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° W Y (K$D$Ky8 % ,/(" !.5B'$ B'C!$h*ÂD$/K'*F$ (2 9° _ W Y ¤\ T (" @ !.5B'$HB'C!= $ = &yBM *)!*NK' !$D *NB'4() = @ ¤ = (2 µ 9°N _ W Y ¤\ T $/+#$/,B%BMC!$7&'"%*+4+#$/&yB = | 2L(K C54,OC 4&BMC5$ " 4)54".!" BM( BMC!#)ª® ®5 .= BM!.5B
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f
2
4
key:
r = (0.01, 0.005)
r = (0.01, 0.001)
r = (0.01, 0.0005)
r = (0.01, 0.0001)
r = (0.005, 0.001)
r = (0.005, 0.0005)
r = (0.005, 0.0001)
r = (0.001, 0.0005)
r = (0.001, 0.0001)
r = (0.0005, 0.0001)
3.5
3
2.5
b(i,j)
a(i,j)
1.5
key:
r = (0.01, 0.005)
r = (0.01, 0.001)
r = (0.01, 0.0005)
r = (0.01, 0.0001)
r = (0.005, 0.001)
r = (0.005, 0.0005)
r = (0.005, 0.0001)
r = (0.001, 0.0005)
r = (0.001, 0.0001)
r = (0.0005, 0.0001)
1
2
1.5
0.5
1
0.5
0
0
*
0
#F.!K'$hÉ £* ()9D$/K'F$/)!,$(2gB'C!$$&yB'4"%*NBM$&2L(K A°N _ W Y 2L(K
% 0 ()9D$K'F$)!,/$(2sBMC5$
= $/&BM#"V*NB'$/& °N _ W Y 2L(K
= $J!$/" ()!&BMKM*BM$ BMC5$0-$/C!*ÂD#(Ks(2 ¾ W Y *)5 e W Y 2L(Kj
¾G#)6F.!Ky$É s &j,/*)o0¡$&y$/$/)
BMC5$V,/()D$/KyF$/)!,$E(,,/.!Ky& @ .! BM$V&y(() = IJ= C!@ $V ,/*&'$&¾
= = ¸ ÁQ*K'$ &'#"%#+ *K1*)5 !(H)!(B,()9D$8 µ
*!5#BM#()*+¡4)!&y4FC9BJC5$/)!,$ $h5( )5(B&'C!( B'C!$/" C5$/K'$ = = =
0
200000
400000
600000
800000
1e+06
0
200000
n
600000
800000
1e+06
n
j
?
400000
j
KG
H
G
R
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MH
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2.1
2
2.1
key:
r = 0.01
r = 0.005
r = 0.001
r = 0.0005
r = 0.0001
2
1.9
e(i,j)
1.9
c(n,r)
"
eA
1.8
1.8
1.7
1.7
1.6
1.6
1.5
100
1000
?
*
#F.!Ky$ ()9D$K'F$)!,/$h(2 ±°N
10000
n
|
j
100000
1e+06
E
1.5
100
key:
r = (0.01, 0.005)
r = (0.01, 0.001)
r = (0.01, 0.0005)
r = (0.01, 0.0001)
r = (0.005, 0.001)
r = (0.005, 0.0005)
r = (0.005, 0.0001)
r = (0.001, 0.0005)
r = (0.001, 0.0001)
r = (0.0005, 0.0001)
0
N* )! °N _ W Y 2L(K
·3=M
= E
1000
10000
n
100000
1e+06
2.6
2.4
2.6
key:
r = 0.01
r = 0.005
r = 0.001
r = 0.0005
r = 0.0001
2.4
2.2
e(i,j)
c(n,r)
2.2
2
2
1.8
1.8
1.6
1.6
100
1000
?
2.6
*
#F.!Ky$ ()9D$K'F$)!,/$h(2 ±°N
10000
n
|
100000
j
1e+06
E
key:
r = (0.01, 0.005)
r = (0.01, 0.001)
r = (0.01, 0.0005)
r = (0.01, 0.0001)
r = (0.005, 0.001)
r = (0.005, 0.0005)
r = (0.005, 0.0001)
r = (0.001, 0.0005)
r = (0.001, 0.0001)
r = (0.0005, 0.0001)
0
N* )! °N _ W Y 2L(K
·3=M
= 100
1000
10000
n
E
key:
r = 0.01
r = 0.005
r = 0.001
r = 0.0005
r = 0.0001
100000
1e+06
=
2.6
2.4
2.2
2.2
e(i,j)
c(n,r)
2.4
2
2
1.8
1.8
1.6
1.6
100
1000
?
*
#F.!K'$Â ® ()9D$K'F$)!,/$(2 ±°
10000
n
j
100000
1e+06
E
key:
r = (0.01, 0.005)
r = (0.01, 0.001)
r = (0.01, 0.0005)
r = (0.01, 0.0001)
r = (0.005, 0.001)
r = (0.005, 0.0005)
r = (0.005, 0.0001)
r = (0.001, 0.0005)
r = (0.001, 0.0001)
r = (0.0005, 0.0001)
0
* )! ° _ W Y 2L(K ¾¸ ·3=M
= 100
1000
+E
10000
n
100000
1e+06
2.6
key:
r = 0.01
r = 0.005
r = 0.001
r = 0.0005
r = 0.0001
2.6
2.4
2.2
2.2
e(i,j)
c(n,r)
2.4
2
2
1.8
1.8
1.6
1.6
100
1000
?
*
#F.!K'$ ()9D$K'F$)!,/$(2 ±°
10000
n
j
100000
0
* )! ° _ W Y 2L(K ¾|Á ·3=M
= 1e+06
100
E
key:
r = (0.01, 0.005)
r = (0.01, 0.001)
r = (0.01, 0.0005)
r = (0.01, 0.0001)
r = (0.005, 0.001)
r = (0.005, 0.0005)
r = (0.005, 0.0001)
r = (0.001, 0.0005)
r = (0.001, 0.0001)
r = (0.0005, 0.0001)
1000
=
+E
10000
n
100000
1e+06
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