Name ____________________________ Date ____________________ Class ____________
Respiration and Excretion
■
Guided Reading and Study
The Respiratory System
This section describes the parts of the respiratory system and how they work to help
you breathe and speak.
Use Target Reading Skills
As you read, complete the flowchart below to show the path of air in the respiratory system.
Write each step of the process in a separate box in the order in which it occurs.
Path of Air
Air enters the nose.
To the pharynx
Respiratory System Functions
1.
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Respiration and
Excretion
Circle the letter of each sentence that is true about oxygen.
a. The air you breathe is part of the Earth’s atmosphere, the blanket of gases that
surrounds Earth.
b. Oxygen makes up about 78 percent of the gases in the atmosphere.
c. Your body uses all of the air that you breathe into your lungs.
d. Most of the air you breathe in goes back into the atmosphere when you exhale.
Name ____________________________ Date ____________________ Class ____________
Respiration and Excretion
■
Guided Reading and Study
The Respiratory System
2.
(continued)
What are two functions of the respiratory system?
a. _____________________________________________________________________
b. _____________________________________________________________________
3.
________________________ is needed for the energy-releasing chemical
reactions that take place inside your cells.
4.
What is respiration?
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
5.
List three products of respiration.
a. ________________________ b. ________________________
c. ________________________
6.
Is the following sentence true or false? To a scientist, breathing and
respiration mean the same thing. ________________________
7.
Circle the letters of the organ systems that make respiration possible.
a. circulatory system
b. reproductive system
c. respiratory system
d. digestive system
The Path of Air
8.
Is the following sentence true or false? When you breathe in air, you also breathe in
dust, pollen, and microorganisms. ________________________
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Name ____________________________ Date ____________________ Class ____________
Respiration and Excretion
9.
■
Guided Reading and Study
Complete the flowchart to show the path of air as it travels to the lungs.
The Path of Air
Air enters the body through two
or openings, in the nose.
,
Air moves through the
is also a part of the digestive system.
Air moves into the
, which
, or windpipe.
Air moves through the
passages that direct air into the lungs.
,
10. What does a sneeze do?
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
11. Another name for the pharynx is the ________________________.
Match the parts of the nose with their functions.
Parts
Functions
____ 12. nostrils
a. Moistens the air and traps particles in the air
____ 13. nasal cavities
b. Openings in the nose through which air enters
____ 14. mucus
c. Tiny hairlike extensions that sweep mucus into the
throat
____ 15. cilia
d. Spaces lined with cilia and mucus
Respiration and
Excretion
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Name ____________________________ Date ____________________ Class ____________
Respiration and Excretion
■
Guided Reading and Study
The Respiratory System
(continued)
16. Circle the letter of each body part that is connected to the pharynx.
a. stomach
b. nose
c. mouth
d. ears
17. The walls of the trachea are made up of rings of
________________________ that strengthen the trachea and keep it open.
18. Is the following sentence true or false? The cilia and mucus in the trachea
sweep upward, moving the mucus toward the nose where it is sneezed
out. ________________________
19. If food enters the trachea, a person can ________________________.
20. Circle the letter of the respiratory organs that the air reaches after the
bronchi.
a. trachea
b. nose
c. lungs
d. pharynx
21. Is the following sentence true or false? Inside the lungs, each bronchus
divides into smaller and smaller tubes. ________________________
22. What happens in the alveoli?
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
Gas Exchange
23. What occurs during the process of gas exchange?
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
24. Why can the lungs absorb a large amount of oxygen?
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
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Name ____________________________ Date ____________________ Class ____________
Respiration and Excretion
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Guided Reading and Study
How You Breathe
25. Is the following sentence true or false? The more oxygen you need, the
more slowly you breathe. ________________________
26. What is the diaphragm? __________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
27. Complete the cycle diagram to show the process of breathing.
Rib muscles and diaphragm contract, making
.
the chest cavity
The air is squeezed out of the
, and you exhale.
The pressure of the air inside the lungs
.
Air rushes into the chest, and you
.
The rib muscles and diaphragm relax, and the
.
chest cavity becomes
28. Another name for the voice box is the ________________________.
29. What are vocal cords?
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
30. How do vocal cords create your voice?
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
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Respiration and
Excretion
________________________________________________________________________
Name ____________________________ Date ____________________ Class ____________
Respiration and Excretion
■
Review and Reinforce
The Respiratory System
Understanding Main Ideas
Answer the following on a separate sheet of paper.
How does respiration differ from breathing?
What are the two functions of the respiratory system?
Through what structures does air pass to get to the lungs?
What three ways does the respiratory system modify air before it reaches
the lungs?
5. What gases are exchanged in the respiratory system?
6. How do you inhale and exhale?
7. How is the sound of your voice produced?
1.
2.
3.
4.
Building Vocabulary
Label the diagram with the parts of the respiratory system.
12.
(Vibrate to
produce voice)
8.
(Shared with
digestive system)
9.
13.
(Voice box)
10.
14.
11.
15.
(Sac of lung tissue where
gas exchange takes place)
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Name ____________________________ Date ____________________ Class ____________
Respiration and Excretion
■
Guided Reading and Study
Smoking and Your Health
This section explains what harmful chemicals are in tobacco smoke and how these
chemicals harm the body.
Use Target Reading Skills
As you read, identify the effects of smoking on the body. Write the information in the
graphic organizer below.
Effects
Increase in breathing and heart rate
due to carbon monoxide in smoke
Cause
Smoking
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Name ____________________________ Date ____________________ Class ____________
Respiration and Excretion
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Guided Reading and Study
Chemicals in Tobacco Smoke
1.
Complete the table to show the harmful chemicals in tobacco smoke.
Harmful Chemicals in Tobacco Smoke
Chemical
What It Is
How It Harms the Body
Tar
Carbon Monoxide
A drug that produces an
addiction, or physical
dependence
Health Problems and Smoking
2.
Circle the letter of each sentence that is true about the effects of tobacco
smoke.
a. Tobacco smoke does not harm the respiratory system.
b. Smokers cough frequently because their cilia cannot sweep away mucus.
c. Smokers do not get as much oxygen because mucus buildup blocks air flow into
the lungs.
d. Heavy smokers can easily take part in vigorous sports.
3.
List four respiratory problems that result from long-term smoking.
a.________________________ b.________________________
c.________________________ d.________________________
4.
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Respiration and
Excretion
Is the following sentence true or false? Long-term, or chronic, bronchitis
has no effect on the breathing passages. ________________________
Name ____________________________ Date ____________________ Class ____________
Respiration and Excretion
■
Guided Reading and Study
Smoking and Your Health
(continued)
5.
A serious disease that destroys lung tissue and causes difficulty in
breathing is ________________________.
6.
What causes emphysema?
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
7.
Is the following sentence true or false? Cigarette smoke has over 50
different chemicals that cause cancer. ________________________
8.
How do the chemicals in tobacco smoke affect blood vessels?
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
9.
Is the following sentence true or false? Smokers are more likely to have
heart attacks than nonsmokers. ________________________
10. What is passive smoking?
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
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Name ____________________________ Date ____________________ Class ____________
Respiration and Excretion
■
Review and Reinforce
Smoking and Your Health
Understanding Main Ideas
Answer the following on a separate sheet of paper.
1. What are three of the most harmful chemicals in tobacco smoke?
2. How does tar affect the cilia in your respiratory system and why is this
harmful?
3. How does inhaling carbon monoxide decrease the oxygen level in your
blood?
4. Describe how bronchitis, emphysema, and lung cancer affect the
respiratory system.
5. How is smoking related to atherosclerosis?
6. How does smoking affect the likelihood a person will have a heart attack?
Building Vocabulary
Match each term with its definition by writing the letter of the correct definition in
the right column on the line beside the term in the left column.
____ 7. addiction
____ 8. bronchitis
____ 9. carbon monoxide
____ 10. emphysema
____ 11. nicotine
____ 12. tar
a. a dark, sticky substance produced when
tobacco burns
b. a dangerous, colorless, and odorless gas
c. irritation of the breathing passages
d. a drug that speeds the activities of the
nervous system and heart
e. a disease that destroys lung tissue
f. a physical dependence on a substance
Respiration and
Excretion
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Name ____________________________ Date ____________________ Class ____________
Respiration and Excretion
■
Guided Reading and Study
The Excretory System
This section explains how the parts of the excretory system work.
Use Target Reading Skills
Before you read, preview Figure 11. Then write two questions that you have about
the diagram in the graphic organizer below. As you read, answer your question.
Q. Where are the nephrons located?
A.
Q.
A.
Introduction
1.
What is the function of the excretory system?
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
2.
The process of removing wastes from the body is ________________________.
The Excretory System
3.
What are two wastes that the body must get rid of?
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
Match the term with its definition.
Definitions
a. The major organs of the excretory system
____ 5. kidneys
b. A watery fluid that contains urea and other wastes
____ 6. urine
c. A chemical that comes from the breakdown of proteins
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Respiration and
Excretion
Terms
____ 4. urea
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Respiration and Excretion
■
Guided Reading and Study
The Excretory System (continued)
7.
Complete the flowchart to show how wastes are removed from the body.
Removing Wastes
Blood flows through the kidneys.
Kidneys filter the
the wastes.
, removing
Urine flows from the kidneys through two narrow tubes called
to a sacklike muscular organ called the
, which stores urine.
When the bladder is full, urine flows out of the body through a tube called the
.
Filtration of Wastes
8.
What are nephrons?
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
9.
What are the stages of urine formation?
a. _____________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
b. _____________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
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Respiration and Excretion
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Guided Reading and Study
10. Is the following sentence true or false? Urea and glucose stay in the
capillaries while blood cells and protein molecules move into the
capsule of a nephron. ________________________
11. List the substances that are returned to the blood and those that stay in
the kidneys after the kidneys filter the blood.
Returned to blood: ________________________
Stay in kidneys: ________________________
12. Why is a chemical analysis of urine useful to doctors?
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
Excretion and Homeostasis
13. The kidneys help maintain homeostasis by regulating the amount of
________________________ in the body.
14. Is the following sentence true or false? If you’ve been sweating a lot and
haven’t had much to drink, your body will absorb less water and
produce a larger volume of urine. ________________________
15. What are three other organs of excretion, not including the kidneys?
a.________________________ b.________________________
c.________________________
16. What is the function of the liver?
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
Respiration and
Excretion
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Name ____________________________ Date ____________________ Class ____________
Respiration and Excretion
■
Review and Reinforce
The Excretory System
Understanding Main Ideas
Answer the following on a separate sheet of paper.
1. What are three substances that the excretory system removes from the
body?
2. Describe the path of urine through the body from its formation to its
elimination from the body.
3. What is the main organ of excretion? What are three other organs of
excretion?
4. How do the kidneys maintain water balance in the body?
5. Where in the body are nephrons? Briefly describe the two-stage process in
which they help to produce urine.
Label the diagram with the names of the parts of the excretory system.
6.
7.
8.
9.
Building Vocabulary
Answer the following in the spaces provided.
10. What is excretion?
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
11. Compare and contrast the ureters and the urethra.
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
12. What is urea?
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
13. What is urine?
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
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