Aiming at
ZERO WASTE
The Solution For Gauteng
South Africa vs Gauteng
South Africa =
1,219,090 km2
Gauteng =
17,010 km2
Gauteng =
1.4% of
South
Africa
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Gauteng Statistics
Gauteng area – 17,010 km2
Population – 12.3 million
Density = 723 per km2
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Estimated Population Growth
40
35
30
25
20
15
10
5
0
35.5
24
18.2
15.7
12.3
12.3
2.50%
4%
Population figures in millions
2013
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2023
2040
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Waste Volume Growth
Rich
Poor
3.02
1.57
1.46
5.84
1.56
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
7.41
2013 - 2040
Total
Million Tons per year
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Future Effects of Growth
 Population
 Education
growth by 2.5% - 4%
requirements will double
 Unemployment
 Crime
escalates ?
 Traffic
 Waste
increasing by +25% ?
volumes to increase
growth by 2.5% - 4%
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Current Landfill Sites
Approximately
17 in Gauteng
Largest ones are:Goudkopies (Jhb)
Holfontein (Springs)
Marie Louie (Roodeport)
Randfontein
Robinson Deep (Jhb)
Bon Accord
Soshanguve (Pta)
Vereeniging
Chloorkop (Kempton Park)
Vanderbijl Park
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Future Capacity
 Some
 e.g.
sites have only 7 years left until full!
City of Johannesburg – 4 sites with less than
10 years life left.
GDARD Policy =
No More New Landfill Sites
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Targets – Polokwane Declaration
 50%
recycled by 2012
 100% recycled by 2022
 Current
situation in 2013
<10% recycled
Where
will we be by 2022? Or 2040?
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Current Waste Handling Methods
 Landfill
site becomes full
 Transfer station built
 Start new regional landfill outside city –
>50 – 100 km outside city
 Costs ?
 Transfer Station – > R25 million each
 Long haul transport, big trucks and
trailers – Millions of Rands
 Landfill running costs – Millions of Rands
NB – Landfill sites for household waste only
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Current Recycling Methods
Drop-off
and buy back – 5% recycling
Bin Scavenging –
< 0.1%
Landfill Scavenging – <1%
*****
 Pikitup Pilot/Test Site – Waterfall Area
 Separation at source
 ± 13% participation
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Table of Waste
Only the „crumbs‟ are recycled via scavenging and drop-off!
Some call this “Cherry Picking” or “Picking the eyes out of the waste stream”.
* Household Waste 3.3% - Study by CSIR – 2011
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Barriers To Recycling*
 Barriers
relating to the Existing Solid Waste
Management Systems
 Barriers relating to the General Public
 Economical and Financial Barriers
 Market Barriers
 Attitude of Government – Strategies and
Procurement
*
Resource Recycling – Journal of Recycling, Reuse, and Waste Reduction –
March/April 1983 - Canada
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Problems of Existing Situation
 None
of the above efforts will achieve better
than 10%
 Proposed
targets will never be reached
 Unfavourable
 Poor
 Not
working conditions
public participation
cost effective long-term
 Costs
continue to increase annually
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The Current Situation Is Not A Solution!
So do we follow the long and winding
road trying a multitude of options?
OR
Do we go straight to the solution?
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SO WHAT IS THE
SOLUTION?
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SOLUTION
 Split
waste into different groups –

Domestic – Dry and Wet

Builders rubble, tyres
and batteries

Organics

Fluorescent and Energy
bulbs (hazardous
waste) – no solution yet
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Environmental Business Park
 Domestic
= Keep it
local
 Split
into small areas

Household Waste

Organics (Composting)

Builder’s Rubble etc
 As
many MRF’s (of
different sizes) as
needed in an area
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City/Town
Waste
Organics
Current
X
Builder’s
Rubble
Landfill Site
Household
Waste
Canteen & Shop
“Dry + Wet”
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Source
Household refuse sorted into
“Dry” and “Wet” bags ...
End use
... which are placed on the
pavement for collection.
Refuse trucks collect the sorted “Dry”
and “Wet” bags and take them to a ...
...recycling factory to be processed into
original raw materials and then new goods.
Household
Waste
... MRF or sorting factory ...
... instead of a landfill.
... bulk transported to a ...
... baled and ...
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The “Dry” bag materials are sorted
into paper, plastic, glass and tins,
which are then ...
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Source
… collected by refuse
trucks and
End use
“Wet” Household
refuse
truck, bakkie, trailer etc, and taken to...
Organics
(Composting)
... the composting site
where it is stockpiled.
Compost is then sold in bulk or
bagged and sold
Mobile Drum Screen used to
produce compost or lawn dressing.
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The heaped material is milled
by a Milling machine and
processed.
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Delivery of building rubble by
truck, ...
... to building rubble site.
Rubble is screened according to size.
Builders
Rubble
Low cost housing
The oversized material is crushed by a
crusher ...
The -8 mm is used to make building bricks
and pavers.
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into -8 to -19mm aggregate which is
suitable for making bricks, concrete, G5.
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Required Plant Quantities
 MRF’s
 R20m
 Wet
required @ 100 tonnes per day = 62
per MRF = R1.24 billion for 62 sites
70% @ 80,000 m3 per year per site = 19 sites
 Clean
Green = 12 sites
 R10m
worth of machines x 31 = R310 million
* (Based on free sites)
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Potential Waste Management Table
Other
8%
Organics /
Wet
40%
Tin
6%
Jobs
(Hundreds)
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Glass
9%
+80% Recycled
(Markets)
Paper
30%
Plastic
7%
No Landfill
(Almost)
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Benefits Of A MRF
 Local
 Waste
transport savings
 Smaller trucks used (cheaper)
 Transport of bags (wet / dry) requires less
trucks
 LOTS of jobs in the factory
 ± 80 / 90% of waste gets recycled
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Income Generating Waste
Domestic Dry Waste –
 Paper
– HL1, Flat News, K4, Common mix
 Plastics
– 7 out of 19
polymers are recyclable
 Glass
– White, Green,
Brown
 Tin
– Metal Fe, Alumin, A1
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Domestic Wet Waste –
 Household
 Garden
wet waste –
waste –
Goes to Composting sites
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How Do We Get Started?
 Councils
are informed and educated
 Parties must want to participate
 Involve Waste Management staff
 Identify suitable sites
 Evaluate costs and set budgets
 Issue, then award tenders
 Start construction
 Educate the public
 Implement the new system
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Create Awareness
 Educate
the public
 Target areas Schools
 Malls
 Municipal
areas
 Billboard
advertising
 TV and Movie advertisements
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What Has Been Done So Far?
 Polokwane
Declaration on
Waste Management signed
September 2001 ….
 Numerous discussions on laws,
standards, regulations, etc ….
 No sustainable methods agreed
upon.
– no visible action
– nothing finalised
DEA now requires a definite plan!
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Overseas Success Stories
USA
 Aim was to reduce the waste stream by 50 % by the year 2000
 Recycling and composting grew phenomenally
 Today there are more composting sites than landfill (dump) sites

San Francisco already 78% of the way to Zero Waste!
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SWEDEN
 Has run out of waste - everything is recycled
EUROPE – Highest Recycling Rates (2010)
Austria – 63%
Belgium – 58%
Germany – 62%
Netherlands – 51%
Switzerland – 51%
We should not try and reinvent the wheel.
Rather
Learn from others and Save millions of Rands
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Why Agree To Total Recycling?
 Urgent
need to start now
(landfill sites only viable for another 7 years)
 Set
a trend for South Africa and the rest of
Africa
 Create
community benefits
 There
is no alternative if Zero Waste is the
ultimate goal
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NB
 Total
Recycling is NOT sustainable on it’s own.
If it was, it would have been done years ago.
 Financial
assistance from Government /
Provincial for Municipal set-up costs is essential.
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Are We Serious About Zero Waste?
Gauteng cannot afford to delay it any longer!
What approach are we going to take?

Ostrich Approach (do
nothing until there is a
crisis)?
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
Be All Talk – and still do
nothing?
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Do as our Great Leaders say …
Nelson Mandela
“It is in your hands to make
a difference!”
Gandhi
“Be the change!”
You Decide!
“May God bless Gauteng and all it’s people. Amen”
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John des Ligneris
Cell: 083-601-2900
E-mail: [email protected]
P O Box 346, RIVER CLUB, 2149
Graphic Design by:-
Cell: 083-367-3002
© Recycling Projects 2013
E-mail: [email protected]
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