Reading aloud
Cultural information
Audiovisual supplement
Reading aloud
Read the following sentences aloud, paying special
attention to intonation. The symbol | indicates a
division of tone units, while ↗ and ↘ nuclear tones.
1. When we arrived at the ↗hospital, | my dad walked
around to her side of the ↗car, | gathered her into his
arms ↗and ↘held her.
2. At a ↗time in my ↗life | when the world was supposed
to be opening up to ↗me, | I ↗found myself re
↘treating.
Reading aloud
3.
4.
Cultural information
Audiovisual supplement
They regarded it as a ↘bad case | of the ↘Sunday
evening blues, | believing that if I ↗tried harder | and
↘stopped feeling sorry for my ↗self, | I would “get
↘better.”
And ↗slowly, | the desire to ↘live, | the ↘courage to
want to live, | began to re ↘turn.
Reading aloud
Cultural information
Audiovisual supplement
Cultural information
1. Quote
W. M. Thackeray: Dare and the world
always yields. If it beats you sometimes,
dare it again and again and it will succumb.
Reading aloud
Cultural information
Audiovisual supplement
2. Depression
Some people say that depression feels like a black
curtain of despair coming down over their lives. Many
people feel like they have no energy and can’t concentrate.
Others feel irritable all the time for no apparent reason.
Most people who have gone through one episode of
depression will, sooner or later, have another one. The
symptoms vary from person to person, but if you feel
“down” for more than two weeks, and these feelings are
interfering with your daily life, you may be clinically
depressed.
Reading aloud
Cultural information
Audiovisual supplement
The common symptoms including:
＊poor concentration and memory
＊withdrawal from social situations and activities
＊an inability to experience pleasure in activities
that were formerly enjoyed
＊preoccupied with thoughts and feelings of
worthlessness, helplessness, self-hatred, etc.
＊thoughts of death or suicide, etc.
Learning to recognize these early triggers or
symptoms and working with your doctor will help to keep
the depression from worsening. There are many forms of
Reading aloud
Cultural information
Audiovisual supplement
treatment that can help you cope with depression,
including medications, psychotherapy or counseling.
Reading aloud
Cultural information
Audiovisual supplement
Audiovisual supplement
Watch a video clip and answer the following question.
What impressed you in the video?
We can see that the father and son have to stay in the
toilet for the night, which means they were experiencing
a hard time in life. But at the beginning, they were
playing games on the subway platform. Actually, the
father in the video was facing the difficulties with a
positive attitude to life.
Reading aloud
Cultural information
Audiovisual supplement
Reading aloud
Cultural information
Chris:
Christopher:
Chris:
Christopher:
Chris:
Christopher:
Chris:
Audiovisual supplement
Look around! Look at all these dinosaurs!
Wow~!
Can you see them?
Yeah!
Wait! Come on! Come on! Wait! Watch out!
What is it?
Don’t step in the fire! We’re cavemen. We
need this fire, because there’s no
electricity and it’s cold out here, Ok?
Christopher: Watch out! Watch out!
Reading aloud
Chris:
Cultural information
Audiovisual supplement
Whoa! Oh, my goodness … A.T. rex! Get
your stuff! Get your stuff! Get it! We gotta
find someplace safe.
Christopher: Like what?
Chris:
Em … We need a cave.
Christopher: A cave?
Chris:
We gotta find a cave. Come on.
Christopher: Ok.
Reading aloud
Chris:
Cultural information
Audiovisual supplement
Come on. Come on. Watch your back! Look
out! Here it is! Here’s a cave. Come on!
Right here! Right here! Go, go, go! Go
ahead. Get in! Hurry, hurry, hurry!
Christopher: Are we safe?
Chris:
Yeah, I think so.
Main idea
Structural analysis
Main idea
What is the story narrated in the text about?
This narrative essay narrates and describes an
unusual and unforgettable phase of the writer’s life,
during which she experienced __________________
deep depression ,
voluntarily received ____________________
clinical treatment , ____________
conquered
the illness in the end, and _________________________
benefited a great deal
from the experiences associated with her suffering.
Main idea
Structural analysis
Structural analysis
1. How are the events of the essay arranged?
The narration mostly follows a chronological order,
but a few flashbacks are inserted in Paragraph 3 and
6.
Main idea
Structural analysis
2. Work out the structure of the text by completing the table.
Paragraph(s)
1-3
4-10
Main idea
It provides the background of the story,
telling us about the writer and her family
and her problem.
The writer related her experiences with
deep depression, including her attitude
and reactions to it, focusing on her
positive attitude and how she got better
and finally recovered.
Main idea
Structural analysis
Paragraph(s)
11
Main idea
It describes the writer’s mood and feeling
on a moon-lit, starry night, and stresses
that her deep depression had been worth
it, for suffering had painted color into her
life, and that she was thankful.
Detailed reading
The Light of Depression
Alice Johnson
Twice, I have seen my father cry. The first time, I
1
was 12, and my sister, Jenny, was 14. She was diagnosed
with juvenile diabetes and needed further testing. When
we arrived at the hospital, my dad walked around to her
side of the car, gathered her into his arms and held her.
None of us understood what was happening to my sister’s
body, but when I heard my strong dad’s voice break with
tears,
I knew we were on a new and unexpected path.
Detailed reading
Almost 10 years later, in the fall following my
2
college graduation, I was the one my father gathered
into his arms. At 22, I was diagnosed with clinical
depression and voluntarily admitted to a psychiatric
hospital. At a time in my life when the world was
supposed to be opening up to me, I found myself
retreating. Apathetic, uncaring, tired, and with no
particular vision for any future, I drifted into a world
without hope. My family and I knew I needed help.
Detailed reading
3 As a child, I had great passion for life. The simplest
of pleasures brought unexplainable joy. I seldom
demonstrated a melancholic personality. In fact, my
parents learned that birthdays, Christmas and any
reason for celebration would find me in excitement. I
loved life, and I loved being alive. When depression
struck,
I was dropped into a world where wearing my
own skin was foreign and ill-fitting.
Detailed reading
My mom says that one of the hardest days of her life
4
was the day I checked into the hospital. My personal
belongings were rummaged through, and I headed down
the long hallway to doctors and a treatment team that
became my “family” for the next month. Her drive home,
leaving me behind, was heartbreaking. She was left to
wonder and guess at why her daughter was in so much
pain and why she couldn’t fix it this time.
Detailed reading
I was numb, trying to see through a haze that had
5
settled upon what once was vivid and bright. All color had
seeped from a life that used to hold such joy. Some
people didn’t understand my depression. They regarded it
as a bad case of the Sunday evening blues believing that
if I tried harder and stopped feeling sorry for myself, I
would “get better.”
But I wasn’t just dealing with
apathy toward routine. I couldn’t remedy being sick with
a strenuous run, a good movie, or simply the passing of
time. Depression transcended my circumstances and
invaded my soul. It was more like a day terror — like
waking up to a nightmare.
Clinical depression painted
my world black while screaming quietly that I was
worthless.
Detailed reading
I remember driving home from work the week
6
before I checked into the hospital. My co-workers
hadn’t noticed any difference in my performance or
behavior. I was great at keeping up appearances. I was
good at performing. But that evening, I recall wishing I
weren’t alive, wishing my car would turn down an
empty road and I could disappear. Upon arriving home,
I headed straight for my room and slipped under my
covers, hoping to sleep.
I wanted to escape life
because it hurt to breathe.
Detailed reading
By the end of my first week at the hospital, I had
7
made up my mind to leave. It wasn’t working. I packed
my bags, headed to the front desk, and announced that
I was calling my parents to come and pick me up. But
my treatment team told me I needed to stay. Defeated
and scared, I returned to my room, unpacked my bags
and cried myself to sleep. It was time to get honest
with myself.
Detailed reading
I was angry. Me, happy Alice, with so much going
8
for her.
Stripped of the world’s accolades, it didn’t
matter what school I had attended, where I had
vacationed, what awards I had won. It didn’t matter
who I knew, didn’t know, or thought I knew. What
mattered to those surrounding me was that I was
honest about my feelings. They didn’t have to be pretty.
I didn’t have to look good. I could just be — and that
was enough.
Detailed reading
It was the kindness, sympathy, love and truth
9
demonstrated in the hospital that began unlocking my
wounds, hurts and distorted thinking. I was learning from
the worn lives around me. Lives I would have once felt
pity for or wanted to distance myself from. They were
the ones who possessed strength and courage. They had
suffered abuse, neglect, addiction and illnesses. They
felt misplaced and forgotten; they were told they didn’t
matter. I came from a family filled with love, but as I and
others in my hospital “family” shared our suffering, I
found I needed their love.
Detailed reading
10 Getting help and getting rid of the junk cluttering my
mind were part of getting better. Hope came gradually,
and with small steps slowly returned feeling and clarity. I
was changing. My thinking was being altered. I was given
a truer sense of who I was: a young woman who needed to
be loved for herself, not for what she could offer — not
for how she could make you feel. Being honest in the
hidden places of my heart. Taking personal responsibility.
And slowly, the desire to live, the courage to want to live,
began to return.
Once truth reveals deception, the lie
can no longer deceive unless we choose to let it.
Detailed reading
11 A year and a half after my release from the hospital,
I drove along a country road. The moon was bright. The
stars brighter. Snow gave a fresh milky coat to the trees,
and the night air was full and dark. I felt so alive. I
hadn’t believed there would ever be something good
enough or rich enough to make up for the pain and
darkness I had known. My pain had been deep. But on
this quiet stretch of road, I knew it had all been worth it.
I knew that life was different because of my experience.
Suffering had painted color into my life, and I could
be thankful.
Detailed reading
Paragraph 2
Question
The writer stresses at the very beginning that when her
sister was suffering from juvenile diabetes, her father
cried bitterly for the first time. When do you think her
father cried for the second time?
It is not difficult to infer that the writer’s father cried
for the second time when the writer was diagnosed
with clinical depression.
Detailed reading
Paragraph 3
Question
Would you describe the writer’s personality as a child
before she was seized with depression?
As a child, the writer had a great passion for life and
enjoyed being alive. The simplest of pleasures brought
her great joy. She seldom demonstrated a melancholic
personality. Any reason for celebration would find her
in great excitement.
Detailed reading
Paragraph 4
Question
Why was the day the writer checked into the hospital
considered to be one of the hardest days of her mother’s
life?
Leaving her daughter behind at the hospital, the
author’s mother was seized with extreme sadness,
feeling heart-broken. She wondered why her daughter
was experiencing so much pain and couldn’t get over it
this time.
Detailed reading
Paragraph 6
Question
What is the main idea of Paragraph 6? Illustrate or
exemplify it.
Paragraph 6 proves how deep the writer’s depression
had been before she was admitted into the hospital.
While driving home from work before she was ill, she
wished that she weren’t alive. When she arrived home,
she had hoped to sleep and escape life because it hurt
to breathe.
Detailed reading
Paragraph 9
Question
Which part in Paragraph 9 is a sentence fragment? Why is it
separated from the previous sentence?
“Lives I would have once felt pity for or wanted to
distance myself from” is a sentence fragment. It is
separated from the foregoing sentence for emphasis.
Detailed reading
Paragraph 10
Question
What do you know about other patients from whose worn
lives the writer was learning?
They were the ones who possessed strength and
courage and had suffered abuse, neglect, addiction
and illnesses. They felt misplaced and forgotten.
They shared their suffering with the writer. Also, they
helped the writer get a truer sense of who she was,
see through deception and realize and grasp the truth.
Detailed reading
Paragraph 11
Questions
1) What symbolic meaning is conveyed by the bright night
described at the end of the text?
The exceptionally bright night with the bright moon
and brighter stars symbolizes a cheerful life the writer
is enjoying and a very bright future that she could look
forward to.
Detailed reading
Paragraph 11
Questions
2) Why does the writer say that she could be thankful?
Because her deep depression had been worth it and she
benefited a lot from it. The writer had gained a wealth
of experience and had been able to look at life in a
new light. Suffering had painted color into her life, and
rendered her life entirely different.
Detailed reading
diagnose: v.
1) find out the nature of an illness by observing its
symptoms
e.g. The illness was diagnosed as measles.
2) find out what the cause of a fault is, after doing tests,
examinations, etc.
e.g. The book diagnoses our present economic ills,
explaining what is wrong with the economy.
Derivation:
diagnosis: n.
Detailed reading
Collocations:
diagnose sb. as (having) sth.
e.g. Joe struggled in school before he was diagnosed as
dyslexic.
diagnose sth. as sth.
e.g. The illness was diagnosed as mumps.
diagnose sb.with sth.
e.g. She was diagnosed with breast cancer.
Detailed reading
Translation:
The doctor has diagnosed the illness as heart
disease.
医生把此病诊断为心脏病。
We should diagnose key technical challenge and
problem in the project.
我们应解决项目中的关键问题和技术难题。
Detailed reading
find oneself doing sth.:
do a particular thing, or realize that this is happening,
esp. when one did not expect or intend it; do sth.
without intending to do so
e.g. After wandering around, we found ourselves coming
back to the hotel.
When he left, Karen found herself heaving a huge
sigh of relief.
Translation:
我醒来却发现自己躺在地板上。
When I woke up, I found myself lying on the floor.
我发现自己竟然身不由己地又参与了一次无聊的争论。
I found myself being drawn into another boring
argument.
Detailed reading
drift: v.
1) move slowly on water or in the air
e.g. The rubber raft drifted out to sea.
2) move, change, or do sth. without any plan or purpose
e.g. Jenny spent the year drifting around Europe.
3) gradually change from being in one condition,
situation, etc., into another without realizing it
e.g. She was just drifting into sleep when the alarm
went off.
Detailed reading
Collocations: drift out/towards
drift around/along
drift into
drift away
Derivation: drift: n.
Translation:
成千上万只灯笼慢慢漂向大海。
Thousands of lanterns slowly drift out to sea.
让过去随着河水流逝吧。
Let the past drift away with the water.
Detailed reading
demonstrate: v.
1) show sth. clearly by giving proof or evidence
e.g. The study demonstrates the link between poverty
and malnutrition.
2) show or be an example of sth.
e.g. They’ll be demonstrating how to handle modern,
high performance cars.
Derivations:
demonstration: n.
demonstrative: adj.
Detailed reading
melancholic: adj.
characterized by or causing or expressing sadness
e.g. With a melancholic nature, she often suffers from
depression.
That doctoral candidate possessed a melancholic
personality, which is perhaps why he failed to
finish.
Derivation:
melancholy: n.
Detailed reading
… I knew we were on a new and unexpected path.
Paraphrase:
... I realized that her illness was going to change her
life and ours in a direction we had not expected.
Translation:
……我知道我们踏上了一条新的无法预知的路。
Detailed reading
At a time in my life when the world was supposed to
be opening up to me, I found myself retreating.
Apathetic, uncaring, tired, and with no particular
vision for any future, I drifted into a world without
hope.
Paraphrase:
At an age when I expected the world should be
opening its arms to welcome me, I found myself
drifting away. Uninterested in anything, tired of life
and having lost any purpose in life, I was
unconsciously developing a mental illness in which I
experienced deep hopelessness and worthlessness.
Detailed reading
Translation:
在我生命中的这个时候，世界本应向我敞开怀抱，可
我却退缩了。冷漠、麻木、疲惫，看不见未来，我漂
浮在一个没有希望的世界。
Detailed reading
..., I was dropped into a world where wearing my own
skin was foreign and ill-fitting.
Paraphrase:
..., I suffered from a terrible illness in which I was
even suspicious of my own identity.
Translation:
……，我落到了一个世界，在这里坚持自我却显得与
周围格格不入。
Detailed reading
rummage: vt.
turn things over or disarrange them while searching for
sth. else
e.g. When I entered her house, she was rummaging
through the contents of a drawer for something.
Mother was rummaging around in the attic for an
old family album.
Collocations:
rummage in/through
Derivation:
rummage: n.
Detailed reading
numb: adj.
without the power to feel or move; (fig) emotionally
incapable of thinking
e.g. My fingers were so numb that I could hardly write.
She was completely numb with terror.
Derivation:
numb: v.
Translation:
His mind has been numbed.
他已麻木不仁。
I don’t feel so cold now; but heavy and numb.
我现在感到不那么冷了，只是觉得困乏，浑身僵硬。
Detailed reading
haze: n.
thin mist; (fig) mental confusion or uncertainty
e.g. Things were covered with a haze on that early
spring morning.
She did not speak clearly about it, because her
mind was in a complete haze.
Collocations:
a haze of
in a haze
Derivation:
haze: vt.
Detailed reading
settle (up) on/over sth.:
come to rest on sth.; stay on sth. for some time
e.g. The bird settled on a branch.
Clouds have settled over the mountaintops.
A tense silence has settled over the waiting crowd.
Detailed reading
apathy: n.
the feeling of not being interested in sth., and not
willing to make any effort to change or improve things;
lack of interest, enthusiasm or concern
e.g. The campaign failed because of public apathy.
She heard the story with apathy.
她无动于衷地听了这个故事。
Derivation:
apathetic: adj.
Antonym:
sympathy
Detailed reading
routine: n.
a fixed and regular way of doing things; the usual order
in which you do things
e.g. She found it difficult to establish a new routine
after retirement.
John’s departure had upset their daily routine.
Collocation:
get into a routine:
develop a fixed order of doing things
Derivation:
routine: adj.
Detailed reading
remedy: vt.
put right; deal with a problem or improve a bad
situation; provide a remedy for sth. undesirable;
rectify
e.g. To remedy the environment, the water must be
chemically treated.
We must remedy injustices.
If I made a mistake, I will try to remedy it.
Derivation:
remedy: n.
e.g. The mistake is beyond/past remedy. (The mistake
cannot be put right.)
Synonym: put right
Detailed reading
transcend: vt.
(fml) go beyond the usual limits of sth.; go beyond the
range (of human experience, belief, powers of
description, etc.); be much better or greater than
sb./sth.
e.g. One never can see the thing in itself, because the
mind does not transcend phenomena.
一个人永远不可能认识事物自身的本质，因为思想无
法超越现象。
Such matters transcend man’s knowledge.
She far transcends the others in beauty and
intelligence.
Synonym: surpass
Detailed reading
invade: vt.
1) enter a country or territory with armed forces in order to
attack, damage, or occupy it
e.g. The Romans invaded Britain 2000 years ago.
2) (fig) enter sth. in large numbers, esp. to cause damage
e.g. Every summer the town is invaded by tourists.
3) get involved in something in an unwanted and annoying
way
e.g. What right does he have to invade my privacy?
Synonyms: crowd into
intrude on
Derivations: invasion: n.
invader: n.
Detailed reading
strip sb. of sth.:
take away (honor, property, etc.) from sb.
e.g. The general was stripped of his rank and title.
Synonym:
deprive sb. of sth.
Detailed reading
distort: vt.
1) change sth. so that it is strange or unclear
e.g. Tall buildings can distort radio signals.
2) report sth. in a way that is not completely true or
correct
e.g. His account was badly distorted by the press.
3) change a situation from the way it would naturally be
e.g. an expensive subsidy which distorts the market
Derivations: distorted: adj.
distortion: n.
Detailed reading
distance oneself from sb./sth.:
not approve of sb./sth.; not become involved with
sb./sth.; stay away far enough from sb./sth. to be safe
e.g. She needs to distance herself from some of her
more extreme supporters.
You need to distance yourself from the situation
for a little while first
Derivation:
distance: n.
Detailed reading
abuse: n.
wrong or bad use or treatment of sb./sth.; unjust or
corrupt practice
e.g. Drug abuse and child abuse, as well as abuse of
privilege and authority, are common problems in
modern society.
Many children suffer racial abuse at school.
Derivation:
abuse: vt.
Detailed reading
Exercise: Choose the best answer to complete the
following sentence.
It has been revealed that some government leaders
their authority and position to get illegal profits for
themselves.
A. employ
B. take
C. abuse
D. overlook
______
C
Detailed reading
addiction: n.
condition of drinking alcohol, smoking, taking drugs, etc.
habitually, and being unable to stop doing so without
suffering
e.g. Another cause of hopelessness is addiction to
drugs.
Collocation:
addiction to
Derivations:
addict: vi.
addict: n. someone who is very interested in
something and spends a lot of time doing it
addictive: adj.
addicted: adj.
Detailed reading
alter: vt.
change or make sb./sth. change; become different;
change in character, position, size, shape, etc.
e.g. Her face had not altered much over the years.
The city centre has altered beyond recognition.
Detailed reading
I was numb, trying to see through a haze that had
settled upon what once was vivid and bright. All color
had seeped from a life that used to hold such joy.
Paraphrase:
I was unable to feel anything, trying to understand
what had changed my promising life completely. I
had gradually lost interest in a life that used to bring
such happiness and pleasure.
Translation:
我已经麻木，试图去看透笼罩在那些曾经生动、明快
事物上的阴霾。所有的色彩已经从那曾经充满快乐的
生命中渗尽了。
Detailed reading
But I wasn’t just dealing with apathy toward routine. I
couldn’t remedy being sick with a strenuous run, a
good movie, or simply the passing of time. Depression
transcended my circumstances and invaded my soul.
Paraphrase:
Yet I wasn’t just coping with my lack of interest in
daily activities. I couldn’t hope to recover from my
mental illness by taking vigorous exercise, watching
a good movie, or simply doing something to pass the
time. Depression caused not only physical weakness
but it went deep into my mind, affecting the way I
felt and thought.
Detailed reading
Clinical depression painted my world black while
screaming quietly that I was worthless.
Paraphrase:
Clinical depression deprived me of any hope and
made me feel that I was a totally useless person.
Translation:
临床忧郁症将我的世界涂得漆黑一片，它无声地呐喊
着我的卑微。
Detailed reading
I wanted to escape life because it hurt to breathe.
Paraphrase:
I wanted to stay away from other people, and even
to commit suicide, because even just existing
seemed too painful to bear.
Translation:
我想逃离生命,因为呼吸就是痛苦。
Detailed reading
Stripped of the world’s accolades, it didn’t matter
what school I had attended, …
Paraphrase:
Deprived of what a normal life could offer in terms
of praise and recognition, it was no longer of any
importance what school I had attended, …
Detailed reading
It was the kindness, sympathy, love and truth
demonstrated in the hospital that began unlocking my
wounds, hurts and distorted thinking. I was learning
from the worn lives around me.
Paraphrase:
In the hospital I experienced kindness, compassion,
love and knowledge about the illness. All this enabled
me to begin to discover the causes of my illness, my
emotional pain and irrational thinking. I was learning
from other patients around me to find ways to deal
with my own problem.
Translation:
在医院里，那些友善、同情、爱和真诚开始解释我的
伤痛和扭曲的思想。我开始从身边那些病友身上学习。
Detailed reading
Getting help and getting rid of the junk cluttering my
mind were part of getting better.
Paraphrase:
Enjoying help and doing away with the symptoms of
a nervous breakdown were part of my recovery.
Translation:
寻求帮助和除去那些堵塞我思想的垃圾成为恢复的一
部分。
Detailed reading
Once truth reveals deception, the lie can no longer
deceive unless we choose to let it.
Paraphrase:
As soon as truth unveils something deceptive, the
falsehood will produce no more effect unless we still
allow it.
Translation:
一旦事实拆穿假象，谎言将无法蒙蔽，除非我们选择
如此。
Detailed reading
release: n. setting free
e.g. Lincoln proclaimed the release of the slaves.
After the examination I had a feeling of release.
Simon has obtained early release from prison.
Collocation:
release from
Derivation:
release: vt.
Detailed reading
make up for sth.:
compensate for sth.; make a bad situation better, or
replace sth. that has been lost; have so much of one
quality that it is not important that you do not have
much of another one
e.g. I don’t eat breakfast, but I make up for it at lunch.
What Jay lacked in experience, he made up for in
enthusiasm.
Nothing can make up for what they have suffered.
什么都不能补偿他们所受的痛苦。
Detailed reading
Exercise: Choose the best answer to complete the
following sentence.
Hard work can often
A. make up for
B. make up
C. make out
D. make into
A a
______
lack of intelligence.
Detailed reading
Suffering had painted color into my life, …
Paraphrase:
Suffering from the illness made my life more
meaningful and more rewarding, …
Translation:
苦难使我的生活更多姿多彩，……
Detailed reading
Activity: Story Relay
Direction: Students are divided into four groups. One
group makes a sentence as the beginning of a story and
the second group makes another sentence to continue
the story, and so do the third and fourth group. Once
the group uses the word which has been used before,
the group will lose the game.
Rules:
1) Each sentence should include at least one word or phrase
provided below.
2) The story as a whole should be logically organized.
3) The content of the story should be related to depression.
Detailed reading
Words and phrases for reference:
diagnose, find oneself doing sth, drift, demonstrate,
melancholic, numb, in a haze, apathy, routine, remedy,
transcend, invade, strip sb. of sth., distance oneself
from sb./sth., abuse, addiction, alter, release, make up
for sth.
Vocabulary
Grammar
Translation
Integrated skills
Oral activities
Writing
Phrase practice
Word / Phrase comparison
Synonym / Antonym
Sentence rephrasing
Listening
Vocabulary
Grammar
Translation
Integrated skills
Oral activities
Writing
Listening
apathy toward = indifference towards 对……很冷漠,
对……不感兴趣
e.g. The child’s apathy toward mathematics worries his
parents.
孩子对数学不感兴趣，这让他父母很担心。
Media is apathy toward women’s sports.
媒体对女性运动不感兴趣。
Vocabulary
Grammar
Translation
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Writing
Listening
keep up appearances = pretend to be oneself when in
difficulties 保持体面
e.g. I am old enough by now not to care what others
think, but keeping up appearances is somehow
ingrained.
我现在很老了，已不在乎别人想什么了，但还是改不
了喜欢装门面的习惯。
We should get down to doing other things than
keeping up appearances.
比起装门面，我们应该做点别的事情。
Vocabulary
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Translation
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Listening
distance oneself from = stay away from 远离
e.g. Should adult authors distance themselves from
children’s books?
成年作家不应该写孩子的书吗？
They tried to get rid of this foolish custom.
他们努力的要除去这种愚蠢的习俗。
Vocabulary
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Listening
Group 1
addiction: an addiction to sth. is a very strong desire or
need for it
e.g. He needed money to fed his addiction to gambling.
addict: a person who can’t stop doing or using sth.,
especially sth. harmful
e.g. I am a shopping addict.
addictive: if a substance, especially a drug, is addictive,
your body need it regularly and you are
unable to stop taking it
e.g. Tobacco is highly addictive.
Vocabulary
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Group 2
apathy: you can use “apathy” to talk about someone’s
state of mind if you are criticizing them because
they do not seem to be interested in or
enthusiastic about anything
e.g. After a short burst of enthusiasm, she relapsed
into her usual apathy.
antipathy: (an example of) strong dislike, opposition or
anger
e.g. Despite the deep antipathies between them, the
two sides have managed to negotiate an
agreement.
Vocabulary
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Group 2
sympathy: the feeling of being sorry for someone who is
in a bad situation
e.g. I have a lot of sympathy for her; she had to bring
up the children on her own.
empathy: the ability to share another person’s feelings
and emotions as if they were your own
e.g. Having begun my life in a children’s home, I have
great empathy with the little ones.
Vocabulary
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Group 3
depression: a mental state in which you are sad and feel
that you can’t enjoy anything, because your
situation is so difficult and unpleasant
e.g. Her feeling of depression was transient.
impression: the opinion or feeling you have about
someone because of the way they seem
e.g. Arriving late won’t create a very favorable
impression.
Vocabulary
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Group 3
suppression: prevention
e.g. They fought back heroically against its bloody
suppression.
compression: the process or result of becoming
smaller or pressed together
e.g. The compression of the wood is easily achieved.
Vocabulary
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Group 4
invade: to enter an area of activity in a forceful and
noticeable way
e.g. Maria looks set to invade the music scene with
her style and image.
reinforce: to give support to an opinion, idea or feeling
and make it stronger
e.g. The film reinforces the idea that women should be
pretty and dumb.
Vocabulary
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Listening
Group 4
enter: when you enter a place such as a room or building,
you go into it or come into it
e.g. As soon as I entered, they stopped and turned my
way.
await: to wait for or be waiting for something
e.g. He’s anxiously awaiting his test result.
Vocabulary
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Group 5
neglect: when you do not give enough care or attention
or the state of not receiving enough care or
attention
e.g.
Over the years the church has fallen into a state
of neglect.
care: the process of looking after someone, especially
because they are ill, old or very young
e.g.
Both the young parents share the care of the
children.
Vocabulary
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Group 5
concern: the worry about a situation
e.g.
The political leaders all express concern about
reports of political violence in this region.
worry: a problem that makes you feel unhappy and afraid
e.g.
Keeping warm in the winter is a major worry for
many old people.
Vocabulary
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Group 6
recall: to remember a particular fact, event, or situation
from the past
e.g. Alice seem to recall she’s met that handsome boy
before somewhere.
remind: if someone reminds you of a fact or event that
you already know about, they say something
which makes you think about it
e.g. I had to remind myself that being confident is not
the same as being perfect.
Vocabulary
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Group 6
recollection: a memory of something
e.g. I have many pleasant recollections of the time we
spent together.
repeat: to say or write something again
e.g. Nick patiently repeated that he had to work
that day.
Vocabulary
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Group 7
voluntarily: do sth. willingly, without anyone telling you
to do it
e.g. I would only leave here voluntarily if there was a
big chance to work abroad.
voluntary: actions or activities are done because someone
choose to do them and not because they have
been forced to do them
e.g. The scheme, do to begin next month, will be
voluntary.
Vocabulary
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Group 7
involuntary: not done by choice; done unwillingly, or
without the decision or intention of the
person involved
e.g. He gave us an involuntary smile.
involuntarily: adv. do sth. unwillingly, with someone
telling you to do it
e.g. Arthur shivered involuntarily as he came out of the
building.
Vocabulary
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Group 8
worthless: of no real value or use
e.g. Training is worthless unless there is proof that it
works.
valueless: not worth any money
e.g. That chair turned out to be a valueless replica
rather than an antique we thought.
priceless: extremely valuable
e.g. Museums have despoiled India of many priceless
treasures.
Vocabulary
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Translation
Integrated skills
Oral activities
Writing
Listening
Give synonyms or antonyms of the word underlined in
each sentence in the sense it is used.
1. She was diagnosed with juvenile diabetes and needed
further testing.
Synonyms: young, youthful
2. At 22, I was diagnosed with clinical depression and
voluntarily admitted to a psychiatric hospital.
Antonyms: involuntarily, unwillingly, reluctantly
Vocabulary
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3. I was numb, trying to see through a haze that settled
upon what once was vivid and bright.
Synonyms: dull, insensitive, unfeeling
4. Her drive home, leaving me behind, was heartbreaking.
Antonym: cheering
5. It didn’t matter what school I had attended, where I
had vacationed, what awards I had won
Synonyms: prize, honour, accolade
Vocabulary
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Listening
6. I seldom demonstrated a melancholic personality.
Antonyms: cheerful, merry, joyful, jubilant
7. Clinical depression painted my world black while
screaming quietly that I was worthless.
Synonyms: valueless, useless, futile
8. I recall wishing I weren’t alive, wishing my car would
turn down an empty road and I could disappear.
Antonyms: appear, emerge
Vocabulary
Grammar
Translation
Integrated skills
Oral activities
Writing
Listening
Rephrase each of the following sentences with the
word given in brackets.
1. Various organizations came without request to help
raise money for the new operating theatre in that
hospital. (voluntarily)
Various
organizations voluntarily helped raise
______________________________________________________
money for the new operating theatre in that
______________________________________________________
______________________________________________________
hospital.
2. Football arouses a good deal of powerful feeling among
its supporters. (passion)
Football arouses a good deal of passion among its
______________________________________________________
______________________________________________________
supporters.
Vocabulary
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Translation
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Writing
Listening
Rephrase each of the following sentences with the
word given in brackets.
3. Lots of hard work was done throughout the war to
disguise the scale of civilian casualties. (strenuous)
Strenuous
efforts were made throughout the war
______________________________________________________
______________________________________________________
to
disguise the scale of civilian casualties.
4. All in-patients must fill in this form and sign it when
they leave the hospital upon recovery. (check)
______________________________________________________
All
in-patients must fill this form and sign it
______________________________________________________
when they check out.
Vocabulary
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Translation
Integrated skills
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Writing
Listening
Rephrase each of the following sentences with the
word given in brackets.
5. WHO tries to analyze the existing conditions of work in
each participating country in order to draft a plan of
action. (diagnose)
WHO
tries to diagnose the existing conditions of
______________________________________________________
work in each participating country in order to
______________________________________________________
draft a plan of action.
______________________________________________________
6. He quickly put on his pajamas and immediately fell into
a deep sleep. (slip)
He
slipped into his pajamas and immediately fell
______________________________________________________
______________________________________________________
into
a deep sleep.
Vocabulary
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Translation
Integrated skills
Oral activities
Writing
Listening
Rephrase each of the following sentences with the
word given in brackets.
7. After the band stopped playing, people walked away
slowly in twos and threes. (drift)
______________________________________________________
After the band stopped playing, people drifted
______________________________________________________
away in twos and threes.
8. This mistake must be corrected immediately to prevent
any further problems. (remedy)
This
mistake must be remedied immediately to
______________________________________________________
______________________________________________________
prevent any further problem.
Vocabulary
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Translation
Integrated skills
Oral activities
Writing
Listening
1. voluntarily adv. out of will 自愿的
e.g. In the end, he made the promise voluntarily.
Vocabulary
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Translation
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Writing
2. passion n. strong emotion 激情
e.g. He has a strong passion toward soccer.
Listening
Vocabulary
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Listening
3. strenuous adj. doing sth. with energy 奋发的，狂热的
e.g. You should avoid strenuous activity 24 hours after
the operation.
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Listening
4. check v. exam 检查
e.g. You need to check your new car before the first
drive.
check out: pay the bill and leave 退（房）结账
e.g. It won’t take you long to check out.
Vocabulary
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5. diagnose v. determine the cause 判断（问题的原因）
e.g. The book diagnoses our economic crises.
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6. slip v. move stealthily 溜走，滑走
e.g. The fish slipped out of my finger.
slip into: put on 穿上
e.g. The boy slipped into his jacket and ran away.
Vocabulary
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Listening
7. drift v. float 漂流
e.g. A boat drifted along the river slowly.
drift away: leave, lose 失去，离开
e.g. The audience drifted away from the concert.
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Listening
8. remedy v. correction, cure 治疗，补救
e.g. Your mistake would have been remedied if it had
been recovered earlier.
Vocabulary
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Translation
Integrated skills
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Writing
Listening
The infinitive and the –ing
participle as object
The non-finite forms as adverbial
and noun phrase modifier
Vocabulary
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Translation
Integrated skills
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Writing
Listening
1. The infinitive and the -ing participle as object
There are verbs that can be followed either by an
-ing form or by an infinitive. With some of these verbs,
the choice between the two makes no difference in
meaning; with others, however, different choices
result in different interpretations. Here, the infinitive
and the -ing participle are used as object. Verbs that
are followed by -ing participle include: admit, fancy,
delay, miss, involve, postpone, finish, imagine, avoid,
deny, risk, practise, consider, enjoy, etc. Verbs that
are followed by the infinitive include: decide, hope,
pretend, deserve, promise, attempt, offer, agree,
plan, aim, afford, manage, threaten, refuse, learn,
fail, etc.
Vocabulary
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Listening
1) Either infinitive or -ing participle without change of
meaning
Verbs that can take either an infinitive or an -ing
participle as object include attempt, begin, can’t
bear, continue, deserve, dread, hate, intend, like,
loathe, love, need, neglect, omit, plan, prefer,
require, start, etc. Following these words, an
infinitive or an -ing participle can alternate without
change in basic meaning. There are cases, however,
where the transforms are not in free variation.
Vocabulary
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Translation
Integrated skills
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Writing
Listening
a) After process verbs such as begin, cease, continue,
start and emotive verbs such as can’t bear, deserve,
dread, hate, intend, like, loathe, love, need,
neglect, omit, plan, prefer, require, the infinitive
is commonly used to refer to a specific act while
the -ing participle is used to refer to a general act.
e.g. I can’t bear living alone.
I can’t bear to see the child so badly treated.
Phil prefers doing it that way.
He prefers to go by train this evening.
Vocabulary
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Listening
b) After need, want, require, deserve, an active -ing
participle can be used to denote a passive meaning
which can also be expressed by a passive infinitive.
e.g. This letter needs signing by the manager.
= This letter needs to be signed by the manager.
The house wants rewiring.
= The house wants to be rewired.
Vocabulary
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Listening
c) After begin and start, either infinitive or -ing form is
possible, but when the infinitive is a stative verb, or
when begin/start is in the progressive, we use the
infinitive form.
e.g. We began to see what he meant.
It’s beginning to rain.
Vocabulary
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Translation
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Listening
2) Either infinitive or -ing participle with different
meanings
The verbs such as forget, go on, leave off, mean,
regret, remember, stop, etc. that can take an
infinitive or an -ing participle with different meanings
fall into five sub-classes:
a) After remember, forget and regret, the infinitive
refers to the next action that follows the first, and
the -ing participle to a previous event.
e.g. Can’t you remember telling me the story last night?
= You told me the story last night. Can’t you
remember it?
You must remember to tell him all that.
= You must tell him all that. Don’t forget it.
Vocabulary
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b) After stop, leave off, go on, the -ing participle
functions as object, while the infinitive as adverbial
of purpose.
e.g. They stopped watching TV at 9:30.
= At 9:30 they did not watch TV any more.
He left off writing the book.
= He stopped writing the book.
He left off to write the book.
He left some place in order to write the book.
Vocabulary
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Listening
c) After try, mean, can’t help, the choice between an
infinitive and an -ing participle depends on the
meaning of the preceding verb itself.
e.g. Your plan would mean spending hours.
I didn’t mean to make you angry.
d) After agree, decide, there is a choice between the
infinitive and “preposition + -ing”.
e.g. They agreed to share the remuneration.
They agreed on sharing the remuneration.
Vocabulary
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Listening
e) After encourage, permit, allow, recommend, advise,
authorise, either the -ing participle or the infinitive
with an expressed logical subject can be used.
e.g. She doesn’t allow smoking here.
She doesn’t allow us to smoke here.
Vocabulary
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Translation
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Writing
Listening
Practice
Put the verbs in brackets into the -ing participle or the
infinitive.
1. Our teacher has promised ________
(to) prepare
to help (help) us ______________
(prepare) for the examinations which he has put off
holding
________
(hold) till next week.
2. I must remember ___________
to remind (remind) him that the
garden needs watering
___________________________
/ to be watered (water).
acting (act). I’d love _______
3. I’ve always loved _______
to see (see)
you wearing
________ (wear) a Roman toga and reciting
________ (recite)
Shakespeare.
Vocabulary
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Listening
4. I’ve never been able to understand how ____________
to operate
(operate) the machine.
5. If your back still hurts, try _________
rubbing (rub) some of the
lotion on it.
6. I’m sorry. I didn’t mean _________
to insult (insult) your
friends.
Vocabulary
Grammar
Translation
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Writing
Listening
An active -ing participle can be used to denote a passive
meaning which can also be expressed by a passive
infinitive.
Vocabulary
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Translation
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Listening
A wh-word can be used after ask, want, expect, decide,
know, remember, forget, explain, learn, understand,
wonder, etc.
Vocabulary
Grammar
Translation
Integrated skills
Oral activities
try doing sth.: do sth. as an experiment
Writing
Listening
Vocabulary
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Translation
Integrated skills
Oral activities
mean to do sth.: intend to do sth.
Writing
Listening
Vocabulary
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Translation
Integrated skills
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Writing
Listening
2. The non-finite forms as adverbial and noun phrase
modifier
The non-finite forms include the -ing clause and the
infinitive clause. An -ing participle clause usually refers to
an active and/or progressive event, an -ed participle
clause refers to an passive and/or experienced event
while an infinitive clause suggests an event to be
experienced. They can be used as adverbial or as noun
phrase modifier.
e.g. She looked at us with a smiling face.
To determine the number of cells, a sample is put
under a microscope.
Vocabulary
Grammar
Translation
Integrated skills
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Listening
Practice
Join each of the following pairs of sentences, using a
non-finite clause.
1. I had heard that the caves were dangerous. I didn’t
like to go any further without a light.
Having heard that the caves were dangerous, I didn’t
like to go any further without a light.
2. People were sleeping in the next room. They were
awakened by the sound of breaking glass.
People sleeping in the next room were awakened
by the sound of breaking glass.
Vocabulary
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Translation
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Listening
3. We were soaked to the skin. We eventually reached
the station.
Soaked to the skin, we eventually reached the
station.
4. He was lying on the couch. He was enjoying his pipe.
He was lying on the couch, enjoying his pipe.
5. He didn’t know what to do. He asked the teacher for
help.
Not knowing what to do, he asked the teacher for
help.
Vocabulary
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Translation
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Listening
6. Harry was jolted by the collision. He suffered a
sprained back and a broken knee.
Jolted by the collision, Harry suffered a sprained
back and a broken knee.
Vocabulary
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Translation
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Writing
Listening
The -ing participle clause functions as the modifier of
“people”.
Vocabulary
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Translation
Integrated skills
Oral activities
Writing
Listening
Translate the following sentences into English.
1. 机场当局要求每位乘客要管好自己的随身物品。
(belongings)
Belongings are something that belongs to a certain
person.
The airport authorities request that every passenger
keep an eye on his/her own belongings.
Vocabulary
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Translation
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Listening
Practice：
Translate the following sentences into English.
父母亲应允许孩子们有个人的秘密，要尊重他们的私人物
件。
Parents owe their children privacy and respect for
their personal belongings.
为您的个人财产投保，不必花费很多。
It doesn’t cost much to insure your personal
belongings.
Vocabulary
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Translation
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Listening
2. 凭着高度的责任感，那位老师为了救学生牺牲了自己。
(responsibility)
Responsibility is the state or fact of being responsible,
or an instance of being responsible.
With a high sense of responsibility, the teacher gave
his life in order to save his students.
Vocabulary
Grammar
Translation
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Listening
Practice：
Translate the following sentences into English.
国家兴亡，匹夫有责。
Every man has a share of responsibility for the fate
of his country.
你不能回避在这件事中的责任。
You can’t retreat from the responsibility in this
affair.
Vocabulary
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Translation
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Listening
3. 他信步走进小树林，对眼前的景色大感惊讶。(drift into)
If you drift into a place, you enter into a place without
any plan or purpose.
After drifting into the woods, he was greatly
amazed at the scene in front of him.
Vocabulary
Grammar
Translation
Integrated skills
Oral activities
Writing
Listening
Practice：
Translate the following sentences into English.
在你来以前，我只是在无聊地混日子，得过且过而已。
Before you came I did nothing but idle and drift into
anything that offered itself.
让我的祝福像那悦耳的铃声，飘进你的耳畔，留驻在你的
心间。
Let my blessing drift into your ears like the pleasant
jingles of bells, and fall on your heart.
Vocabulary
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Translation
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Listening
4. 面对严峻的就业形势，有不少大学生自愿到遥远的内地去
工作。(voluntarily)
If you do something voluntarily, you do it of your
own accord or by free choice or in accord with the
will.
In view of the serious employment situation, many
university graduates voluntarily go and work in the
remote areas.
Vocabulary
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Translation
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Listening
Practice：
Translate the following sentences into English.
她不是被解雇的，而是自动离职的。
She wasn’t fired — she left voluntarily.
这家公司主动召回该产品，以检查其缺陷。
The company has voluntarily recalled the product to
check for defects.
Vocabulary
Grammar
Translation
Integrated skills
Dictation
Cloze
Oral activities
Writing
Listening
Vocabulary
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Writing
Listening
Dictation
You will hear a passage read three times. At the first
reading, you should listen carefully for its general
idea. At the second reading, you are required to write
down the exact words you have just heard (with
proper punctuation). At the third reading, you should
check what you have written down.
Vocabulary
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Listening
Dictation
For a lot of people, / the word “failure” carries with
it / a feeling of coming to an end, / but for the
successful leader, / failure is a beginning, / a seed of
hope. / Leaders don’t allow themselves / to be held
prisoner by the fear of failure. / They don’t even use the
word ”failure,”. / instead they rely on words like “false
start, / never failure.”/
The lesson understood by captains of industry / is
that failure equals learning. / While we can’t say that
they exactly welcome failure, / they are uniform in their
ability to profit from it. / They use the healthy energy
coming from failure / to reach higher goals. / Almost
every “false step” is regarded as an opportunity / and
not as the end of the world.
Vocabulary
Grammar
Translation
Integrated skills
Oral activities
Writing
Listening
2. Cloze
Fill in each blank in the passage below with ONE word
you think appropriate.
About a year and a half ago, Jim developed a lump on
his forehead and underwent surgery to have it removed.
not a
At that time, his doctors believed that it was (1)
____
cancer. Later, more tumors appeared, and more surgery
(2) followed
_________ . Several months ago, Jim found out that
the tumors have spread throughout his body and that (3)
even with treatment, he would have a short life. (4)
_____
Since that time he has steadily grown weaker and has
______
yet he has shown
been able to do less and less; (5) ____
faced this loss
remarkable courage in the way he has (6) ______
and his dying.
Vocabulary
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hospitals , so he chose
Jim has always disliked (7) __________
to remain at home, in more personal surroundings. As
long as he was able, he read (8) widely
_______ and continued
to write in his diary about his thoughts and feelings on
living and dying. With his friends, he played his guitar
maintained
and sang songs that he had written. He (9) _____________
an active interest in life and in things around him, (10)
without
________ denying the fact that he was dying.
Vocabulary
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Integrated skills
Oral activities
Writing
Listening
Here you can use a word used to make a statement
negative.
About a year and a half ago, Jim developed a lump on
his forehead and underwent surgery to have it removed.
not a
At that time, his doctors believed that it was (1)
____
cancer. Later, more tumors appeared, and more surgery
(2) followed
_________ . Several months ago, Jim found out that
the tumors have spread throughout his body and that (3)
even with treatment, he would have a short life. (4)
_____
Since that time he has steadily grown weaker and has
______
yet he has shown
been able to do less and less; (5) ____
faced this loss
remarkable courage in the way he has (6) ______
and his dying.
Vocabulary
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Listening
Here you can use a word meaning “do sth. after sth. else”.
About a year and a half ago, Jim developed a lump on
his forehead and underwent surgery to have it removed.
not a
At that time, his doctors believed that it was (1)
____
cancer. Later, more tumors appeared, and more surgery
(2) followed
_________ . Several months ago, Jim found out that
the tumors have spread throughout his body and that (3)
even with treatment, he would have a short life. (4)
_____
Since that time he has steadily grown weaker and has
______
yet he has shown
been able to do less and less; (5) ____
faced this loss
remarkable courage in the way he has (6) ______
and his dying.
Vocabulary
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Writing
Listening
Here you can use a word meaning “despite”.
About a year and a half ago, Jim developed a lump on
his forehead and underwent surgery to have it removed.
not a
At that time, his doctors believed that it was (1)
____
cancer. Later, more tumors appeared, and more surgery
(2) followed
_________ . Several months ago, Jim found out that
the tumors have spread throughout his body and that (3)
even with treatment, he would have a short life. (4)
_____
Since that time he has steadily grown weaker and has
______
yet he has shown
been able to do less and less; (5) ____
faced this loss
remarkable courage in the way he has (6) ______
and his dying.
Vocabulary
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Translation
Integrated skills
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Listening
After that time, he grew weaker.
About a year and a half ago, Jim developed a lump on
his forehead and underwent surgery to have it removed.
not a
At that time, his doctors believed that it was (1)
____
cancer. Later, more tumors appeared, and more surgery
(2) followed
_________ . Several months ago, Jim found out that
the tumors have spread throughout his body and that (3)
even with treatment, he would have a short life. (4)
_____
Since that time he has steadily grown weaker and has
______
yet he has shown
been able to do less and less; (5) ____
faced this loss
remarkable courage in the way he has (6) ______
and his dying.
Vocabulary
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Translation
Integrated skills
Oral activities
Writing
Listening
Here you can use a word meaning “however”.
About a year and a half ago, Jim developed a lump on
his forehead and underwent surgery to have it removed.
not a
At that time, his doctors believed that it was (1)
____
cancer. Later, more tumors appeared, and more surgery
(2) followed
_________ . Several months ago, Jim found out that
the tumors have spread throughout his body and that (3)
even with treatment, he would have a short life. (4)
_____
Since that time he has steadily grown weaker and has
______
yet he has shown
been able to do less and less; (5) ____
faced this loss
remarkable courage in the way he has (6) ______
and his dying.
Vocabulary
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Translation
Integrated skills
Oral activities
Writing
Listening
Here you can use a word meaning “confront”.
About a year and a half ago, Jim developed a lump on
his forehead and underwent surgery to have it removed.
not a
At that time, his doctors believed that it was (1)
____
cancer. Later, more tumors appeared, and more surgery
(2) followed
_________ . Several months ago, Jim found out that
the tumors have spread throughout his body and that (3)
even with treatment, he would have a short life. (4)
_____
Since that time he has steadily grown weaker and has
______
yet he has shown
been able to do less and less; (5) ____
faced this loss
remarkable courage in the way he has (6) ______
and his dying.
Vocabulary
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Listening
He wanted to stay home and does not like hospital.
hospitals , so he chose
Jim has always disliked (7) __________
to remain at home, in more personal surroundings. As
long as he was able, he read (8) widely
_______ and continued
to write in his diary about his thoughts and feelings on
living and dying. With his friends, he played his guitar
maintained
and sang songs that he had written. He (9) _____________
an active interest in life and in things around him, (10)
without
________ denying the fact that he was dying.
Vocabulary
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Listening
He read a lot during that time.
hospitals , so he chose
Jim has always disliked (7) __________
to remain at home, in more personal surroundings. As
long as he was able, he read (8) widely
_______ and continued
to write in his diary about his thoughts and feelings on
living and dying. With his friends, he played his guitar
maintained
and sang songs that he had written. He (9) _____________
an active interest in life and in things around him, (10)
without
________ denying the fact that he was dying.
Vocabulary
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Translation
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Writing
Listening
Here you can use a word meaning “keep”.
hospitals , so he chose
Jim has always disliked (7) __________
to remain at home, in more personal surroundings. As
long as he was able, he read (8) widely
_______ and continued
to write in his diary about his thoughts and feelings on
living and dying. With his friends, he played his guitar
maintained
and sang songs that he had written. He (9) _____________
an active interest in life and in things around him, (10)
without
________ denying the fact that he was dying.
Vocabulary
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Translation
Integrated skills
Oral activities
Writing
Listening
Here you can use a word meaning “not having sth.”.
hospitals , so he chose
Jim has always disliked (7) __________
to remain at home, in more personal surroundings. As
long as he was able, he read (8) widely
_______ and continued
to write in his diary about his thoughts and feelings on
living and dying. With his friends, he played his guitar
maintained
and sang songs that he had written. He (9) _____________
an active interest in life and in things around him, (10)
without
________ denying the fact that he was dying.
Vocabulary
Grammar
Translation
Integrated skills
Oral activities
Giving a talk
Having a discussion
Writing
Listening
Vocabulary
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Translation
Integrated skills
Oral activities
Writing
Listening
Giving a talk
Shortly after you became a university student, you
found yourself suffering from depression. With the help of
your teachers, fellow students, and a psychiatrist, you
have finally got over it. And now you’d like to share your
experiences with your classmates. You would probably
begin your talk with “When my first-week excitement as a
university student was over, I found that I was no longer
my own self. I found it hard to adjust myself to the totally
new environment. I could not sleep well. I began to lose
appetite. I preferred to stay away from my fellow students.
Above all, I could not concentrate on my studies.”
Vocabulary
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Writing
Listening
For your reference:
1) You may use the following words or expressions in your
talk:
fresh start, exciting, have fun, enjoy, anxiety, miserably
distressed, confused, isolated, homesick, blues, depression,
absent-minded, get lost, aimless, ask for help, adapt to,
open one’s mind, remedy, recover, alter, optimistic,
confident
2) You may find the following outline helpful for your
recounting:
— At the very beginning, I found I couldn’t eat and sleep
well. I thought maybe I just need some time to adapt
to college life …
— After two weeks, it still didn’t work. I become very
confused, isolated and homesick. I even wanted to
quit school and go home …
— I couldn’t handle the depression any more. I should
ask for some help. First, I came to my old classmates
who were studying at the same college … Then I
talked with my favorite teacher …
Vocabulary
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Having a discussion
Have a discussion in a group of four or five students
on the increasing occurrence of psychological problems
among students in universities and even middle schools as
well. Try to find out the causes and suggest some remedies.
Vocabulary
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Listening
For your reference:
1) You could probably list some psychological problems
among college students as follows:
— Freshmen tend to be depressed and aimless.
— Some college students are likely to have
examination anxiety, and when they fail in the exam,
they easily get frustrated.
— Some find it hard to experience the heavy academic
burden.
— Some have trouble in establishing harmonious
interpersonal relationship.
— Some are so dependent on the Internet.
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2) You may list some possible causes as follows:
— Being the only child in their family and long spoiled
by their family, they are less able to bear pressure.
— The great pressure comes from the competitive
world, especially from the employment pressure.
— Some find difficulty in shifting in their roles as
students from high school to collage.
Vocabulary
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3) You may list some possible resolutions as follows:
— They should learn to face up to their problems and
be strong.
— Schools should give regular lectures or courses on
psychological therapy, or establish a psychological
therapy center.
— The whole society should attach great importance to
the problem and try to establish a healthy network
among school, family and individual.
Vocabulary
Grammar
Translation
Integrated skills
Oral activities
Sentence emphasis
Practice
Writing
Listening
Vocabulary
Grammar
Translation
Integrated skills
Oral activities
Writing
Listening
Sentence Emphasis
In a sentence, there are always some ideas that are
more important than others, and thus should be put in
important positions so as to be emphasized. The use of
emphasis in individual sentences is particularly important,
because it is the means by which you call the reader’s
attention to the relatively important ideas in your writing.
Ideas can be emphasized in following ways:
Vocabulary
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Writing
Listening
A. Position
Important ideas can be highlighted by being put in
emphatic positions in the sentence. The beginning of a
sentence can pull a key idea out for special attention.
However, the most emphatic position in the sentence is
the end, the next emphatic position at the beginning, and
the least emphatic position in the middle.
Example:
Not emphatic: Total deafness is worse than total blindness,
however, in many ways.
Emphatic: Total deafness, however, is in many ways worse
than total blindness.
Vocabulary
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B. Periodic sentence
Sentences differ in how tightly they subordinate
related material to a main point. A loose sentence is one in
which the main idea comes first, and the less important
ideas or details follow. A periodic sentence, on the other
hand, is one in which the main thought is held suspended
until the end or near the end, when it is suddenly released.
The periodic sentence is usually emphatic and conclusive
because the weight of the statement falls on the longawaited predication.
Vocabulary
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Example:
Loose: Richard Wagner became one of the most successful
composers of all time in spite of the jeers of his
contemporaries.
Periodic: Richard Wagner, though jeered at by his
contemporaries, became one of the most
successful composers of all time.
Vocabulary
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C. Climactic order
The climactic order is the order that goes from the
least important to the most important. Ordering by
decreasing importance may result in anticlimax and
eventually lead to loss of emphasis.
Example:
Not emphatic: The dean threatened me with failure in
the course, with expulsion, and with the
loss of a parking space for my car.
Emphatic: The dean threatened me with the loss of a
parking space for my car, with failure in the
course, and with expulsion.
Vocabulary
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D. Inversion
English sentences are usually of "subject + predicate"
order, which is also called the natural order. Sometimes,
however, for the purpose of emphasizing some important
ideas or to keep a series of sentences in good balance, the
natural order can be inverted, which is called the inverted
order.
Example:
Not emphatic: He has never been to the Great Wall.
Emphatic: Never has he been to the Great Wall.
Vocabulary
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E. Repetition
Intentional repetition, which is an effective device for
securing certain kinds of attention from the reader, usually
greatly adds to the force of expression and helps to gain
emphasis.
Example:
Not emphatic: We’ll work, fight for and die for freedom.
Emphatic: We’ll work for freedom; we’ll fight for
freedom; we’ll die for freedom.
Vocabulary
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F. Active voice
Active verbs express meanings more emphatically and
vigorously when they are used in the active voice than in
the passive voice. Verbs in the passive voice lack strength
because their subjects receive the action instead of doing it.
So sometimes in order to make sentences more emphatic,
the active voice is preferable.
Example:
Not emphatic: No reason for her refusal to answer was
given by the girl.
Emphatic: The girl gave no reason for her refusal to
answer.
Vocabulary
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G. Emphatic words, phrases and structures
There are words and phrases that may be used to
emphasize other words. Emphatic words, phrases and cleft
sentences can help gain emphasis.
Example:
Not emphatic: I love the movie.
Emphatic: I do love the movie.
Vocabulary
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Practice
Rewrite the following sentences to achieve greater
emphasis in the way suggested in the brackets.
1. We can do so little alone; we can do so much together.
(position)
Emphatic:
Alone we can do so little; together we can do so
much.
Little and much are placed at the end of the clauses
so as to receive emphasis.
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Listening
2. He who loses his mind loses all; he who loses a friend
loses more; and he who loses money loses much. (climax)
Emphatic:
He who loses money loses much; he who loses a friend
loses more; and he who loses his mind loses all.
The results go from the least serious to the most
serious.
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Listening
3. Good friends are those who care about, cherish, and
help each other. (repetition)
Emphatic:
Good friends are those who care about each other,
cherish each other, and help each other.
Each other is repeated three times, which gives force to the ideas
expressed in the sentence.
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Listening
4. We will be given a lecture by Professor Brown. (active
voice)
Emphatic:
Professor Brown will give us a lecture.
The clumsy passive voice is changed into active voice.
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5. You must have a good command of at least one foreign
language if you want to learn advanced science and
technology from foreign countries. (periodic sentence)
Emphatic:
If you want to learn advanced science and technology
from foreign countries, you must have a good
command of at least one foreign language.
Readers may remember the ways instead of the
conditions.
Vocabulary
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Listening
6. We will not give up the plan under any circumstances.
(inversion)
Emphatic:
Under no circumstances will we give up the plan.
The unusual order draws the reader’s attention.
Vocabulary
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Translation
Integrated skills
Oral activities
Writing
Listening
Simply to Relax
A. Listen to a radio program called Faith Radio
Online — Simply to Relax. Do as the speaker
suggests while listening. And then answer the
following two questions.
1. Why do we need to relax?
We are spending too much time on __________
our jobs and
___________________
extra tasks in life .
We need to slow
___________
reassess what we’re
down and _________
doing and why.
Vocabulary
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Writing
2. What are the benefits of relaxation?
Relaxation brings us:
__________________
peace of mind ;
a _______________________
calm emotional state of being;
____________________
improved health ;
____________________
increased energy ;
far less stress held within the body.
_______________
Listening
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Listening
B. Listen again. Focus on Faith’s instructions. Supply
the missing words.
1. Take ______________________
a deep, slow breath , taking in ________________
as much air as
you can, ______________
as slowly as you can.
2. Feel your lungs fill, and then __________________________
hold the breath for five
________________
to ten seconds .
3. Let your breath out slowly, feeling __________________
the stress leave
exhale .
your body as you ________
___________
4. Allow your mind to ______
focus on the breathing.
5. Take in another deep breath, _______
slowly and _______
surely .
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6. _________________________________
Hold it for five to ten seconds , and then exhale
slowly … slowly … slowly.
7. Take another deep breath, very
hold it in .
slowly , and __________
____________
8. ___________________
Release it slowly and feel the tension leave your
air .
______
body with the ____
9. Do this _______________
ten to fifteen times.
Vocabulary
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Listening
Simply to Relax
Hi, welcome to Faith Radio Online — Simply to Relax.
I’m Faith.
It’s very easy to forget to relax during our hectic days
and nights, during the time when we’re constantly trying
to get things done. So many of us are spending so much
time on our jobs and our extra tasks in life that we tend
to forget to slow down and reassess what we’re doing
and why.
So take a deep, slow breath. No, really — go ahead.
Take a deep, slow breath, taking in as much air as you
can, as slowly as you can. Feel your lungs fill, and then
hold the breath for five to ten seconds.
Vocabulary
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Let your breath out slowly, feeling the stress leave
your body as you exhale. The hurry and the stress can
ride out of your body and mind in the air that you
breathe out, and if you can allow your mind to focus on
the breathing, you can slow down those thoughts that are
running around in your mind at about a million miles an
hour.
Take in another deep breath, slowly and surely. Hold
it for five to ten seconds, and then exhale slowly …
slowly … slowly.
There are many important things in your life that you
need to take care of, but if you take the time to relax
and treat yourself well, you will find that these few
minutes of relaxation can provide a huge benefit for you.
Vocabulary
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Listening
So take another deep breath, very slowly, and hold it
in. Release it slowly and feel the tension leave your body
with the air. If you do this ten to fifteen times, you’ll
find yourself feeling energized, relaxed, and in a more
positive state of mind.
Learning to relax is the greatest gift we can give
ourselves, the benefits of taking a few minutes of our
busy day to relax are many, relaxation brings us peace of
mind, a calm emotional state of being, improved health,
increased energy, and far less stress held within the body.
Text II
Memorable quotes
Lead-in questions
Text
Questions for discussion
Text II
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Lead-in questions
1. What might the patients with chronic illness suffer?
2. How can one help them?
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Memorable quotes
REMAINING POSITIVE WHEN
FACING A CHRONIC ILLNESS
Mary J. Yerkes
A diagnosis of
chronic illness can bring with it
1
feelings of denial, anger and grief.
But, at some point,
the emotions subside and you are faced with a harsh
reality — you are no longer the person you once were.
Chronic illness has robbed you from your sense of identity
and purpose.
Do you even stand a chance of rebuilding
a meaningful life?
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Memorable quotes
Judy Gann — a breast cancer
2 According to
survivor who suffers from
fibromyalgia and other
autoimmune disorders — you can. She took her
experience of living with chronic illness and her desire
to comfort others and wrote The God of All Comfort:
Devotions of Hope for Those Who Chronically Suffer.
“God has transformed a shy, quiet woman into one
who shares His comfort and hope with chronic illness
support groups throughout the United States,” she says.
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Memorable quotes
3 Mari Eronen discovered her “creative side,” after
reducing her work hours due to
complications from
Type 1 Diabetes.
4 “The part-time work hours may be a drain on
finances, but they are definitely enriching my quality of
life!”
5 Judy and Mari have rediscovered joy and purpose in
their lives, and they are not alone.
Many with chronic
illness have rebuilt their lives and have gone on to launch
new ministries, careers and friendships. Others have
developed gifts and talents they never knew they had.
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Memorable quotes
6 Making this life transition yourself can be easier if you
know how other sufferers of a chronic illness dealt with it.
The key is to keep it in perspective.
7 “Rebuilding or redefining normal is a long process,”
explains
Georgia Shaffer, a psychologist, professional
speaker and life coach. “It can take years.” Given just a 2
percent chance to live in 1989 after a recurrence of breast
cancer, Georgia lost her job because she was too weak to
work, and
her husband walked out on her. After
piecing her shattered life back together, she wrote A Gift
of Mourning Glories — Restoring Your Life after Loss , to
serve as a guidebook to help others rebuild their lives.
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Memorable quotes
Here are a few of her suggestions:
8
9 ● Ask important questions like, “What am I
passionate about?” “What in my life can I share with
others?” We sometimes abandon our “passions” for adult
responsibilities. Think back to your youth and what you
enjoyed doing. Rediscover your gifts and talents. Although
your chronic illness may keep you from coaching your son’s
soccer team, maybe you can use your photography skills to
capture those winning moments. Be creative.
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Memorable quotes
Rebuilding your life
10 ● Take calculated risks.
requires that you explore unchartered territory. Sure, it
might be scary to head back to college at age 35, but why
not give it a shot? While you may not succeed at
everything you try, the experiences will enrich your life
and give you something to talk about besides your illness.
11 ● Eliminate toxic relationships from your life. Few
things are more draining than dysfunctional relationships.
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People who consistently blame you for their problems,
criticize your choices and discount your feelings are
toxic. If being in someone’s company continually drains
you, it might be a sign of an unhealthy relationship.
Learn to establish healthy boundaries.
12 ● Forgive those who fail you. Over time, your
friends will fail you, co-workers will fail you — even
your church will fail you. Forgive them and move on.
13 ● Learn to choose between “best” and “good.”
Your physical and emotional resources will limit your
choices. Determine who and what adds meaning
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Memorable quotes
to your life and invest in those relationships and
activities. Not sure? Ask a friend. A fresh perspective
may be just what you need.
14 ● Share your gifts and talents. Those who suffer
have a lot to contribute. It is critical to look for ways to
share your gifts and talents with others in your church
and the community.
Volunteering builds self-esteem, contributes to
15
feelings of value and worth, helps overcome social
isolation and gives you a sense of belonging.
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Memorable quotes
16 Rebuilding your life while living with a chronic
illness can seem like a daunting task. Take heart. With
a little knowledge, creativity and encouragement from
others, it’s possible.
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Memorable quotes
Mary J. Yerkes is an American award-winning writer,
teacher, and speaker, specializing in writing nonfiction
articles, stories, and essays for the inspirational and
general markets. Known for her dramatic storytelling
skills, Mary has earned national recognition for her
emotionally-evocative creative nonfiction. Mary was
diagnosed with rheumatoid arthritis in 1997. She poured
her struggles onto the pages of her journal, which finally
turned into articles.
Text II
Memorable quotes
chronic illness (Paragraph 1): an illness that lasts a long
time and is not likely to be cured. Nearly one in two
Americans is said to suffer from chronic illness. Chronic
illness breeds physical, emotional and spiritual
devastation.
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Memorable quotes
But, at some point, the emotions subside and you are
faced with a harsh reality — you are no longer the
person you once were. (Paragraph 1): But, at one time
or another when your feelings become less strong, you
are aware of the fact that your illness has seriously
affected your thoughts, emotions and personality.
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Memorable quotes
Do you even stand a chance of rebuilding a meaningful life?
(Paragraph 1): Do you still have an opportunity to recreate a
meaningful life?
stand a chance: have an opportunity
e.g. Without your help, I stood the least chance of
finishing the task in time.
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Memorable quotes
Judy Gann (Paragraph 2): Living in Washington State,
Judy serves as Writers Coordinator/ Acquisitions Editor
for Rest Ministries, an international support ministry for
people with chronic illness and chronic pain. A member
of the Christian Authors Network (CAN), she coordinates
CAN’s marketing efforts to public libraries. Judy has
published several magazine articles and contributed to
compilations. In 1988, a severe allergic reaction to
medication severely impaired Judy’s cognitive abilities.
After spending nearly a year bedridden, she returned to
work, only to find she’d lost the ability to write even a
simple memo. Judy’s dream of writing crumbled. Over
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the next seven years her cognitive abilities — including
writing — gradually improved. Judy Gann’s passion is
to offer hope and encouragement through her writing
and speaking.
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fibromyalgia and other autoimmune disorders
(Paragraph 2): 纤维肌痛症以及其他自体免疫失调症
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God has transformed a shy, quiet woman into one who
shares His comfort and hope with chronic illness support
groups throughout the United States. (Paragraph 3):
God has completely changed a shy, quiet woman into
one who shares God’s blessing with all the other
Americans that are members of chronic illness support
groups.
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complications (Paragraph 4): A complication is a medical
problem or illness that happens while someone is
already ill and makes treatment more difficult.
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Many with chronic illness have rebuilt their lives and
have gone on to launch new ministries, careers and
friendships. (Paragraph 6): Many people with chronic
illness have resumed their normal life and have
started their careers with the government, entered
their chosen professions, and made new friends.
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The key is to keep it in perspective. (Paragraph 7): If you
want to live normally again, you must judge the
importance of it correctly.
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Georgia Shaffer (Paragraph 8): Georgia Shaffer is the
author of the award — winning book A Gift of Mourning
Glories — Restoring Your Life after Loss and the
producer of the syndicated radio feature The Mourning
Glory Minute. Georgia is a licensed Psychologist in
Pennsylvania and a Professional Coach working with
leaders and communicators nationwide.
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… her husband walked out on her. (Paragraph 9): … her
husband deserted her, went away and lived somewhere
else.
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After piecing her shattered life back together, …
(Paragraph 9): After her upset life went back to normal, …
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Rebuilding your life requires that you explore unchartered
territory. Sure, it might be scary to head back to college
at age 35, but why not give it a shot? (Paragraph 12):
Leading a normal life again requires that you explore your
new life. Of course, it might be frightening to go back to
college at age 35, but why not try to do it?
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Few things are more draining than dysfunctional
relationships. (Paragraph 13): Nothing can be more
exhausting than having an unhealthy relationship with
others.
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Learn to choose between our physical and emotional
resources will limit your choices. (Paragraph 15): Learn
to determine who and what helps you when you are in
need of it. Being physically weak and deprived of joy and
purpose in life will stop you from making a right decision.
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Volunteering builds self-esteem, contributes to feelings
of value and worth, helps overcome social isolation and
gives you a sense of belonging. (Paragraph 18): Being
willing to help brings you praise and respect from others,
enables you to feel important and worthwhile, helps you
to actively participate in social activities and makes you
feel happy and comfortable.
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Questions for discussion
1. How do some people suffering from chronic illness
feel about themselves?
Chronic illness may seriously affect a person’s thoughts,
emotions, personality, or behavior. Some people with
chronic illness often experience pessimistic feelings.
They may interpret a minor failing on their part as a
sign of incompetence or minor criticism as
condemnation.
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Questions for discussion
2. Why does the writer quote the cases of Judy and Mari?
The writer quotes the cases of a breast cancer
survivor and a Type 1 Diabetes patient to give
emphasis to her argument that people with chronic
illness can rebuild a meaningful life.
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3. How can people with chronic illness make their life
transition easier?
Chronic illness lasts a long time and cannot be cured.
Therefore, people with chronic illness must be
prepared for a long period of supervision, observation
and treatment, and realize the importance of
rebuilding their lives. They can also learn from other
sufferers to deal with their own problems.
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Questions for discussion
4. What is the social need that people with chronic
illness should satisfy for rebuilding their lives?
It is the need to interact socially and be accepted by
those whose opinions and friendship they value.
Pleasant relations with co-workers and active
participation in social and professional activities with
family and friends satisfy it.
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Questions for discussion
5. According to the passage, how can people with
chronic illness return to normal, productive lives?
They need to learn how to change their thinking
patterns to deal with the psychological and social
consequences of their illnesses. They need to
eliminate negative and undesirable thoughts and
actively participate in social activities to a normal
level of functioning.
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What should be the attitudes towards hardships suggested
by the following quotes?
Guidance: Sometimes we hurt. Sometimes our hearts ache.
Sometimes we cry out in pain. In the quest to heal and
recover from the hurts that are part of life, reasons might
not make sense during periods of intense pain and
suffering, and yet when given time and compassion, the
sorrow would somehow lessen in intensity.
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Marcel Proust (1871-1922) was a French novelist, critic and
essayist and best known for his monumental In Search of
Lost Time.
Vittorio Alfieri (1749-1803) was an Italian dramatist,
considered the “founder of Italian tragedy.”
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1. We are healed of a suffering by
experiencing it to the full.
— Marcel Proust
We could recover from the hurt by experiencing it to
the greatest extent.
be healed of: (heal sb. of sth.) be made happy again,
be cured of illness (formal)
e.g. She was healed of loneliness by his love.
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2. Oft times the test of courage becomes
rather to live than to die.
— Alfieri
Often it takes more courage to live than to die.
Rather … than: used for expressing preference of sth.
instead of sth. Structures in parallel are used after
rather and than.
e.g. It was made shorter rather than longer.
I decided to write rather than (to) telephone.
Notation (type here)