Tunisia’s Strategy on Climate Change
Focus on mitigation initiatives & NAMAs
development in the energy sector
Imed Fadhel
Climate Change National Focal Point
Tunisia
National context
Land Use Change
and Forestry
9%
Waste
5%
Agriculture
20%
Industrial
processes
Energy 55%
11%
Gross GHG emissions distribution by source
- GDP
distribution: 55% Services, 33%
Industry and 12% Agriculture;
-Since early 2000s, net importer of
energy due to depletion of its fossil
resources and the important growth of
its energy demand.
-Total GHG emissions in Tunisia:32
million CO2e // 3.4 tCO2e per capita.
GDP (historic development since 1990 in US$)
Context (energy sector)
A: Evolution of GDP and GHG emissions due to energy
C: Evolution of the primary energy intensity in toe/1000 TND
1 TND = 0.6 USD
B: Evolution of the primary energy use
(toe per capita)
D: Evolution of GHG emissions due to energy
In 1000 tCO2e
National Strategy on Climate Change
GHG mitigation objectives
Ambitious objectives:
1. Reduction of the carbon intensity of the
economy of about 60% in 2030 compared to
2009 levels:
– Promoting EE policies and measures to contribute to
the continuous decreasing of the carbon intensity of
about 2-3% per year;
– Increasing the share of RE in the electricity
consumption to 30% in 2030 (less than 1% now).
2. Stabilization of the GHG emissions by 2050.
Overview of NAMAs Development in Tunisia
(1) NAMA support Project for The Tunisian Solar Plan (TSP)
• The TSP represents the most important
programmed initiative in the energy sector (EE
and RE).
• TSP is covering 2010-2030 with the identification
of 40 projects in the first period 2010-2016.
• Two main objectives :
Reduction in energy demand by 24% in 2016 & 40%
in 2030;
Increasing the share of RE in electricity generation
capacity to 11% in 2016 and 30% in 2030.
Overview of NAMAs Development in Tunisia
(1) NAMA support Project for The Tunisian Solar Plan (TSP) –
continue
• TSP potential evaluated on the basis of two scenarios:
– A baseline scenario: continuity of the current trends in energy
conservation;
– A mitigation scenario : full implementation of the TSP and
results in carbon intensity decrease to 0.48 tCO2e per 1000
TND in 2030.
• In the reference scenario, the GHG emissions level would reach 60
million tCO2e in 2030 and, thus, would increase with an average
rate of 3.7% per year between 2009 and 2030.
• In the mitigation scenario, the reinforcement of actions in EE and
RE would limit the GHG emissions growth rate to 1.1% per year.
The GHG emissions would reach 35 million tCO2e in 2030.
Overview of NAMAs Development in Tunisia
(1) NAMA support project for The Tunisian Solar Plan (TSP) –
continue
The avoided GHG emissions would reach 6 million
tCO2e by 2016 and 25 million tCO2e by 2030.
Mitigation potential of the TSP in million tonnes of CO2 equivalent
28
Overview of NAMAs Development in Tunisia
(1) NAMA support Project for The Tunisian Solar Plan (TSP) –
continue
•
The project document is under conception / to be submitted to GEF in early 2014
(GEF contribution ≈ 4 million USD, Co-financing ≈ 63 million USD);
•
Main Project objectives:
– Complete a comprehensive barrier analysis for mitigation
options in the energy generation and end-use sector, relating
specifically to targets and objectives outlined in the TSP;
– Identify, analyse, screen and design 3 NAMAs that are aligned
with TSP targets and objectives;
– Develop a NAMA enabling environment («joined-up»
institutional framework, operational multi-sectoral policy
dialogue, defined and approved policy and financial tools (fiscal
incentives, feed-in tariffs, net-metering, concessional credits,
loan programme facility, etc.).
– Implement one of the three selected NAMAs.
Overview of NAMAs Development in Tunisia
(2) GHG mitigation mechanism for the cement sector
Supported by the German Government
Context of the cement sector in Tunisia – relevance of the mechanism:
Energy and climate change indicators:
The final energy consumption (O.7 million toe) of the cement sector
represents the 1/3 of the total energy consumption by the inds. sector.
Total GHG emissions of the sector reached 6.4 million tCO2e in 2009.
MtCO2e
7,000
6,000
5,000
Process
Emissions
due emissions
to industrial processes: 56%56%
4,000
3,000
2,000
Directdue
emissions
Emissions
to thermal energy use: 34%
34%
Indirect emissions
Emissions
due to electricity use: 10%
10%
1,000
0,000
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
The mechanism is
under conception
with a view to
being “adapted” to
the UNFCCC
“mechanisms”: the
NAMAs and the
future NMM
Overview of NAMAs Development in Tunisia
(2) GHG mitigation mechanism for the cement sector- continue
How can the emissions of the cement sector be mitigated:
An in-depth discussions and dialogue with the cement sector have helped
identify GHG mitigation potential of 8 million tCO2e over 2014-2020 based on
the implementation of 4 categories of emission reduction measures:
- EE: 1.7 million tCO2e over 2014-2020
- RE: 2.5 million tCO2e over 2014-2020
- Co-processing (use of waste as fuel): 2.6 million tCO2e over 2014-2020
- Finer segmenting of the cement market allowing reduction of the
clinker/cement ratio (for specific uses): 1.2 million tCO2e over 2014-2020
Overview of NAMAs Development in Tunisia
(2) GHG mitigation mechanism for the cement sector- continue
Structure of the mitigation mechanism
Achievement/exceeding targets
Individual performance contracts
The organizational component is
the cornerstone of the
mechanism: it comprises the
setting up of a management unit
(at the national Agency for
Energy Conservation) and the
conclusion and the
implementation of a volontary
agreement between Tunisan Gov.
and the Cement sector
Voluntary agreement between cement producers and the Tunisian government
Overview of NAMAs Development in Tunisia
(2) GHG mitigation mechanism for the cement sector- continue
Cement Producers Association
National Agency for Energy
Conservation (ANME), Ministries
of Environment, Industry, Energy,
Infrastructure, cement producers,
donors, etc.
Management Unit of the Mitigation
Mechanism
- Cost of the implementation of the mitigation mechanism is around 7
million Euros and would allow the mobilization of invest of around 970
million Euros in less carbon-intensive technologies.
-The National Agency for Energy Conservation (ANME)and GIZ are preparing
the launch of the mechanism and are in dialogue with various international
donors.
Overview of NAMAs Development in Tunisia
(3) The building sector NAMA - continue
Supported by the German Government
Context of the building sector in Tunisia – relevance of the NAMA:
Largest energy consuming sector (over 3 million toe in 2012)
Has the largest GHG mitigation potential to be achieved by energy
efficiency measures: 21 million of tCO2e over 2014-2020
In 1000 tCO2e
Distribution of energy consumption
by sector (2012)
GHG mitigation potential for the Transport,
Building and Industry sectors
Overview of NAMAs Development in Tunisia
(3) The building sector NAMA - continue
Objective: Promote energy efficiency (EE) and use of
renewable energies in the building sector:
Focus on thermal insulation, enhanced building design, EE
appliances, efficient lighting, use of SWH systems and PV Sys.;
Embedded in the national strategy on EE;
Builds on existing national energy conservation programmes.
Core of the NAMA: Funding vehicle tprovide subsidies, soft
loans or other incentives to building owners or investors in
energy efficient technologies
Extension or scaling up of an existing funding vehicle for solar
water heaters and roofing insulation;
Additional incentive schemes for comprehensive coverage of
building energy efficiency measures.
Overview of NAMAs Development in Tunisia
(3) The building sector NAMA - continue
Other measures:
•Training and capacity building Prog. to develop knowledge and skills
base required for widespread implementation of EE technologies;
• Public awareness raising and educational campaign;
NAMA development activities and next steps:
Support the Tunisian Gov. to define and develop a comprehensive
NAMA proposal and finance strategy, through the elaboration of
Technical-economic analysis of the building sector in Tunisia,
including
-Barriers for EE technologies in the building sector;
-Mitigation potential and cost of different technology options.
Implementation plan including a comprehensive monitoring,
reporting and verification (MRV) system;
NAMA proposal and finance plan to a sufficient level of detail to
attract international NAMA funding and investment.
Overview of NAMAs Development in Tunisia
(4) The sanitation (wastewater treatment) sector NAMA
Supported by the German Government
Context of the sanitation sector – relevance of the NAMA
• Baseline scenario: 0.79 million tCO2e in 2020 and 0.94 million
tCO2e in 2030
• 84% of the emissions are due to wastewater and sludge
management (CH4) and 16% are due to the energy consumption.
Main objectives of the Initiative:
-Develop GHG mitigation potential of the sanitation sector;
- Analyze different mitigation options (reuse of sludge to produce
biogas, energy efficiency measures, use of renewable energies
and process change).
- Develop a NAMA proposal and finance plan to attract
international NAMA funding and investment.
-Build capacities, in particular on MRV in the sanitation sector.
Overview of NAMAs Development in Tunisia
(5) The Agriculture, Land Use Change and Forestry NAMA
Supported by the German Government
Context – relevance of the NAMA
• The sectors represent jointly the 2nd source of GHG emissions in
Tunisia (29% of the total Gross GHG emissions in 2000)
• Preliminary studies: mitigation potential exceeding 3 million
tCO2e by 2020.
Main objectives of the Initiative:
-Develop GHG mitigation potential ;
- Analyze different mitigation options (efficient use of fertilizers,
improvement of cattle breeding, biomass conservation and
plantation, etc. ).
- Develop a NAMA proposal and finance plan to attract
international NAMA funding and investment.
-Build capacities, in particular on MRV.
Thank you