Unit 6 Packet
c. 1900 – Present
NAME : _______________________________________________
Note: Keep this packet until the end of the year so you can study it!
1
Timeline
Dates
1914
1915
Event
 Assassination of Franz Ferdinand, start of WWI
 end of Ottoman Empire; creation of secular republic of Turkey
1917
 Russian Revolutions: Romanov Dynasty ended, USSR created
under Lenin
 Influenza epidemic
 Treaty of Versailles ends WWI
 League of Nations created
 Stock market crash, start of US Great Depression
 Global economic depression
 Japan invades Manchuria
 Japan invades China
 Non-Aggression Pact signed
 German blitzkrieg in Poland
 Japan bombs Pearl Harbor, US enters WWII
 Axis Powers surrender, end of WWII
 Start of Cold War
 Partition of India and Pakistan
 Arab-Israel conflict & creation of Israel as nation-state
 Chinese Communist Revolution
 Korean War, division of Korean peninsula
 De-Stalinization of USSR
 Launch of Sputnik
 Ghana first African country to gain independence
 Cuban Revolution
 Cuban Missile Crisis
 Cambodian Genocide
 Tiananmen Square protests
 Namibia gains independence
 Soviet Union dissolves
 First Persian Gulf War
 NAFTA formed
 Rwandan Genocide
 First open-race elections in South Africa
 European Union (EU) formed
 World Trade Center attacks
 US invasion of Iraq
1918-1919
1929
1931
1937
1939
1941
1945
1947
1948
1949
1950 – 1953
1956
1957
1959
1962
1975 – 1979
1989
1990
1991
1994
1999
2001
2003
Location(s)
Austria-Hungary
Eastern
Europe/Turkey
Russia
US
Eastern Asia
Japan
Europe
Poland
Hawaii/US
Europe
India/Pakistan
Middle East
China
Koreas
USSR
USSR
Africa
Cuba
Cuba/US
Cambodia
China
Namibia
Soviet Union/Russia
Middle East
Canada, US, Mexico
Rwanda
South Africa
Europe
New York City
Iraq (Middle East)
Note: These are not the only major events to know!
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Key Concept 6.1 Science and the Environment
I.
Researchers made rapid advances in science that spread throughout the world, assisted by the
development of new technology.
A. New modes of communication and transportation reduced the problem of geographic distance.
B. The Green Revolution produced food for the earth’s growing population as it spread chemically and genetically
enhanced forms of agriculture.
Define Green Revolution: ______________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________________
Examples of practices or inventions that enhanced agriculture:
1) chemical fertilizers, pesticides, herbicides
2) advanced irrigation/land management
3) seed hybridization/genetically-modified organisms
Choose one of the examples listed above in order to complete the chart below. Be sure to identify which example
you chose:
# ______
How has this practice/invention been beneficial?
How can this practice/invention be harmful?
C. Medical innovations increased the ability of humans to survive and live longer lives. Examples include the Polio
vaccine, antibiotics, and the artificial heart.
Which innovation do you think has had a greater impact: antibiotics or the artificial heart? Choose a side and
explain your reasoning. ________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________________
D. Energy technologies including the use of petroleum and nuclear power raised productivity and increased the
production of material goods.
Name one downside to using petroleum and/or nuclear power: _________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________________
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II.
During the period of unprecedented global population expansion, humans fundamentally changed their
relationship with the environment.
A. As human activity contributed to deforestation, desertification, and increased consumption of the world’s supply
of fresh water and clean air, humans competed over these and other resources more intensely than before.
Term
Definition
Act of mass clearing of trees
Deforestation
Desertification
Give a specific example where it
happened/is happening
“process by which fertile land becomes
desert, typically as a result of drought,
deforestation, or inappropriate
agriculture”
B. The release of greenhouse gases and other pollutants into the atmosphere contributed to debates about nature and
causes of climate change.
III.
Disease, scientific innovations, and conflict led to demographic shifts.
A. Diseases – such as malaria, tuberculosis, and cholera – associated with poverty persisted.
Explain how poverty is related to the existence/spread of diseases: ______________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________________
There were also new diseases that emerged that were a threat to human survival.
Where was the disease outbreak located?
1918 Influenza pandemic
HIV/AIDS
Ebola
In addition, changing lifestyles and increased longevity led to a higher incidence of certain diseases.
What does the above statement mean? ____________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________________
B. More effective forms of birth control gave women greater control over fertility and transformed sexual practices.
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C. Improved military technology and new tactics led to increased levels of wartime casualties.
How was this military technology used to improve warfare?
Tanks were used to scale difficult terrain and added protection to soldiers who
Tanks
ventured into enemy territory. They were also armed with heavy weaponry and
could be used to kill the enemy or destroy the surroundings.
Airplanes
Atomic Bomb
Define/explain what this military tactic involves AND when it was used
Trench
Warfare
Firebombing
Intended to damage an area using fire-starting agents instead of just dropping
bombs. This started during World War I, but was more commonly used in World
War II.
Date
Nanjing
(Nanking)
Death
Toll/Casualties
Give a brief overview of what happened
1937
Allied forces firebombed this German city even
Dresden
1945
About 25,000 –
35,000
though there was little/no military base there.
The goal was to hurt the German economy and
morale by targeting civilians.
Hiroshima
1945
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Key Concept 6.2 Global Conflicts and Their Consequences
I.
Europe dominated the global political order at the beginning of the 20th century, but both land-based
and transoceanic empires gave way to new states by the century’s end.
A. The older, land-based Ottoman, Russian, and Qing empires collapsed due to a combination of internal and
external factors.
Identify at least one reason that led to the collapse of these governments:
Ottoman
Empire
Russian
Empire
Qing
Dynasty in
China
B. Some colonies negotiated their independence such as India from the British Empire and French West Africa.
C. Some colonies achieved independence through armed struggle such as Algeria and Vietnam from the French
Empire and Angola from the Portuguese Empire.
II.
Emerging ideologies of anti-imperialism contributed to the dissolution of empires and the restructuring
of states.
A. Nationalist leaders and parties in Asia and Africa challenged imperial rule.
Location
How did the group/person challenge imperial rule?
Indian National
Congress
Kwame
Nkrumah
B. Regional, religious, and ethnic movements challenged both colonial rule and inherited imperial boundaries.
Who was Muhammad Ali Jinnah and why is he significant? ___________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________________
C. Transnational movements sought to unite people across national boundaries.
What methods did one or both of the movements use to try to unite people?
Pan-Arabism
and
Pan-Africanism
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D. Movements to redistribute land and resources developed within states in Africa, Asia, and Latin America,
sometimes advocating communism and socialism.
III.
Political changes were accompanied by major demographic and social consequences.
A. The redrawing of old colonial boundaries led to population displacement and resettlements.
What was the Partition of India and Pakistan? ______________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________________
B. The migration of former colonial subjects to imperial metropoles (the former colonizing country, usually major
cities) maintained cultural and economic ties between the colony and metropole even after the dissolution of
empires. Examples include South Asians moving to Britain, Algerians moving to France, and Filipinos moving to
the US.
C. The proliferation of conflicts led to the Holocaust during World War II and other forms of genocide or ethnic
violence. Choose one of the following examples to complete the chart below: Armenians in Turkey during/after
WWI, Cambodia during 1970s, Tutsi in Rwanda in 1990s
Date (years):
Location:
Perpetrators:
Victims:
Causes:
Outcomes:
IV.
Military conflicts occurred on an unprecedented scale.
A. Define Total War: ____________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________________
Explain why World War I can be considered a turning point in world history:
__________________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________________
Would you consider the World Wars to be total wars? Explain your reasoning. ____________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________________
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Explain how each ideology obligated their peoples to mobilize/organize and wage war during the World Wars.
Ideology
How do these ideologies encourage the need for warfare?
Fascism
Nationalism
Communism
Communism has a large emphasis on farming, which means there’s a great need
for land to cultivate food. Therefore, communists feel the need to take land from
others in order to meet this demand.
In addition to employing certain ideologies, governments also used various strategies like speeches and art to
intensify nationalism.
Nation:
Nation:
Type of Media:
Type of Media:
Audience:
Audience:
Nation:
Type of Media:
Audience:
Define propaganda: _________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________________
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B. The sources of global conflict in the first half of the century varied and included imperialist expansion by
European powers and Japan, competition for resources, and the economic crisis engendered by the Great
Depression.
C. The global balance of economic power shifted after the end of WWII and rapidly evolved into the Cold War. The
US and Soviet Union emerged as superpowers, which led to ideological struggles between capitalism and
communism throughout the globe.
Color the map below based on which countries supported the US and capitalism during the Cold War and which
countries supported the Soviet Union and communism. (This means you’ll need 2 colors or 2 symbols!)
D. The Cold War produced new military alliances, including NATO and the Warsaw Pact, and promoted proxy wars
in Latin America, Africa, and Asia.
Define/explain each alliance
NATO
Warsaw Pact
What is a proxy war? __________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________________
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Although conflict dominated much of the 20th century, many individuals and groups –including states –
opposed this trend. Some individuals and groups, however, intensified these conflicts.
V.
A. Groups and individuals challenged the many wars of the century, and some promoted the practice of nonviolence
as a way to bring about political change.
Identify/Label
Date (year)
1937
What is this piece’s goal or purpose?
Identify/Label
The Burning Monk
Date (year)
1963
What were they protesting against?
South Vietnams’ Pro-Catholic policies and
anti-Buddhist laws
How does the event represent a challenge to war?
This monk sacrificed his life instead of
provoking fighting/violence between
groups.
Individual
Individual
Date (year)
1869 – 1948
What was he protesting
against?
Date (year)
1918 – 2013
What was he protesting against?
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B. Groups and individuals opposed and promoted alternatives to the existing economic, political, and social orders.
What was the cause of each of the movements/protests? What were the goals?
Non-Aligned
Movement
Made up of 120 countries who do not want to be friends or enemies with
major groups of countries; these countries wish to remain neutral.
Anti-Apartheid
Movement in South
Africa
Tiananmen Square
Protests
C. Militaries and militarized states often responded to the proliferation of conflicts in ways that further intensified
conflict.
Define military dictatorship: ____________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________________
D. More movements used violence against civilians to achieve political aims by identifying TWO groups, explaining
their methods of violence, and the outcomes of such violence.
Date (years):
Location:
Group Name:
Motivations:
Irish Republican Army (IRA)
Methods:
Outcomes:
Date (years):
Location:
Group Name:
Motivations:
Al-Qaeda
Methods:
Outcomes:
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Key Concept 6.3 New Conceptualizations of Global Economy, Society, and Culture
States responded in a variety of ways to the economic challenges of the 20th century.
I.
A. In the communist states of the Soviet Union and China, governments controlled their national economies.
Complete the chart below about these examples of communist governments controlling their economies:
Five Year Plans
Great Leap Forward
Location
Dates
There were a series of 13 plans,
lasting in 5 year increments from
1958 – 1962
1928 – 1991
Explain its
purpose
B. At the beginning of the 20th century in the United States and parts of Europe, governments played a minimal role
in their national economies. With the onset of the Great Depression, however, governments began to take a more
active role in economic life.
Complete the chart below about an example of a government taking a more active role in economics.
New Deal
Location
Dates
1933 – 1939/41
What were
some things
the New Deal
did to help
improve the
economy?
C. In newly independent states after World War II, governments often took on a strong role in guiding economic life
to promote development.
Country
Person in
charge
What did he
do?
Nasser
Nasser promoted economic development, modernization reforms, Arab unity,
and breaking down the practice and effects of imperialism.
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D. In a trend accelerated by the end of the Cold War, many governments encouraged free market economic policies
and promoted economic liberalization in the late 20th century.
Country
United States
Who led these reforms and policies?
Britain
(Options for people who led the
reforms: Deng Xiaoping, Ronald
Reagan, Pinochet, Margaret
Thatcher)
China
Chile
II.
States, communities, and individuals became increasingly interdependent, a process facilitated by the
growth of institutions of global governance.
A. New international organizations formed to maintain world peace and to facilitate international cooperation.
What year was
this created?
What’s the goal or purpose of this organization?
League of Nations
United Nations (UN)
International
Criminal Court
2002
“to ensure that crimes against humanity and mass
atrocities do not occur with impunity”
B. Changing economic institutions and regional trade agreements reflected the spread of principles and practices
associated with free market economics throughout the world.
List at least 1 thing that this institution promotes and/or does to encourage a free market.
International Monetary
Fund (IMF)
The IMF lends money to any qualifying country in order to promote
economic growth, investment, and a steady supply of jobs.
North American Free
Trade Agreement
(NAFTA)
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C. Movements throughout the world protested the inequality of environmental and economic consequences of global
integration. Choose one of the following examples and explain what it is trying to accomplish:
Greenpeace, Green Belt Movement in Kenya, or Earth Day.
__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
III.
People conceptualized society and culture in new ways; rights-based discourses challenged old
assumptions about race, class, gender, and religion. In much of the world, access to education, as we as
participation in new political and professional roles, became more inclusive in terms of race, class, and
gender.
Examples of this include the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, global feminism movements, the US
Civil Rights Act of 1965, the end of apartheid, and the breakdown of the caste system in India.
IV.
Popular and consumer culture became more global.
How are the Olympics and/or World Cup soccer examples of global culture? ____________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________________
Key Vocabulary
Adolf Hitler
Allied Powers
Mustafa Kemal Ataturk
Bolsheviks
Central powers
Chiang Kai-Shek
Fascism
Great Depression
Great War (World War I)
League of Nations
Mass consumption
Mass culture
Benito Mussolini
Nazis
New Deal
Nonviolent Resistance
Joseph Stalin
Mohandas Gandhi
Apartheid
Arab-Israeli War
Axis Powers
Berlin Wall
Fidel Castro
Civil Rights Movement
Cold War
Decolonization
First World
Holocaust
Martin Luther King Jr.
Korean War
Mao Zedong
Neocolonialism
Zionism
AIDS
Developing world
European Union
Feminist movements
Globalization
Global warming
International Monetary Fund
Ayatollah Khomeini
Nelson Mandela
Nongovernmental organizations
Silicon Valley
Supranational organizations
Tiananmen Square protests
Truth commissions
World Bank
Al Qaeda
North Atlantic Treaty Organization
Prague Spring
Second World
Sexual Revolution
Superpowers (talking about countries, not heroes!)
Third World
Vietnam War
Warsaw Pact
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