Authenticity ( The
connection of the isnaad) and we don’t know who is
missing. He may not be a companion and he may be a
weak narrator. However, some scholars have different
opinions regarding the ruling of Al-Mursal. There
three famous opinions:
(1) Al-Mursal is Da’eef: This is the position of most
of the scholars of Hadith and many scholars of Fiqh.
Mursal Hadith continued
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(2) Accepted and used as a proof: This is the
position of Imam Abou Hanifah , Malik and a
famous opinion of Imam Ahmed. This is based
upon the fact that it would be impossible for a
Taabi’ee who is thiqah to report something
from the Prophet which he did not hear from a
reliable source.
Al-Mursal - continued
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(3) Accepted with some conditions: This is the
position of Imam Shafi’ee and some other
scholars. The conditions are:
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That the one who does irsaal is a senior Tabi’ee.
That the hadith is narrated by another mursal chain.
That the hadith is supported by a fatwa from a sahabi or
fatawas from the majority of the scholars or the text of the
hadith goes with a good analogy (qiyaas).
Mursal of a Sahabi
‫مرسل الصحابي‬
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Mursal of a Sahabi is a hadith which a companion reported, but he did not
hear it directly from the prophet. It usually happens due to his young age,
late reversion to Islam or absence.
Example: Saeed ibn Jubair narrated from ibn Abbas, he said: that Abu
Lahab said to the Prophet: May you perish. You gathered us only for this
reason? Then Abu Lahab went away. So surat Almasad “ Perish the hands
of Abu Lahab” was revealed. (reported by Al-Bukhari and Muslim). This
hadith is a Mursal of a Sahabi because Ibn Abbas was born before the
Hijrah by three years, but this incident happened after the Prophet (peace
be upon him) was given the message by three years. So this incident took
place 7 years before the birth of Ibn Abbas (May Allah be pleased with
him).
The status of Mursal
As-Sahabi
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It is saheeh and used as proof, since the
sahaba usually don’t narrate from a
taabi’ee, and if they do then they mention
the source of their hadith. If they don’t say
anything, then they will be narrating from
another companion, and all of them are
trustworthy and reliable.