Islamic Republic of Afghanistan
Afghanistan Conference on Sanitation
2016
Excreta Management Thematic Session
Presentation on : The Importance of Public Latrines
with Sludge Management in Kabul City
Prepared by and Presenter:
Eng. A. Samay Saquib
WASH Specialist - WSG Group
This Presentation
• is based on a desk research and observation
conducted by the Author
• highlights the usefulness of some of the public
latrine complexes with FSM in Kabul city
• describes the harms and side benefits
(behaviour change)
• explains the possible changes (Hygiene & OD)
• ends with conclusion and recommendations
Kabul City
• Kabul city population - nearly 3.5 million (CSO
2012).
• 70% live in informal settlements (USAID)
• Sixty four largest and the 5th fastest growing
city in the world.
• WASH services despite progress remains a big
challenge.
• Suffering mainly from human produced wastes.
A glance to Sanitation in
Kabul City
• OD/OU
• Inappropriate latrines (85% of HH)
with Poor sludge/Excreta MGT
• 3,000 tons of solid waste/day- Capacity
400 tons only * (2,000 CM-1600)
• Half drains are not working
Some of the sewage /liquid waste
is disposed in rivers untreated
• Septic tanks 12% and Sewerage 3%
• River open to wastes & no FSM
* Source: UN Habitat
Health Risks
• Dry traditional toilets cause smells & disease
• 70 % of diarrhea patients in hospitals caused by
unsanitary latrines (hospitals)
• Children are vulnerable to parasites found in human
excrement,
• DD - the second most prevalent cause of U5 child
mortality & hospitalization (2014 KAP survey- MoPH)
Response to Kabul City
Sanitation
• Ideal solution - Sewerage System & Waste Recycling
• DEWAT / FSM are experimented and in scaling up
stage
• We need Modernization of toilet systems in Kabul,
• Public Latrines is part of the solution for public places
, but the number is limited (around 36) compared to
population size
• Sulabh Supported Toilets - As A Good Option
Sulabh Supported
Public Latrine Option
• Water Carried latrine complexes built
in Strategic Locations
• Aimed at cracking the cycle of OD
& hygiene and proper SM
• Biogas digesters , followed by a
series of filtration steps and UV
disinfection for treatment of the digestae .
• The grey-water  collection well .
• Biogas used for cooking, lighting and running of
generator
Continued
• Separate Compartment
• The treated effluent
is used for irrigation.
• All operated by
• Municipality with minor
charges ( Free urination, 5 Afs/defecation
and Afs 20/person for bathing.
• Toilet paper is provided when charged
Observations by the Author
•
•
•
•
Functional & clean
High Utilization
Reduced OD in River
Charging AFN 20 for bathing,
AFN 5 for defecation with
toilet paper and free urination
• In 2 latrines out of 100 persons 98 in the 1st & 96 in
the second latrine washed hands after
defecation/urination.
Conclusions and
Recommendations
:
Recommendations
• Good model of FSM for replication
• Scaling up (Municipality is willing)
• Monitoring crucially important for effective O&M
• Promotion in other strategic locations.
• A formal Study needed (by Municipality)
Conclusion
• Effectiveness in promoting handwashing, bathing and
reducing OD.
• Promoting waste recycling -Training model
• Opportunity for Poor
Thank you

Questions/Comments