The UNESCAP Regional Expert Group Meeting &
Second Asia BRTS Conference, in Ahmedabad
Urban traffic situation and possible solutions for HANOI
Nguyen Cong Bang
Ahmedabad 9/2014
Source by Dr.-Ing. Khuat Viet Hung/MOT
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The UNESCAP Regional Expert Group Meeting & Second
Asia BRTS Conference, in Ahmedabad
Hanoi and Ho Chi Minh Traffic: in the
Past and Today
Dr.-Ing. Khuat Viet Hung/DOT/MOT
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Ancient Thang Long Traffic: Non-motorized traffic
1- Đông giáp Kinh Bắc; 2 - Thiên Đức giang; 3 - Nhĩ Hà; 4 Vạn Bảo châu; 5 - Bắc; 6 - Tây Hồ; 7 - Trấn Vũ quán; 8 Thiên Phù giang; 9 - Bắc giáp Sơn Tây; 10 - Trung Đô đồ; 11 Thăng Long thành; 12 - Quảng Đức huyện; 13 - Tô Lịch giang;
14 - Đông Môn; 15 - Đông Cung; 16 - Vạn Thọ điện; 17 - Chí
Linh; 18 - Khán Sơn tự; 19 - Linh Lang từ; 20 - Giảng Vũ điện;
21 - Tây Tràng An; 22 - Đông Tràng An; 23 - Thái Miếu; 24 Nam Môn; 25 - Bạch Mã từ; 26 - Phụng Thiên phủ; 27 - Báo
Thiên tháp; 28 - Hội Thí trường; 29 - Tây; 30 - Bảo Khánh
môn; 31 - Đồ họa tam; 32 - Quốc Tử Giám; 33 - Tư Thiên
giám; 34 - Thọ Xương huyện; 35 - Nam Giao điện; 36 - Nam;
37 - Tây giáp Sơn Tây; 38 - Nam giáp Sơn Nam.
Dr.-Ing. Khuat Viet Hung/DOT/MOT
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Hanoi before the French Invasion: Non-motorized traffic
Dr.-Ing. Khuat Viet Hung/DOT/MOT
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Hanoi under French Colonial: NMT and Tramway
Dr.-Ing. Khuat Viet Hung/DOT/MOT
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Hanoi before Doi Moi: NMT and Tramway
Dr.-Ing. Khuat Viet Hung/DOT/MOT
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Hanoi 1990s: MNT + Bus and ….. Motorcycle
Nguồn: http://reds.vn/index.php/khoanh-khac-lich-su/402-ha-noi-1990/
Dr.-Ing. Khuat Viet Hung/DOT/MOT
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Hanoi 2000s: Motorcycle and ….. car
Dr.-Ing. Khuat Viet Hung/DOT/MOT
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Ho Chi Minh today
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Ho Chi Minh today
10
Ho Chi Minh today
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Hanoi & Ho Chi Minh Traffic : Problems
and Causes
Dr.-Ing. Khuat Viet Hung/DOT/MOT
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Urban Transport Problems
 Accidents
 High rate of fatalities
 Occurred mainly on the urban arterials and sub-urban
highways
 Severe accidents occurred frequently during night time and
off-peak period
 Congestion
 Extremely high volume
 60% travel time is delay
 Pollutions
 Noise: is the most serious environmental problem of
motorcyle use
 Air pollution: two-stroke engine motorcyclees
Dr.-Ing. Khuat Viet Hung/DOT/MOT
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Dr.-Ing. Khuat Viet Hung/DOT/MOT
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Traffic Problems: Accidents
Vehicle per 10.000 vehicles rate of cars is 4 time higher than
that of motorcycle
35.00
Car
Motorcycle
30.00
3.35
10.00
9.93
15.00
8.32
20.00
12.51
15.95
25.00
5.00
3.85
40.00
34.52
No. of vehicle among 10,000 vehicle related to traffic accident
30.71

0.00
2005
2006
2007
Note: Data is only for the former Hanoi area (before 1/08/2008)
Slide 15
2008
Source: Hanoi Traffic Police Bureau 2009
Dr.-Ing. Khuat Viet
Hung/DOT/MOT
Congestion: Look and think!
Dr.-Ing. Khuat Viet
Hung/DOT/MOT
Causes of the Problems
 Internal Causes: Transport Issues
± Demand: high intensity and imbalanced distribution
− Vehicles: mixed vehicle technologies on the traffic flow
− Behaviours: immature responses to motorisation of transport
− Road Network: imbalanced distribution, lack of hierarchy, nonstandard alleys
− Parking: lack of area and facilities, No consideration for MC
− Public transport: low availability and quality
− Traffic Management: confusing and low effectiveness
± Urban and Transport Plans: failed by
− Ambitious goals and objectives
± Foreigner dependent planning
− Lack of resources (technical, financial, human)
− Complicated structure and low competency institutions
Dr.-Ing. Khuat Viet Hung/DOT/MOT
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Causes of the Problems
 External Causes: Urban development Issues
 Political and socio-economic conditions
 Frequently changing laws and regulations, and institutional structure
 Quickly increasing income
 Social conflicts between different income groups and cultural trends.
 Demographic conditions
 Rapid and uncontrolled urbanisation
 High density population
 Urban form and Land use conditions
 Mono-centric urban form
 Mixed land use in the city centre
 Sprawled and uncontrolled development in the newly urbanised areas
 Two-wheeler accessed only block
Dr.-Ing. Khuat Viet Hung/DOT/MOT
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Over-pass bridge: Solutions or problems?
Dr.-Ing. Khuat Viet Hung/DOT/MOT
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Which way for urban and transport system in Hanoi
Walking
cities
Bus cities
Strong motorisation
Original Rail
cities
Early
replace
of rail by
buses
NMT Cities
( low-cost cities)
Unrestrained/rapid motorisation; High
investment in road building; rapid
sprawling suburbs, strongly reduce
invesment in mass transit
?
MDCs
MDCs
Strong/Early motorisation, low
investement in public transport
Early restrain of motorisation
Continue
motorisation
Automobile
cities
Slow: motorisation: restrained vehicle use;
moderate road buidling
Traffic saturated
cities
"Bangkok syndrome"
Urban
Transport
Development
Scenarios
for Hanoi
Srongly restrain motorisation and vechicle use,
Investement in Modern buses; Transit oriented land
use; investement in NMT facilities
Continue motorisation; Do
Modern Bus
Cities
Traffic disasters
nothing else
Continue motorisation; Heavy
investment in road road builing;
rapid sprawling suburbs
Very low accessibility
Economic stagnation,
pollution, urban decay
Car dependence become
"built in"
?
?
?
Automobile cities
Modern Bus
Cities
Spectrum of city types between
autmobile cities and modern transit
cities
?
[adapted from Barter (1999)]
Slide 20
Mass-transit oriented land use patterns
become the norm; Investement in NMT
facilities
Mass-transit oriented land use
patterns become the norm;
Investement in Rail Transit
Unrestrained/rapid motorisation; High
ivestment in road building; rapid sprawling
suburbs, strongly reduce invesment in
mass transit
Weak centre
Note:
Investment in Rail transit (when
affordable); Transit oriented land use
development
?
Modern Transit
Cities
(Rail oriented)
Modern Transit Cities
?
Strong centre
?
General evoluation path of the cities
Low oil-dependent city
Evolution path of some early industrialised cities
Oil-dependent City
Suitable path for Motorcycle Dependent Cities cities
Congested& oil-dependent City
Dr.-Ing. Khuat Viet
Hung/DOT/MOT
Urban Transport Development Framework
A low-carbon and liveable city
A Strong, Efficient and Low
carbon Economy
To ensure mobility
for all transport
demand
A Sustainable Transport
System
To ensure safety
of all traffic
movements
Rich and Harmonise Culture
To protect
natural
resources and
environment
To ensure equality in
using transport
properties
To reduce accident
frequency
To reduce air
pollutions
To increase the
number of modal
choices
To reduce accident
severity
To reduce traffic
noise
To increase
productivity and
efficiency of supply
To save energy
consumption in
transport
To increase capacity of
transport supply
To save space
consumption for
transport
To promote use of
public transport
service
Dr.-Ing. Khuat Viet Hung/DOT/MOT
To promote use
of non-motorised
transport
To reduce use of
individual motorised
vehicles
City's vision
To improve
economy of the city
and region
City's
Development
goals
Strategic goals
of transport
system
To reduce total
transport cost
To increase economic
productivity and
efficiency
To improve economic
attractiveness
To improve
intermodal and
multimodal transport
To improve
urban freight
transport
Functional
objectives of
transport
system
Modal
development
objectives
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SOME INFOMATIONS ABOUT BRT IN VIET NAM
Why Hanoi BRT
-BRT has clear advantages over all modern public transports such as
underground train and sky train, because it is more cost effective, can
be constructed more quickly and is suitable with Hanoi economic and
transport conditions.
- Other advantages of BRT include: fast speed, high capacity, friendly
with disabled passengers, dedicated bus lanes help reduce bus delays,
improve bus passenger travel time and bus service frequencies.
- Hanoi BRT is high quality bus transit with more civilized and modern
services for passengers. Hanoi BRT uses Magnetic Ticket and smart
pass systems. Special bus platform makes it easy and friendly for
disabled travelers. Hanoi BRT uses high capacity buses with clean,
civilized environment and provides additional values to customers.
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SOME INFOMATIONS ABOUT BRT IN VIET NAM
Bus Rapid Transport Project - Hanoi BRT
The Hanoi Bus Rapid Transit (BRT) is one of the components of Hanoi
Urban Transport Development Project which has been approved by
Hanoi People's Committee at Decision 1837/QĐ-UBND dated May 10,
2007. This World Bank funded ODA project is an important step in
improving the city's urban transportation network and strengthening
public transport capacity.
Hanoi BRT has 2 types of tickets:
(1) The Magnetic Ticket: including single journey ticket and On-day
pass
(2) The smart pass including monthly ticket and Student smart pass.
Smart pass is new type of convenient ticket using modern technology
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HANOI BRT ROUTES
Dr.-Ing. Khuat Viet Hung/DOT/MOT
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BRT in HA NOI
TDSI
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BRT in HA NOI
TDSI
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BRT in HO CHI MINH
TDSI
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BRT IN HO CHI MINH
TDSI
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Urban transport development strategies
 Approach 1:
Provision of Infrastructure
capacity to service the
growth of car traffic
 Approach 2: Provision
of Mass Rapid Transit
System
 Approach 3: Traffic
Management
Dr.-Ing. Khuat Viet Hung/DOT/MOT
Heavy cost & Environmental unfriendly
Env. Friendly, heavy cost, long time
Env. Friendly, Low cost, short & medium time, flexible
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Management-based Transport Development Strategies
Conflict Solving
Measures
Traffic
Management
Strategy
Manifested
Problems
Transport Situation
[Source: Adapted from Khuat (2006)]
Slide 30
Dr.-Ing. Khuat Viet
Hung/DOT/MOT
Some remarks
 Hanoi is still depending on motorcycle strongly in term of
accessibility and mobility
 Car use in growing and evidently causing both congestion
and accidents
 Almost no chance to have balance car dependent situation
 Transit Oriented Development is a solution but may be the
best but may not be the optimal solution with tin 10 to 15
years
 Cleaner and Safer Motorcycle in combination with bus
transport improvement should be emphasized!!!
 Traffic Management must become key strategy in the
urban transport development process of Hanoi
Dr.-Ing. Khuat Viet Hung/DOT/MOT
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Recommendations
 Establishment a comprehensive dynamic Traffic Model for Hanoi to
use as the basis for traffic management of Hanoi transport system
 Intelligent Traffic Management Strategy must become major strategy
in formulation and implementation of Hanoi Urban Transport Master
Plan to 2030 vision to 2050
 To conduct a comprehensive study on traffic management plan for
Hanoi in a period of 5 year with a vision to 10 year.
 Identify clearly the functions and responsibilities of related
governmental authorities and agencies in traffic management.
 Recognize urban traffic quality as one of the key performance
indicators of Hanoi’s Chairman of People Committee and Party
Leader
Dr.-Ing. Khuat Viet Hung/DOT/MOT
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