Research in Physical Education, Sport and Health
2014, Vol. 3, No. 1, pp. 93-98
ISSN(Print):1857-8152; ISSN(Online):1857-8160
FEATURES TECHNICAL AND MOTOR TRAINING OF YOUNG BASKETBALL
PLAYERS FROM THE REPUBLIC OF ALBANIA
UDC:796.323.015.134(496.5)
(Original scientific paper)
Lyudmil Petrov1, Edmond Bicoku2
1
“St. Cyril and st. Methodius” University of Veliko Turnovo, Faculty of Education, Head of Department of Theory
and Methods of Physical Education, Bulgaria,
2
“St. Cyril and st. Methodius” University of Veliko Turnovo, Faculty of Education, PhD study in Department of
Theory and Methods of Physical Education, Bulgaria,
Abstract:
Aim of the study was to investigate the characteristics of the technical and motor training of young
basketball players of 15-18 years of age by R. Albania. Approbation educational and training program in
the two years period, which focuses on the characteristics of young basketball players, was made.
Key Words: Basketball, young basketball players, features of technical and motor training
Introduction
Features of the organism of adolescent basketball players (15-18 years old) from anatomy physiological and psychological perspective are related with completion of the process of growth of body
height, weight increase and improving the functions of all organs and systems. Ossification of the spinal
cord ends at 18-25 years of age. In a very short time after 14 years of age tendons and joints are
strengthened and developed, as well as muscle mass. The duration of the current attention reaches 40
minutes [8].
According to E. Messina [6], the characteristics of basketball training in adolescents is associated with
predominance in team exercises with more technical training and less tactical. Fore these players more
important is knowledge of the basic elements than tactical play of the team. The philosophy of the game
should be directed to speed and aggressive play.
Tsarova R. and T. Frutis [7] examine the physical and technical preparation of 15 years-old basketball
players. Evaluation is performed with T- assessments and the wheel correlation to determine the
proportion of the various indicators of physical and technical preparation of the girls.
M. Terzieva [5] experiment in classes of physical education and sport various training programs to
improve the basketball skills of 16-17 students, depending on their physical and technical qualities and
skills.
Tsarov K., R. Tsarova [6] have established the factor structure of physical and technical preparedness
of 14 years-old basketball players.
L. Petrov [3] studied the development of motor skills in young basketball players 12-18 years of age
during the 1992-2003 year and has established deterioration of boys and sportsmen, a result of the
continued restraint of children and poor conditions for sport in future. D. Jovanovic - Golubovic and M.
Kosich [1] study cadet basketball players to establish the link between situational - motor precision in
shooting at motion and basic motor skills such as speed, explosive power and flexibility.
N. Popov, Y. Barbas [4] indicate that the most important criteria for initial selection in the sports
games are physical properties and motor abilities. Later the significance is shifted to psycho-motor and
intellectual sphere to emotional volitional sphere. Significance headed to psychological phenomena and
essential qualities of the individual sportsman.)
Material & methods
Scientific problem. There are no studies in Albania in terms of the characteristics of motor and technical
training in young basketball players 15-18 years old, covering all basketball teams in the cadet age.
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FEATURES TECHNICAL AND MOTOR TRAINING OF YOUNG …
Working hypothesis. We suppose that after the second year of implementing an own program of
basketball training process to 15-18 years old basketball players will get better results than the standard
method used up to now in Albania.
Aim of the study: To study the characteristics of technical and motor training in 15-18 years old
basketball players from Albania.
Tasks:
1. Examine and analyze the issue, according to sources of information - books, internet, international
basketball seminars, etc.
2. To analyze the characteristics of the physical and technical preparation of young basketball players
from Albania in the period 2011-2013 year;
3. Develop and approve educational and training program for cadets - 15-18 years old basketball
players.
4. To compare the results of the initial and final level in the two-year old process of experimental and
control groups and to determine the influence of the applied methodology the physical and
mechanical properties of young basketball players.
The subject of scientific research is to study the characteristics of motor and technical training of young
basketball players from Albania.
An object of study is the influence of the applied method on the physical properties and motor skills of
sportsmen on their technical basketball training.
Studied contingent are basketball cadet teams (up to 18 years old) from the city of Elbasan - Elbasani,
Teuta, Durres, Skenderbeu, Korca and Apollonia, city Fier, Albania and teams in average level from
Bulgaria at the same age.
Methodology. The team of Elbasan trains 5-6 times a week for two hours a day and makes about 22
training days in a month, training all the 12 months of the year. In this way, the team makes 520 training hours
per year.
Table 1. Control tests used in the study
Control tests
Units
1. Jump with two feet
2. Triple jump
3. Running 20 m
4. Pushups
Cm
Cm
S
N
Measurement
accuracy
1
1
0.01
1
5. Dribbling between three stands
S
6. Running and protective move between three stands
7. Shuttle run
8. Jump shot
9. Free Throws
S
S
N
n
Direction
Code
+
+
+
skok
sk3
B20
Lo
0.01
-
drs
0.01
0.01
1
1
+
+
bs
sov
so
nu
Results
Tables with numbers 2 and 3 and Charts 1 and 2 are presenting the initial and final results of the twoyear experiment.
Table 2.1. First study. Motor training.
X
S
V
Min
Max
R
t
94
1
elb1 skok
227.93
16.03
7.03
200
250
50
0.0004
2
elb1 sk3
655.6
47.27
7.21
580
715
65
0.03
3
elb1 B20
3.12
0.14
4.49
2.93
3.42
0.49
0.01
4
еlb1 Lo
22.13
7.62
34.43
7
31
24
0.001
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L. Petrov et. al.
Table 2.2. First study. Technical training.
X
S
V
Min
Max
R
t
5
elb1 drs
8.06
0.39
4.84
7.48
8.79
1.31
0.0003
6
elb1 bs
10.41
0.49
4.71
9.53
11.3
1.77
0.0003
7
elb1 sov
30.11
1.13
3.75
28.27
32.27
4
0.008
8
elb1 so
3.33
2.02
60.66
1
8
7
0.003
9
elb1 nu
6.13
1.92
31.32
4
10
6
0.04
Table 3.1. Second study. Motor training
.
1
elb2 skok
249.33
15.51
6.22
225
275
50
21.4
X
S
V
Min
Max
R
d
2
elb2 sk3
688.07
44.66
6.49
606
755
149
32.47
3
elb 2 B20
3
0.11
4
2.87
3.25
0.38
0.12
4
Elb2 Lo
31.47
6.07
19.29
21
41
20
9.34
Table 3.2. Second study. Technical training.
5
elb2 drs
7.64
0.41
5.37
7.1
8.63
1.53
0.42
X
S
V
Min
Max
R
D
6
elb2 bs
9.69
0.51
5.26
9.08
10.89
1.81
0.72
7
elb2 sov
29.19
0.81
2.77
27.92
31.02
3.1
0.92
8
elb2 so
5.07
0.88
17.36
4
7
3
1.74
9
elb2 nu
7.2
1.15
15.97
5
9
4
1.07
Chart 1.
Tests for technical training - indicators of basketball players in
Elbasan - first and second study
7.02
6.13
elb1 nu
5.07
3.33
elb1 so
29.20
30.11
elb1 sov
First study
9.69
10.41
elb1 bs
7.64
8.06
elb1 drs
0
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Second study
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
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FEATURES TECHNICAL AND MOTOR TRAINING OF YOUNG …
Chart 2.
Motor training - achievements of basketball players in Elbasan - first and second
study
31.47
22.13
elb2 Lo
3
3.12
elb 2 B20
Second study
688.07
655.6
elb2 sk3
First study
277.93
249.33
elb2 skok
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
Discussion
Although the differences are not reliable Pt<95%, there are improvements of results in the following
indicators of physical training:
- Improvement in the standing jump with two feet with 21.4 cm;
- Improvement in the triple jump with 32,47 cm;
- Improvement in 20m running with 0.12 s;
- Improvement in test "Pushups" to denial with 9.34 units.
In terms of indicators of technical ability there are the following changes:
- Minimum improvement of dribbling between stands by 0.41 s, the same was observed in running
between stands – improvement with 0.71 s and in shuttle race with 0.92 s.
- In jump shot and free throws the improvement is between 1 and 2 points.
Thereby the hypothesis is corroborated that the applied method of preparation gives better results in
improving of motor and technical abilities of young basketball players.
Тhe achievements of the team of Elbasan, compared to the average in Albania and Bulgaria in
basketball players in the same age, have differences as follows:
1. The team of Elbasan marks better achievement in the "jump" test from the average in Albania (x>
20.93 cm), but lags from Bulgarian basketball players (x <18.41 cm).
2. In the test "Jump 3" the team of Elbasan again has better achievements than the average from
Albania (x> 20.93), but lags far from Bulgaria (x <68.73 cm).
3. The test for speed "B20" informs about the best development of the team of Elbasan, which
outclasses players from Albania and Bulgaria with 0.2 and 0.1 s.
4. In the test "Pushups" is observed again the superiority of the basketball experimental team
Elbasan with 31.47 units from the average in Bulgaria (30.5) and the average in Albania (20).
Apparently the strength of the upper limbs is not a priority in Albanian teams
Chart 3. Comparing the achievements of physical preparedness of basketball players in Elbasan, average from
Albania and Bulgaria
280
270
260
250
240
230
220
210
200
267.74
249.33
Elbasan
228.4
Albania
Bulgaria
1
96
Test Jump 3
cm
cm
Test Jump
780
760
740
720
700
680
660
640
620
600
756.8
Elbasan
688.07
665.4
Albania
Bulgaria
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L. Petrov et. al.
Tst running 20 m
3.25
Test Pushups
3.2
3.2
3.1
Elbasan
3.1
Albania
s
3.05
n
3.15
3
Bulgaria
3
2.95
2.9
32
31
30
29
28
27
26
31.47
30.5
Elbasan
Albania
28
Bulgaria
1
1
Chart 4. Comparing the achievements of the technical preparedness of basketball players from Elbasan, average
from Albania and Bulgaria
Test "bs"
Test "drs"
25.1
26
25
22.5
24.06
22.1
22
24
Elbasan
23
Elbasan
21.5
Albania
21.3
22
21.6
21
Series3
21
Albania
20.82
Bulgaria
20.5
20
20
19
1
1
Test "so"
Test "sov"
13.9
67.5
14
67.5
67
12
66.22
66.5
Elbasan
66
65.5
9.1
Elbasan
8
Albania
65.2
9.99
10
Albania
6
Bulgaria
65
4
64.5
2
Bulgaria
0
64
1
1
Test "nu"
13.8
14
12
10
8.13
7.8
8
Elbasan
Albania
6
Bulgaria
4
2
0
1
The features of technical preparedness are related to the learning and training process in
childhood years and the competition in the game of young basketball players. The achievements
of the team in Elbasan are influenced by the model which is applied within 2 years.
Achievements of the team of Elbasan, compared to the average in Albania and Bulgaria of basketball
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FEATURES TECHNICAL AND MOTOR TRAINING OF YOUNG …
players in the same age, are presented in Figure 4, but the differences which are not reliable (Pt <95%)
are the following:
 The team of Elbasan marks better achievements in the "drs" test (dribbling between stands) than
the average for Albania (x <1.04 s), but lags from Bulgarian basketball players (x> 2.74 s).
 The "bs" test (running between stands) informs about speed endurance and the technique of
specific movement. Again the team of Elbasan is with the best achievement (20.82 s), followed
by Bulgarian basketball players (21.6) and the average level in Albania (x +22.1).
 Test "sov" (shuttle running from line to line) is very characteristic for the movement in
basketball. It informs about the best development of this quality in the team of Elbasan, which
outclass players from Albania and Bulgaria with the minimum 0.2 and 0.1 s.
 In "so" test (jump shot) it is observed a slight superiority of experimental basketball group
Elbasan with 9.99 hits from the average in Albania (9.1) and well below the average in Bulgaria
(13.9). It is important to develop this technical element.
 The feature of free throws shots (test "nu") is standard on this shooting in the basket.
Experimental group Elbasan outclasses Albanian average (8.13 goals against 7.8), but lags from
Bulgarian teams that have achievement 13.8.
Conclusions
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
The features of physical and technical preparedness in 15-18 years old basketball players in the Republic of
Albania are not well studied in this respect, this study is a novelty.
The observed experimental group of adolescents from Elbasan – Albania have showed better results after
two years of sport and pedagogical experiment in physical preparedness in all respects. In test "jump" with 21.4 cm, "jump3" - with 32.47 cm, "B20" - 0.12 s and "Lo" - 9.34 units.
The technical preparedness of the experimental group also records a growth during the experiment. The
improvement is minimal in dribbling between stands with 0.41 s, the same is observed in running between
tables - improvement with 0.71 s and a shuttle running with 0.92 s. The improvement in jump shot and foul
shot is between 1 and 2 points.
In a comparative analysis between the experimental group, the average level in Albania and the average
level in Bulgaria it’s observed a slight superiority of the team of Elbasan from the average levels in Albania
and Bulgaria regarding of specific basketball movement (test "bs" and test "sov"). The experimental group
has better achievements than the average in Albania, but lags from Bulgaria in the other technical features
dribbling between stands, jump shot and foul shot.
The developed educational and training program for age "cadets" - 15-18 years old basketball players is
successful. In the next stage of its development should be emphasize to a greater degree of technical
training of the players in the part for jump shot, free foul shot and dribbling in difficult conditions.
References:
Jovanovich-Golubovich, M. Kosich (2002) Vyzdejstvieto na silata I byrzinata vyrhu strelbata v kosha v dvigenie, sb.
Kinesiology’2002, Veliko Turnovo, Tom 1, s. 193.
Mesina, E. (2000) Mevdunarodna konferencia po basketbol, ABF, Tirana.
Petrov, L. (2011) Holistichna syshtnost I funkcii na podgotovkata na mladi basketbolisti, I&B, Veliko Turnovo.
Popov, N., Y. Barbas (2003) Vyprosi na sportniya podbor i psihologicheskata prigodnost na systezateli po borba, NSA-PRES,
Sofia.
Terzieva, M. (2005) Programata po basketbol v zadylgitelnoizbiraema podgotovka kato trenirovychen proces, sp. Sport i Nauka,
Sofia, br. 1., s. 63.
Tsarov, K., R. Tsarova (2005) Faktorna struktura na fizicheskata i tehnicheskata podgotvenost na 14-godishni basketbolisti, sp.,
Sport i Nauka, (Izv.broj 4), s. 43.
Tsarova, R., T. Frutis (2004) Izsledvane na fizicheskata I tehniko-takticheskata podgotvenost na naj-dobrite 15 godishni
bulgarski basketbolisti, Kongress “Sport, Stress, Adaptation”, Sofia, s. 561.
1. Topuozov, I. (2001) Sportna medicina, Universitetsko izdatelstvo, Blagoevgrad.
Corresponding Author
prof. Lyudmil Petrov, PhD
“St. Cyril and st. Methodius” University of Veliko Turnovo, Faculty of Education,
Department of Theory and Methods of Physical Education
Veliko Turnovo
Bulgaria
E-mail:[email protected]
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