STATES/PHASES OF MATTER
AND PHASE/STATE CHANGES
SOLIDS
• SOLID
• Definite shape**-shape does not change when moved
from place to place
• Definite volume**-amount of space it takes up does
not change when moved from place to place
• Particles move in place and are tightly packed
**KEY DEFINING CHARACTERISTICS
TYPES OF SOLIDS
• 2 types of SOLIDS
• Crystalline-pattern of
particle
arrangement-very
structured
• Amorphous-random
particle
arrangement-very
loose
LIQUIDS
• LIQUID
• No definite shape**-takes shape of container
• Definite volume**-amount of space it takes up does not
change when moved from place to place
• Particles move a little more freely
**KEY DEFINING CHARACTERISTICS
LIQUIDS
• Special Properties
• Viscosity- (this can be used to describe gases too)
• How well a substance flows
• High viscosity=flows slowly and resists movement (honey,
molasses, etc…)
• Low viscosity=flows quickly and moves well (water, alcohol,
some oils)
• Surface Tension (this gives us a meniscus when
measuring)
• How the particles at the top of a liquid act due to uneven
forces on them from other particles, gravity, etc…
• Creates a “surface”-this is how liquids are able to layer on
each other (oil and vinegar)
GASES
• GAS
• No definite shape**-takes shape of container**
• No definite volume**-fills the space of the container**
• Particles move fast and furiously
**KEY DEFINING CHARACTERISTICS
KINETIC MOLECULAR THEORY (KMT)
The way the particles move in all states
of matter.
Also how they move during a phase
change.
PHASES/STATES OF MATTER
Energy is added; particles speed up and move farther apart
Energy is removed; particles slow down and move closer together
SOLID TO LIQUID AND BACK
AGAIN (PHASE CHANGES)
• Melting:
• Goes from solid
to liquid
• Particles speed
up and move
farther apart
• Energy is added
• Freezing:
• Goes from liquid to
solid
• Particles slow down
and move closer
together
• Energy is removed
LIQUID TO GAS AND BACK
AGAIN (PHASE CHANGES)
• Evaporation:
• Goes from liquid
to a gas
• Particles speed
up and move
farther apart
• Energy is added
• Condensation:
• Goes from gas to a
liquid
• Particles slow down
and move closer
together
• Energy is removed
SOLID TO GAS AND BACK
AGAIN (PHASE CHANGES)
• Sublimation:
• Goes from solid
DIRECTLY to a gas
• Particles speed
up very quickly
and move farther
apart
• Energy is added
• Deposition
• Goes from a gas
DIRECTLY to a
solid
• Particles slow
down and move
closer together
• Energy is
removed