CROSSCUTTING RUNTIME
ADAPTATIONS OF LD EXECUTION
Telmo Zarraonandia, Juan Manuel Dodero, Camino Fernández
[email protected]
Universidad Carlos III de Madrid
Departamento de Informática
Escuela Politécnica Superior
Av. Universidad 30 Leganés, Madrid, España 28911
Telmo Zarraonandia
Laboratorio DEI. Dpto. de Informática
U. Carlos III de Madrid
Index
•
•
•
•
•
Objetives
Adaptive Method Proposed
Adaptive LD Player Structure
Application: Contextual Adaptations
Conclusions and Future Work
Telmo Zarraonandia
Laboratorio DEI. Dpto. de Informática
U. Carlos III de Madrid
Objetives
Define a mechanism for the introduction of
small variations on the normal execution of a
Learning Design
Increase flexibility
Increase reusability
Adaptation to Context
Telmo Zarraonandia
Laboratorio DEI. Dpto. de Informática
U. Carlos III de Madrid
IMS Learning Design Levels and Adaptation
Level C: notifications
Level B: properties and conditions
Level A: core of IMS Learning Design
It is not possible for the designers to know in
advance all the range of adaptations that may be
required to apply in the future:
The UoL will have to be redesigned
Telmo Zarraonandia
Laboratorio DEI. Dpto. de Informática
U. Carlos III de Madrid
Situations...
Reuse an existing UoL
In a different context
Using different resources
....
Requirement to modify the process “on the fly”
The learning process is not performing as we expected...
Introduce small variations in the UoL withouth having
to go through the redefinition process
Telmo Zarraonandia
Laboratorio DEI. Dpto. de Informática
U. Carlos III de Madrid
Index
•
•
•
•
•
Objetives
Adaptive Method Proposed
Adaptive LD Player Structure
Application: Contextual Adaptations
Conclusions and Future Work
Telmo Zarraonandia
Laboratorio DEI. Dpto. de Informática
U. Carlos III de Madrid
Adaptation: General Process
Telmo Zarraonandia
Laboratorio DEI. Dpto. de Informática
U. Carlos III de Madrid
Adaptation: Example
....
Roles:
Environments:
Learners: Student Role
Staff: Activities:
Environments: Learner Activities
Resource
Activities:
Learner Activities
Resource
Activity 1
<=
What_Is_Internet.pdf
Activity 1
<=
What_Is_Internet.pdf
Activity 2
<=
Web_Browsers
Activity
2
<=
Web_Browsers
Activity 3
<=
Search_Engines
Activity 4
<=
Test
Activity
3
<=
Search_Engines
Activity 5
<=
Mail_Programs
Activity 6
<=
Messenger_Programs
Activity 4
<=
Test
Support Activities
Activity Structure
Internet
Activity
Lessons (Structure
5
=<=
Sequence)Mail_Programs
1. Activity 1
2. Activity
Activity
6 2 <=
Messenger_Programs
3. Activity 3
4. Activity 4
5. Activity 5
Method
..............
Telmo Zarraonandia
Laboratorio DEI. Dpto. de Informática
U. Carlos III de Madrid
Adaptation: when?
Telmo Zarraonandia
Laboratorio DEI. Dpto. de Informática
U. Carlos III de Madrid
Index
•
•
•
•
•
Objetives
Adaptive Method Proposed
Adaptive LD Player Structure
Application: Contextual Adaptations
Conclusions and Future Work
Telmo Zarraonandia
Laboratorio DEI. Dpto. de Informática
U. Carlos III de Madrid
LD Player Implementation: How?
To perform a context adaptation operation on the
activities of a Learning Design
We don’t want to change the structures of the
elements each time a new adaptation is required
VISITOR PATTERN [Gamma et al.]: “To perform the
same operation on the elements of an object
structure and be able to define new operations
without changing the classes of the elements of the
structure”
Telmo Zarraonandia
Laboratorio DEI. Dpto. de Informática
U. Carlos III de Madrid
LD Player Implementation: Visitor Pattern
Telmo Zarraonandia
Laboratorio DEI. Dpto. de Informática
U. Carlos III de Madrid
LD Player Implementation:
Visitor Pattern + Aspects
We need an “accept” operation on the “Activity”
elements
Aspect Oriented Programming approach:
ASPECT : The Context Adaptation Operation
POINTCUT : Condition of aplication of the
operation
ASPECT and POINTCUTS defined separately
from the rest of the components
Telmo Zarraonandia
Laboratorio DEI. Dpto. de Informática
U. Carlos III de Madrid
Adaptations Description
Three type of files may be required:
Adaptation command file
Adaptation manifest
Resource files
Some commands:
Add / Remove an activity
Add / Remove an environment
Change the resource of an activity / environment
Set the complete-activity / on-completion definition
....
Telmo Zarraonandia
Laboratorio DEI. Dpto. de Informática
U. Carlos III de Madrid
Index
•
•
•
•
•
Objetives
Adaptive Method Proposed
Adaptive LD Player Structure
Application: Contextual Adaptations
Conclusions and Future Work
Telmo Zarraonandia
Laboratorio DEI. Dpto. de Informática
U. Carlos III de Madrid
Application: Contextual Adaptation
Telmo Zarraonandia
Laboratorio DEI. Dpto. de Informática
U. Carlos III de Madrid
Concept of “Context”
“Any information that can be used to characterize the situation of
entities that are considered relevant to the interaction between a
user and an application” [DEY]
Any relevant information that could influence the execution of a
Unit of Learning
Computational
Environment
Learner
Information
Physical
Environment
Preferences
Agenda
Age
Background
NOISE!!!
Telmo Zarraonandia
Laboratorio DEI. Dpto. de Informática
U. Carlos III de Madrid
Application: Process
1. Obtain information about the current context of
execution (Ambient Intelligence Engine)
2. Identify the context (Context Detector)
3. Introduce the appropiate variations on the normal
execution of the Learning Desing process (Learning
Design Player)
Telmo Zarraonandia
Laboratorio DEI. Dpto. de Informática
U. Carlos III de Madrid
LD Context
LD Context: combination of context elements that could
influence the learning process
Context Situation Definition Table
Noise
Level
Time
Constraint
Internet
Connection
Web
Camera
Context
Situation
Low
Yes
Yes
Yes
Classroom
Low
No
Yes
Yes
Home1
Low
No
Yes
No
Home2
Low
No
No
-
Home3
High
Yes
No
-
Transport
Telmo Zarraonandia
Laboratorio DEI. Dpto. de Informática
U. Carlos III de Madrid
Application : Example
....
Roles:
Environments:
Learners: Student Role
Staff: Activities:
Environments: Learner Activities
Resource
Activities:
Learner Activities
Resource
Internet_Basics.html
<=
Activity 1
<=
What_Is_Internet.pdf
Activity 1
<=
What_Is_Internet.pdf
Activity 2
<=
Web_Browsers
Activity
2
<=
Web_Browsers
Activity 3
<=
Search_Engines
Activity 4
<=
Mail_Programs
SearchEnginesTheory.pdf <=
Activity
3
<=
Search_Engines
Activity 5
<=
Messenger_Programs
Support Activities
Activity 4
<=
Mail_Programs <=
Mail_Programs_Theory.pdf
Activity Structure
Internet Lessons (Structure = Sequence)
<=
Activity
1. Activity
5 1 <=
Messenger_Programs
Home1
Transport
Transport
Company
2. Activity 2
3. Activity 3
4. Activity 4
Support
Activities
5. Activity
5
Method
..............
Telmo Zarraonandia
Laboratorio DEI. Dpto. de Informática
U. Carlos III de Madrid
Index
•
•
•
•
•
Objetives
Adaptive Method Proposed
Adaptive LD Player Structure
Application: Contextual Adaptations
Conclusions and Future Work
Telmo Zarraonandia
Laboratorio DEI. Dpto. de Informática
U. Carlos III de Madrid
Conclusions And Future Work
Finish the Adaptive Learning Player implementation as an
extension of the CopperCore engine
Final set of commands
Mechanism for conflicts prevention
Other operations :
Retrieve information about the process progress
Time spent to complete an activity
Resources visited
...
(Re)Construction of the Learning Design
Telmo Zarraonandia
Laboratorio DEI. Dpto. de Informática
U. Carlos III de Madrid
Thanks for you attention!!
Telmo Zarraonandia
Laboratorio DEI. Dpto. de Informática
U. Carlos III de Madrid
Telmo Zarraonandia
Laboratorio DEI. Dpto. de Informática
U. Carlos III de Madrid
Telmo Zarraonandia
Laboratorio DEI. Dpto. de Informática
U. Carlos III de Madrid
Notas:
Revisar apuntes IMS Content
Packaging
Nivel C
Revisar también las otras opciones
para conseguir la adaptación
Telmo Zarraonandia
Laboratorio DEI. Dpto. de Informática
U. Carlos III de Madrid