No Sweat Literacy Strategies
Nicole Hochholzer
June 2016
#84
PG page 7
Teaching
1. Build effective instruction based on
rigorous and relevant expectations.
2. Possess and continue to develop content
area knowledge and make it relevant to
the learner.
3. Create and implement an effective learner
environment that is engaging and aligned
to learner needs.
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PG page 7
Teaching
4. Plan and provide learning experiences
using effective research-based strategies
that are embedded with best practices,
including the use of technology.
5. Use assessment and data to guide and
scaffold instruction.
6. Further content and instructional
knowledge through continuous
professional learning that is both
enriching and collaborative.
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gor/Relevance Framework
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Why do we all have to care about literacy?
"Adolescents entering the adult world in
the 21st century will read and write more
than at any other time in human history.
They will need advanced levels of literacy
to perform their jobs, run their
households, act as citizens, and conduct
their personal lives." -- Richard Vaca,
author of Content Area Reading: Literacy
and Learning Across the Curriculum
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The Increasing Specialization of
Literacy Development
Shanahan & Shanahan (2008)
Disciplinary
Literacy
Intermediate
Literacy
Basic Literacy
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The Increasing Specialization of
Literacy Development
S.S.
Science
Tech Ed.
L. Arts
Math
Buehl (2010)
Intermediate
Literacy
Basic Literacy
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Disciplinary Literacy
“Wait a minute. I teach ___________.
It’s not my job to teach reading. They
learned that in grade school.”
We STILL hear this – what’s wrong with
this statement?
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What’s wrong is…
• Maybe they DIDN’T learn it in grade school.
• Maybe they read just fine in grade school
but can’t keep up with demands of
secondary reading.
• Maybe they SOUND like they can read, but
they can’t comprehend what they read.
• Maybe they read just fine, but struggle with
the academic vocabulary of their classes.
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The Batsmen
The Batsmen were merciless against the Bowlers. The
Bowlers placed their men in slips and covers. But to no
avail. The Batsmen hit one four after another along with an
occasional six. Not once did their balls hit their stumps or
get caught.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Who were merciless against the Bowlers?
Where did the Bowlers place their men?
Was this strategy successful?
Who hit an occasional six?
How many times did the Batsmen’s balls hit a stump?
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Informational Text
• 70% of all text students read in
high school should be
informational…
• …but that doesn’t mean 70% is in
ELA classrooms!!!
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Easy Strategies
• Rock Around the Clock
• Deluxe Reading Tour
• TFCN/SWBS
• Minute Paper
• RAFT
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Black Gold: The Story of Oil in Our
Lives by Albert Marrin
•History
•Economics
•Science
•Tech Ed
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Crude Oil and Natural Gas
The story of crude oil and natural gas is one of waste,
not by humans but by Mother Nature. These fossil fuels
eventually rise to the earth’s surface. Natural gas then
escapes into the air and disappears. Crude oil collects in
seeps, or pools, where it leaks onto the ground or into
the water. Only 2 percent of “oil spills” in the oceans are
from damaged tanker ships; the other 98 percent are
from natural seeps. Oil may also trickle down the face of
cliffs or ooze through cracks in rocks – thus the name
“petroleum” from the Latin for “rock oil” or “oil from the
earth.” Once exposed to air, most of it evaporates or is
broken down by bacteria.
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Rock Around the Clock
Main Idea
Key Words and Meanings
Important Points
Ah-ha’s (Insights)
Unanswered Questions
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Rock Around the Clock
Main Idea
Mother Nature “wastes” a lot of crude
oil and natural gas.
Key Words and Meanings
Seep
Petroleum
Important Points
•Fossil fuels rise to the surface, natural gas then escapes and disappears
•Oil collects in seeps (pools) where it leaks into ground or water
•Petroleum is Latin for “rock oil”
•Most oil evaporates or is broken down by bacteria when exposed to air
Ah-ha’s (Insights)
Only 2 percent of oil spills are caused
by tanker ships
Unanswered Questions
Why don’t we hear about these “spills”
like we hear about the tanker spills?
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Rock Around the Clock
Main Idea
A school in Ohio is not allowing its 60
seniors to participate in
graduation because some of them
cheated.
Key Words and Meanings
“Separate wheat from the chaff”
Perpetrator
Important Points
•A student accessed shared filed folders on a teacher’s computer
•Happened in Senior World Studies
•Diplomas will be mailed to students
•Parents are holding a ceremony off-site in a park
Ah-ha’s (Insights)
Interesting that parents are holding
their own ceremony in a park – isn’t
that supporting cheating?
Unanswered Questions
The school has 400 kids but only
60 seniors?
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Rock Around the Clock
• Quick, easy alternative to a study guide or
questions at the end of a reading.
• There’s not a right or wrong answer.
• Gives students an opportunity to process
their reading and have a guide for
discussion.
• This can be a strategy that all teachers can
implement and use regardless of discipline.
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Deluxe Reading Tour
Title of the Reading:
MY Title for the Reading:
Key Quote: (One of the most important statements of the reading)
Why I Chose this Quote: (reasons and evidence to support my choice)
Brief Casual Summary: (the main idea expressed in my own words)
Graphic Representation: (illustration or clip art that conveys theme)
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Deluxe Reading Tour
Title of the Reading: Crude Oil and Natural Gas
MY Title for the Reading: Nature’s Oil Spills
Key Quote: (One of the most important statements of the reading)
Only two percent of oil spills are due to damaged tanker spills.
Why I Chose this Quote: (reasons and evidence to support my choice)
This surprised me – I thought tanker spills were a bigger percentage.
Brief Casual Summary: (the main idea expressed in my own words)
Mother Nature wastes a lot of crude oil and natural gas when the fossil fuels
Rise to the Earth’s surface. It collects in seeps, or pools, and then leaks into
The ground or water. Most exposed oil evaporates or bacteria breaks it down.
Graphic Representation: (illustration or clip art that conveys theme)
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Deluxe Reading Tour
Title of the Reading: School Cancels Graduation for Cheaters
MY Title for the Reading: They Don’t Get to Walk the Walk
Key Quote: (One of the most important statements of the reading)
One student who used the test still failed.
Why I Chose this Quote: (reasons and evidence to support my choice)
If you don’t know the material, you can still do really badly even if you cheat.
Brief Casual Summary: (the main idea expressed in my own words)
A high school with 60 seniors cancelled graduation because so many of the
kids cheated. One student stole files off teachers’ computers so kids had
access to the tests. So many cheated, or knew about the cheating, that the
district cancelled, so parents are having their own ceremony in a park.
Graphic Representation: (illustration or clip art that conveys theme)
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TFCN
•T – Topic
•F – Two Fascinating Facts
•C – Connection(s) Made
•N – New Understanding
*Then write a summary
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TFCN
•T – Crude Oil and Natural Gas
•F – Only 2% of oil spills in the
ocean are from tankers. Petroleum
comes from the Latin word for “rock
oil”.
•C – I heard about this in Mexico.
•N – Maybe studying this can help
with tanker oil spills.
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Summary…
After reading about crude oil and natural gas,
I learned that only 2% of oil spills in the
ocean are from damaged tanker ships. I
also learned that that the word petroleum
comes from the Latin word for “rock oil”. I
remember hearing about this occurrence on
a trip to Mexico last year. Maybe by studying
these oil seeps, scientists can better deal
with tanker oil spills.
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TFCN
• T – Cheating causes graduation cancellation
• F – So many students cheated that the staff
couldn’t determine who cheated and who
hadn’t. Angry parents are holding their own
ceremony in a nearby park.
• C – We had kids cheating in English class
and they got zeros on their papers.
• N – Some, or even one student’s cheating,
can affect lots of other people.
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Summary
Widespread cheating caused a high school to
cancel graduation for its 60 seniors. So many
kids cheated that they staff couldn’t figure out
who cheated and who hadn’t. Some parents
were angry about the decision, so they are
holding an alternate ceremony at a nearby
park. We had a cheating issue in English
class and some kids got zeros on their
papers. This made me realize that the actions
of a few people could affect many others.
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Somebody Wanted But So…
This is an excellent summarizing
strategy for fiction – it can be used with
a short story, a novel, a chapter, or
even with narrative informational text.
Variation: Somebody Wanted But So…
…Then… (give away the ending!)
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SWBS – The Great Gatsby
• Somebody – Jay Gatbsy
• Wanted – to win back Daisy Buchanan
• But – she had married Tom Buchanan while
Gatsby was away during the war
• So – he built a house across the water from
her to impress her and win her back
• Then…
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SWBS – The Necklace
• Somebody – Madame Loisel
• Wanted – to go to the Minister’s party and
borrowed a necklace from her friend
• But – she lost the necklace
• So – she worked for ten years to work off
the cost of the necklace
• Then…
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SWBS – The Fault in our Stars
• Somebody – Hazel Grace Lancaster
• Wanted – to know what happened to the
characters in her favorite novel, An Imperial
Affliction
• But – the author was rude to her and
Augustus when they visited him in
Amsterdam
• So – they leave his house, disappointed
• Then…
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Minute Paper
1. Discuss the Minute Paper chart and questions
and tell students to focus on these questions
as they read. Do NOT record responses as
they read – need full context of reading.
2. Students read text silently (or with partners
depending on reading levels).
3. With discussion partners, discuss the reading
and their answers to the Minute Paper
questions.
4. Write the Minute Paper, taking no more than a
minute or two.
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Source: ICLE Strategic Reading Kit
Minute Paper tips
You might want to review papers
immediately to correct any wrong
responses, providing just-in-time
remediation.
Use the “Unanswered Questions” as an
opportunity to reteach concepts or
content.
Use correct responses to “Ah-ha’s” for
discussion.
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Strategy: Minute Paper
Significant Points
Unanswered
Questions
Ah-ha’s for
Application
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Strategy: Minute Paper
Significant
Points
•Only 2
•
percent of oil
spills are from
damaged
tanker ships!
•Oil oozes
through
cracks in
rocks and
runs down
cliffs.
Unanswered
Questions
Is there a
way we
could be
collecting
any of this
“wasted
oil” that
oozes and
use it?
Ah-ha’s for
Application
•Scientists
might be able
to use the
information
about the 98
percent of oil
“waste” to
better clean
up after the 2
percent of
tanker spills.
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Strategy: Minute Paper
Significant
Points
Unanswered
Questions
Ah-ha’s for
Application
So many kids
cheated in a
high school
that the
school
cancelled
graduation.
Why are
there only 60
seniors if
there are 400
kids in the
school?
They got
caught b/c a
kid got file
folders off
teachers’
computers.
Did kids feel
pressure to
keep their
“excellent”
rating, and
cheated?
I think this is a
good example
of what can
happen when
kids get
desperate.
Not that it’s
ok, but kids do
dumb things
when they get
scared.
Maybe their
brains aren’t
developed
enough.
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RAFT
•Role
•Audience
•Format
•Topic
Great strategy to practice writing
for an audience and vary
formats.
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RAFT – Crude Oil and Natural Gas
• Role – Environmentalist
• Audience – The National Science
Foundation
• Format – a request for funding
• Topic – explain the importance of
funding research to study
phytoplankton communities in
Mexico
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RAFT –
• Role – Principal
• Audience – the general public
• Format – letter to the editor
• Topic – explain your decision to
cancel graduation in light of the
cheating incident at your school
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Paper vs. Online?
• Easy to do these strategies on paper –
either create a graphic organizer, or simply
have students use their notebooks.
• Have computers? You can do the same
online – either create the graphic organizer
yourself and share in Moodle, Google
Classroom, etc., or have students share
with you on their own.
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3 W’s Closure Strategy
WHAT did you learn
today?
SO WHAT? (relevance and
usefuless of what you’ve
learned)
NOW WHAT? (how does
this fit into what we’re
learning and how does it
affect our thinking?)
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Please Provide Session Feedback
Pick One:
• Paper (2 in bag)
• MSC App
• QR Code
• http://tinyurl.com/MSC16eval
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Session Handouts
www.modelschoolsconference.com
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Nicole Hochholzer
[email protected]
920-428-4231