Introduction
• Historical tradition of charitable giving in BRIC countries
• New amounts and types of giving
Charity
Philanthropy
Alleviate human
suffering:
Social change, root causes of
social ills:
• food
• reduce inequalities of
wealth
• improve health systems
and outcomes
• foster education and
research
• shelter
• healthcare
Behind New Global Philanthropy
• Culture and religion
• Political change
• Economic liberalization
• New wealth
• Greater inequality
• External influences
Russia
The Country
The Sector
Regime change: collapse of communism
• Privatization of state enterprise, new
entrepreneurial ventures
• Oligarchs: wealthy industrialists and
entrepreneurs
• tax, legislative and regulatory regimes
Regime change: collapse of political
system
• previous repression of civil society,
dominance of state
• absence of rules regarding non-profits
• political controls
• growth of civil society
• vehicles for giving: corporations, family
giving, organized foundations
• gradual organization and
professionalization within political
limits
• foreign support and NGOs discouraged
• lack of transparency
China
The Country
The Sector
Regime change: economic liberalization
without political liberalization
• Vehicles for giving: personal, familyowned corporations, family controlled
foundations
• Growth of private sector alongside
state owned enterprises
• Growing social needs and problems,
e.g. environment, safety
• Unofficial civil society organizations
and GONGOs
• Stringent legal, regulatory, tax
framework
• Control by Ministry of Civil Affairs
• China Foundation Center
India
The Country
The Sector
Economic liberalization:
• large and lively non-profit sector
• deregulation
• tradition of giving e.g. Tata Foundation
• trade opening
• new foundations based on new wealth
• foreign investment
Political environment:
• democratic tradition
• inadequate laws and taxation, complex
and bureaucratic regulation
Brazil
The Country
The Sector
Regime change: from military dictatorship
to democracy
• large civil society sector
• growth and legitimacy of once
repressed civil society organizations
• residual distrust of secular nongovernmental organizations
Regime change: economic liberalization
• growth of business sector and wealth
• globalization
• outdated laws, regulations, taxation
policy
• gradual institutionalization
• corporate giving and CSR based on
global marketplace, family foundations
• education and social services
Common Themes
Things are happening:
• wealth creation combined with inequality
• greater giving
• evolving laws, tax and regulatory systems gradually
becoming more accommodating but long way to go
• greater institutionalization of giving
• greater organization of philanthropic sector
Common Themes
• Primary focus on charity
Education and training as bridge to social
change/philanthropy
• Elements of philanthropy
-democracies, i.e. Brazil and India, more likely to support
social change, advocacy
• Difficult to separate personal, family and corporate
philanthropy
• Lack of legitimacy in eyes of public and of state
Challenges
• Improving legal and regulatory regimes and
bureaucratic practices
• Creating standards
• Improving transparency
• Building civil society
• Enhancing legitimacy