UNIVERSAL TRANSFORMERS OF LIGHT
FREQUENCY IN THE SPACE AND ON THE EARTH
Semikov S.A., Lobachevsky State University of Nizhni Novgorod , Russia
Electromagnetic spectrum
Methods of frequency-transformation:
1. Nonlinear effects;
Reducer as mechanical
2. Doppler effect;
analog of optical
3. Ritz effect.
frequency-transformer
Well-known methods of frequency-transformation
1.
2.
Nonlinear effects: generation of second and other upper optical
harmonics; parametric effects; Raman effect; phase self-modulation;
generation of THz-beams and attosecond pulses, etc.
Doppler effect: λ'=λ(1+Vr/c) or f '=f/(1+Vr/c)
Suggested method of frequency-transformation
3. Ritz effect: λ'=λ(1+Lar/c2) or f '=f/(1+Lar/c2).
The Ballistic
Theory of
Ritz, 1908
According to the ballistic model, light in addition to velocity C
gets the velocity V of the light-source, like projectile from airplane.
Walter Ritz
(1878-1909)
Difference in speeds of light from the
accelerating source would increase
interval between wavefronts and
increase the wave-length:
t’=t+L/(c–v)–L/ct(1+Lar/c2);
λ’=ct’=λ(1+Lar/c2);
Two signals, which were emitted by accelerating
f ’=1/t’=f/(1+Lar/c2).
source with delay t, arrived to detector with delay t’.
Ritz effect in outer space
В 1920-х гг.
Цурхелен и
Ла Роза
предсказали
большие
спектральные
сдвиги
в космосе от
эффекта Ритца.
Imaginary variation of temperature of the variable stars (d Cephei type)
were found from well-known galaxy
parameters
Cosmological Red-shift of rotating galaxies
as the primary and direct result of Ritz effect
Space transformers of light frequency
Radio-wave sources:
X- and g-ray sources:
Radio galaxies, Quasars, Pulsars
X-ray pulsars, Black holes, Bursters
Typical spectrum of pulsar pulse is
similar to spectrum of blackbody
with temperature about T≈10-3 K.
Such spectrum can be a direct result
of transformation of star optical
radiation (f ≈1015 Hz) to radio-wave
radiation (f ’≈109 Hz) by means of
Ritz effect (if the acceleration a of star
produced f/f’=(1+La/c2)≈107).
According to Wien law T/fmax=const
and it will decrease calculated
temperature of star from T≈104 K
to T≈10-3 K (by a factor of 107).
Typical spectrum of burster burst is
similar to spectrum of blackbody
with temperature about T≈7·107 K.
Such spectrum can be a direct result
of transformation of star optical
radiation (f ≈1015 Hz) to X-ray
radiation (f ’≈1019 Hz) by means of
Ritz effect (if the acceleration a of star
produced f’/f=1/(1-La/c2)≈104).
According to Wien law T/fmax=const
and it will increase calculated
temperature of star from T≈104 K
to T≈108 K (by a factor of 104).
Ritz effect in a laboratory
Transformation of frequency measured by means of Mossbauer effect
Bömmel experiment:
transformation of g-rays
frequency emitted
by accelerating source
Red shift from the
source fixed on
the rotational disk
Pound and Rebka
experiment: red shift
in gravity field
Application of Ritz effect for smooth, effective
and all-wave frequency transformation
• Frequency transformation by means of Doppler effect λ'=λ(1+Vr/c)
will be effective, when the speed of source Vrc=3·108 m/s.
• Frequency transformation by means of Ritz effect λ'=λ(1+Lar/c2)
will be effective in laboratory (L~1 m), when the acceleration of
source ar=c2/L9·1016 m/s2.
• Such accelerations for electrons, ions and nanoparticles are easily
realizable without high-power accelerators: for electron in field E
we have ma=F=eE, therefore a=Ee/m, where e/m=1,76·1011 Q/kg.
Thus sufficient field is E~106 V/m, or for ions – E~109 V/m.
• Such fields are easily realizable, for example in fast current pulses,
or in beam from femtosecond LASERs.
• We also can accelerate electrons, atoms and nanoparticles without
special electric equipment, only by means of laser emission, which
not only transforms after reradiation from particles, but also gives
acceleration to these particles by means of light pressure.
Universal transformer of light frequency
• Ritz transformer of frequency will be useful for effective
transformation of laser light radiation (optical band) into direct
radiation of any other wave band (radio-, microwave, THz-, IR-, UV, X- or g-rays), with the possibility of smooth frequency variation,
according to free length L and intensity of electric field E.
References:
1. Крюков П.Г. Фемтосекундные импульсы. М.: Физматлит, 2008.
2. Ландсберг Г.С. Оптика. М.: Наука, 1976.
3. Bömmel H.E. Measurement of the frequency shift of gamma rays in accelerated systems
using the Mässbauer effect. “Mossbauer effect”, Ld. 1962, p. 229–232.
4. Семиков С. БТР и картина мироздания. Н.Новгород: ПРЕСС-КОНТУР, 2009.
5. Физика космоса: Маленькая энциклопедия. М.: Советская энциклопедия, 1986.
6. Справочник необходимых знаний. М.: РИПОЛ КЛАССИК, 2002.
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трудов конференции по радиофизке, ННГУ, 7 мая 2010 г.
8. Бонч-Бруевич А.М. Сергей Иванович Вавилов в моей жизни // УФН 171, 2001.
(English translation is available: El’yashevich M A, Kembrovskaya N G,
Tomil’chik L M "Walter Ritz as a theoretical physicist and his research on the theory
of atomic spectra" Phys. Usp. 38 435–455 (1995))
9. WEB site: www.ritz-btr.narod.ru (Ritz original articles in German is available).
10. WEB site: www.ebicom.net.
11. WEB site: www.ekkehard-friebe.de (site of Ekkehard Friebe, Munich).
12. WEB site: www.bourabai.kz/arp/index.html (articles of Halton Arp, Munich).
13. Ельяшевич М.А. и др. Вальтер Ритц как физик-теоретик и его исследования по
теории атомных спектров // УФН 165, 1995, №4. (English translation is available:
Bonch-Bruevich A M "Sergei Ivanovich Vavilov in my life" Phys. Usp. 44 1033–1036
(2001)).
14. Martínez Alberto A. Ritz, Einstein, and the Emission Hypothesis // Physics in
perspective. №6 (2004) 4–28.
15. M. La Rosa. Neur Beitrag zur ballistischen Theorie der "veräanderlichen sterne.",
Astronomische Nachrichten, 234, 235, (1929).
16. M. La Rosa. Addiert sich die Geschwindigkeit des Lichtes zu derjenigen der Lichtquelle?
Dafür sprechende Beweise aus den Phänomenen der "veränderlichen Sterne" , Physik.
Zeitschr., 21, 333, (1924).
Изменение длин волн света и искривление
световых лучей в поле тяготения Солнца
Простое объяснение релятивистских эффектов по эффекту Ритца