How Household Surveys
Influence Policy Decision
Making
Carmelita N. Ericta
Administrator,
National Statistics Office
1
Topics
I. Framework for Policy Analysis
II. Sources Of Data
III. NSO HH Surveys as Source of Data
IV. Recommendations
2
Policy Analysis Framework
Problem ID
Use of
Services &
Facilities
Environment
Allocate
Resources
Services &
Facilities
15 December 2005
(Presented to UPLB students of SOC 140)
3
Sources of Data
 Censuses
 Surveys
 Administrative Reporting Systems
4
Sources of Data
Problem ID
Use of
Services &
Facilities
15 December 2005
Censuses
and
Surveys
Allocate
Resources
Environment
Administrative
Reporting
Systems
Services &
Facilities
(Presented to UPLB students of SOC 140)
5
In problem identification, statistics
help to answer such questions as







What is the problem?
Who are affected by the problem?
How many are they?
Where are they?
Why do they have the problem?
Do they have access to services and facilities?
Do they use available services and facilities?
15 December 2005
(Presented to UPLB students of SOC 140)
6
In problem identification, use





Census data
Survey data
Data from administrative reporting systems
Combination of census and survey data
Combination of data from two or more
surveys
 Combination of data from surveys and
administrative reporting systems
15 December 2005
(Presented to UPLB students of SOC 140)
7
Data on Censuses
 Internal Revenue Allocation
 Creation/Conversion/Splitting/Merging of
LGUs
 Definition of Congressional districts
 Allocation of Services (e.g., schools,
hospitals, police)
 Housing Programs
8
 Comprehensive and accurate data on areas of
concern such as population, employment,
housing, education, health, poverty, are
essential in the formulation of policies and
plans, evaluation of programs, and
rationalization of budget.
9
Commonwealth Act 591
 Mandated NSO to “conduct by
enumeration, sampling or other
methods, for statistical purposes,
studies of the social and economic
situations of the country.
10
III. NSO HH Surveys as Source of Data
Regular HH Surveys:
– Labor Force Survey – quarterly
– Survey on Overseas Filipinos – annual
– Family Income and Expenditure Survey –3
years
– Annual Poverty Indicator Survey – between
FIES years
– National Demographic and Health Survey – 5
years
11
III. NSO HH Surveys as Source of Data
HH Surveys in partnership with other agencies
– Functional Literacy, Education and Mass
Media Survey – 2008
– Household Energy Consumption Survey –
2011
– Household Survey on Domestic Visitors –
2010
– Family Health Survey - 2011
– Global Adult Tobacco Survey – 2009
– Survey on Children - 2011
12
III. NSO HH Surveys as Source of Data
Availability of Survey Results:
– QuickStats
– Press releases
– Special releases
– Formal publications
– Public Use Files
13
III. NSO HH Surveys as Source of Data
Availability of Survey Results:
– Printed publications
– Electronic publications
– Website
– Public Use Files
14
III. NSO HH Surveys as Source of Data
Household surveys need a lot of
resources.
But they are worth the expense.
FIES – PhP 150 million
– Used for taxation, monetary policy, poverty
alleviation, wage-setting, and other
policies.
– Used by the private sector for market
research.
15
Data users and producers need to
work together.
Data User
 Knows what the policy
concerns are
 Need guidance on
available data
 May or may not need
guidance on statistical
analysis
15 December 2005
Data Producer
 Knows what and how
statistics can be made
available
 Need guidance on priority
data needs
 Can provide guidance on
statistical analysis
(Presented to UPLB students of SOC 140)
16
IV. Recommendations
Close coordination between data users and
data producers
Allocate adequate amounts for problem
identification, monitoring and evaluation
17
www.census.gov.ph
Thank You!
18
III. NSO Surveys as Source of Social Indicators
 Labor Force Survey (LFS)
• designed to provide statistics on levels and
trends of employment, unemployment and
underemployment for the country
• Quarterly Survey (January, April, July, and
October)
19
III. NSO Surveys as Source of Social Indicators

Survey on Overseas Filipinos (SOF)
•
to provide data on overseas Filipinos particularly the
overseas contract workers and their contribution to the
economy
•
to obtain national estimates on the number of overseas
Filipinos including overseas workers, and their socioeconomic characteristics
•
to provide estimates on the amount of remittances in
cash and in kind received by the families and the mode
of remittance
20
III. NSO Surveys as Source of Social Indicators

Survey on Overseas Filipinos (SOF)
Major Indicators
Distribution of Overseas Filipino Workers by
•
Sex and Region
•
Place of work
•
Cash remittance
•
Major occupation
21
III. NSO Surveys as Source of Social Indicators
 Family Income and Expenditure Survey (FIES)
• nationwide survey of households undertaken
together with the Labor Force Survey in July and
January of FIES years
• Two-phase survey (first visit conducted
last July 2009; second visit in January 2010)
22
III. NSO Surveys as Source of Social Indicators

FIES Objectives
• to gather data on family income and family
living expenditures and related information
affecting income and expenditure levels and
patterns in the Philippines;
• to determine degree of income inequality
among families;
• to provide benchmark information to update
weights in the estimation of consumer price
index.
23
III. NSO Surveys as Source of Social Indicators

FIES Objectives
• to provide information for the estimation of the
country's poverty threshold and incidence.
• to provide information for the estimation of
household account in the System of National
Accounts and balances
24
III. NSO Surveys as Source of Social Indicators

Family Income and Expenditure Survey (FIES)
Major Indicators
•
Total Family Income
•
Average Family Income
•
Total Family Expenditures
•
Average Expenditures
•
Total Family Savings
•
Average Family Savings
•
Poverty Incidence
•
Average Per Capita Income
25
III. NSO Surveys as Source of Social Indicators

Annual Poverty Indicators Survey (APIS)
• APIS is a sample survey designed to
provide information on the different nonincome indicators related to poverty.
• used like FIES in the measurement of
human development index and in the
System of National Account.
• module on social protection is included in
the 2011 APIS
26
III. NSO Surveys as Source of Social Indicators

Annual Poverty Indicators Survey (APIS)
• eighth in a series of nationwide poverty
indicators survey undertaken by the NSO to
be conducted in July 2011
• 2002, 2004, 2007, 2008 and 2010 (conducted
in the month of July)
• 1998 and 1999 APIS were both conducted in
the month of October
27
III. NSO Surveys as Source of Social Indicators

Annual Poverty Indicators Survey (APIS)
•
To provide access and impact indicators that can be
used as inputs to the development of an integrated
poverty indicator and monitoring system.
•
To provide data on socio-economic profile of Filipino
families and other information relating to their living
conditions.
•
To supplement the identification of poor families
through the use of indicators other than those based
on income.
28
III. NSO Surveys as Source of Social Indicators

National Demographic and Health Survey (NDHS)
• designed to provide up-to-date information on
population, family planning and health to assist
policymakers and program managers in
evaluating and designing strategies for
improving health and family planning services in
the country.
• Latest – 2008 NDHS
29
III. NSO Surveys as Source of Social Indicators

National Demographic and Health Survey (NDHS)
• Collect data at the national level for the estimate
of fertility and under-five mortality rate
• Analyze the direct and indirect factors that
determine the level and trends of fertility
• Measure the level of contraceptive knowledge
and practice by method, urban-rural residence,
region
30
III. NSO Surveys as Source of Social
Indicators

National Demographic and Health Survey (NDHS)
• Collect data on knowledge and attitudes of
women and men about STI and HIV/AIDS;
evaluate pattern on condom use
• Collect high quality data on family health
31
III. NSO Surveys as Source of Social Indicators

National Demographic and Health Survey (NDHS)
Major Indicators
- Contraceptive Prevalence Rate (CPR)
- Total Fertility Rate (TFR)
- Percentage of Fully Immunized Children
- Fertility Preferences
- Coverage of Antenatal Care
32
III. NSO Surveys as Source of Social Indicators

Survey on Children (SOC)
• nationwide sample survey designed to collect
data on the demographic and socioeconomic characteristics of working children
with ages 5 to 17
Objectives
• to provide data on the demographic and
socio-economic characteristics of the working
children aged 5-17 years, as well as those of
households they belong to
33
III. NSO Surveys as Source of Social Indicators
Objectives (continued)
• to determine the factors affecting Filipino child
development and well-being
• to monitor the existence of child labor - extent,
reasons, and dangers of the working children
• to provide information to public authorities and
concerned citizens for use in developing
effective policies and strategies to help the
Filipino child live a healthy, active and rewarding
life he/she deserves.
34
III. NSO Surveys as Source of Social Indicators

Survey on Children (SOC)
Major Indicators
•
Number of Working Children
•
Occupation and Industry of Working Children
•
Status of Employment
•
Nature of Employment
•
Place of Work
•
Basis of Payment
35
III. NSO Surveys as Source of Social Indicators

Survey on Children (SOC)
Major Indicators
• Earnings and Savings
• Risk and Dangers at Work
• Supervision at Work
• Tools/Equipment and Safety Gadgets Used
Years conducted:
1996
2001
2011
36
III. NSO Surveys as Source of Social Indicators

Household Energy Consumption Survey (HECS)
• a collaborative effort between NSO and
Department of Energy (DOE).
• gathers data on household energy consumption,
application and other relevant factors affecting
such consumption.
• covers a nationwide sample of not less than
12,500 households that are deemed sufficient to
measure the levels and pattern of energy
consumption by households, at the national
level.
37
III. NSO Surveys as Source of Social Indicators

HECS Objectives
• To determine household utilization of fuels,
energy
supply
systems
and
appliances/device/equipment/motor vehicles.
• To identify patterns of energy use among
households.
• To assess the potential household energy
conservation
and
demand
management
techniques and inter fuel substitution.
• To measure the incidence of cooking fuel
switching and other changes in fuel
consumption patterns.
38
III. NSO Surveys as Source of Social Indicators

Household Energy Consumption Survey (HECS)
• To determine the awareness of the household
on government’s lighting and appliances
labeling programs.
• To determine the awareness of the household
on natural gas as fuel substitute for cooking,
heating and cooling.
• Years conducted:
1989 1994 2004
2011
39
III. NSO Surveys as Source of Social Indicators

Household Energy Consumption Survey (HECS)
Major Indicators
- Household energy consumption
- Fuel Source and Mode of Acquisition
- Average Fuel Price
- Fuel Preference
- Primary Cooking Fuel Switching
40
III. NSO Surveys as Source of Social Indicators

Household Survey on Domestic Visitors (HSDV)
- nationwide survey designed to collect and update
data on domestic tourism
- joint efforts of the Dept. of Tourism and NSO
Primary Objective
•
To gather data on household information on domestic
tourism that are vital to the effective and efficient
development and implementation of tourism plans and
programs
41
III. NSO Surveys as Source of Social Indicators

Household Survey on Domestic Visitors (HSDV)
Specific Objectives
•
•
•
•
To provide baseline data to measure the volume of
domestic tourism
Determine the profile and travel characteristics of
domestic visitors
Identify the travel patterns of the Filipino households
Estimate the extent and economic contribution of
domestic tourism in the country
Years conducted:
2004
2009
42
III. NSO Surveys as Source of Social Indicators

Household Survey on Domestic Visitors (HSDV)
Major Indicators
- Type of Visitors Received by the Household
- Length of Stay
- Expenses Incurred by the Visitors During their
Stay in the Household
- Ownership of Vacation House
- Expenses Incurred by the Households
- Domestic Travellers
- Intention to travel in the Next 12 months
- Availment of Package Tour
43
III. NSO Surveys as Source of Social Indicators

Functional Literacy and Mass Media Survey
(FLEMMS)
• FLEMMS is a nationwide survey that gathers
information on functional literacy status,
educational and skills qualification and
exposure to mass media of the population.
44
III. NSO Surveys as Source of Social Indicators

Functional Literacy and Mass Media Survey
(FLEMMS)
• The purpose of the FLEMMS is to provide a
quantitative framework that will serve as basis
on the formulation of policies and programs on
the improvement of literacy and educational
status of the population and improvement of
mass services to the public.
• Functional literacy is one of the components of
Human Development Index
45
III. NSO Surveys as Source of Social Indicators

Functional Literacy and Mass Media Survey
(FLEMMS)
Basically, the survey aims:
• estimate the proportion of the population who
are basically and functionally literate
• determine the educational skills qualifications
• determine the mass media exposure
46
III. NSO Surveys as Source of Social Indicators

Functional Literacy and Mass Media Survey
(FLEMMS)
th FLEMMS- 2008
rd FLEMMS- 2003
nd FLEMMS - 1994
st FLEMMS - 1989
47
III. NSO Surveys as Source of Social Indicators

Family Planning Survey (FPS)
• FPS is a nationwide survey rider to the Labor
Force Survey (LFS). The survey was conducted
among the female members aged 15-49 years
old.
• USAID is the funding agency of this survey.
• FPS is designed to provide up-to-date
information on contraceptive use in the country.
• It also generates important indicators on
maternal and child health.
48
III. NSO Surveys as Source of Social Indicators

Family Planning Survey (FPS)
•
•
•
•
to determine the contraceptive prevalence rate
and contraceptive method mix.
to determine the source of supplies and services
for selected modern contraceptive methods.
to determine the unmet need for family planning.
to determine contraceptive discontinuation rates,
method-specific discontinuation rates, and
contraceptive switching.
49
III. NSO Surveys as Source of Social Indicators

Family Planning Survey (FPS)
• to determine the potential demand for
selected contraceptive methods.
• to measure the percentage of births whose
mothers are highly exposed to maternityrelated risk.
• to determine the percentage of children
protected at birth against neonatal tetanus
and of births attended by professional health
workers.
50
III. NSO Surveys as Source of Social Indicators

Family Planning Survey (FPS)
• to determine the percentage of women
breastfeeding and the median duration of
breastfeeding
• to determine the percentage of children 6 to
59 months old who receive vitamin A
51
III. NSO Surveys as Source of Social Indicators

Family Planning Survey (FPS)
• FPS started in 1995. In year 2004
onward, the FPS includes the Maternal
and Child Health indicators.
• FPS is conducted annually except NDHS
years
• Current available data: 2006
52
III. NSO Surveys as Source of Social Indicators

Family Planning Survey (FPS)
Major Indicators
• Contraceptive Prevalence Rate (CPR)
• Unmet Need for Family Planning
• Contraceptive Switching
• Contraceptive Discontinuation
• Pre Natal Care and Breastfeeding
Practices
53
III. NSO Surveys as Source of Social Indicators

Family Health Survey (FHS)
– Provides information on maternal and child
health, family planning, and other healthrelated concerns.
– Stand –alone survey, and involved
interviewing women 15 to 49 years old
– USAID and WB provided funding
assistance
54
III. NSO Surveys as Source of Social Indicators
 The survey aims to provide information on maternal and
child health, family planning, and other health-related
concerns. Specifically, it will generate the following
indicators:
– CPR and contraceptive method mix;
– Source of supplies and services for selected modern
contraceptive methods;
– Unmet need for family planning;
– Differentials in the use of contraceptive method by age,
place of residence, education, occupation, and socioeconomic status;
III. NSO Surveys as Source of Social Indicators
– Reasons for non-use of family planning;
– High-risk fertility behaviour;
– Under-five mortality and maternal mortality;
– Provision of selected essential new born care to
infants;
– Breastfeeding;
– Fully immunized children;
– Prevalence and management of diarrhea and acute
respiratory infection;
III. NSO Surveys as Source of Social Indicators
– Percentage of children 6 to 59 months old who receive
Vitamin A;
– Frequency and timing of ante-natal visits;
– Frequency of post-natal check-ups within first week of
delivery;
– Deliveries attended by professional health workers,
and births delivered at health facilities;
– Health-seeking behavior among TB symptomatic; and
– Health facility utilization and PhilHealth coverage and
utilization.
III. NSO Surveys as Source of Social Indicators

Family Health Survey (FHS)
– contraceptive prevalence rate and contraceptive
method mix;
– source of supplies and services for selected
modern contraceptive methods;
– current level of unmet need for family planning;
– differentials in the use of contraceptive method by
age, place of residence, education, occupation,
and socio-economic status;
58
III. NSO Surveys as Source of Social Indicators

Family Health Survey (FHS)
– reasons for non-use of family planning;
– percentage of births where mothers and their
children are subject to elevated risks of morbidity
and mortality;
– measure of under-five mortality and maternal
mortality;
– selected essential new born care to infants;
59
III. NSO Surveys as Source of Social Indicators

Family Health Survey (FHS)
– percentage of women breastfeeding, the median
duration of breastfeeding; and prevalence of
breastfeeding among infants up to six months;
– percentage of fully immunized children, and the
level of coverage for the various recommended
vaccines;
– prevalence and management of diarrhea and acute
respiratory infection among under five children;
60
III. NSO Surveys as Source of Social Indicators

Family Health Survey (FHS)
- percentage of children 6 to 59 months old and
receive Vitamin A;
– frequency and timing of ante-natal visits and the
services provided during such visits;
- frequency of post-natal check-ups within first week
of delivery;
– percentage of deliveries attended by professional
health workers, and births delivered at health
facilities;
61
III. NSO Surveys as Source of Social Indicators

Family Health Survey (FHS)
- health-seeking behavior among TB symptomatic;
and
- health facility utilization and Philhealth coverage
and utilization.
62
III. NSO Surveys as Source of Social Indicators

Latest survey innovation is through the use of
handheld technology (iPAQ) for the
Global Adult Tobacco Survey
(GATS)
63
III. NSO Surveys as Source of Social Indicators
 a Bloomberg Global Initiative to Reduce Tobacco
Use
 household-based survey that tracks
– prevalence (cigarette smoking and other
tobacco use)
– second-hand smoking,
– cessation,
– Knowledge, attitudes and perceptions
– exposure to media and price as well as
taxation issues.
64
III. NSO Surveys as Source of Social Indicators
 implemented through close coordination and
partnership among:
– Centers for Disease
Control and Prevention (CDC)
– CDC Foundation
– World Health Organization (WHO)
– Research Triangle Institute (RTI)
– Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School
–
of Public Health
65
III. NSO Surveys as Source of Social Indicators
 Implementing Agencies
– National Statistics Office
• Preparatory Activities
• Data Collection
• Tabulation
– Department of Health
• Data Analyses,
• Report Writing
• Data Dissemination
66
III. NSO Surveys as Source of Social Indicators
 GATS Objectives
– a nationally representative household adult
survey developed to systematically monitor adult
tobacco use (smoking and smokeless) and track
key tobacco control interventions.
– intends to provide estimates of tobacco use,
exposure to second-hand smoking and frequency
of quit attempts at the urban/rural and by gender
level.
67
III. NSO Surveys as Source of Social Indicators
 GATS Objectives
– aims to analyze indicators of smoke-free air at home and
public places;
– analyze economic indicators such as average price paid
per cigarette during last purchase and percentage of
current smokers by cigarette brand;
– Analyze indicators of media exposure for counter and pro
tobacco;
– Analyze indicators of acknowledgement of health effects.
68
NSO Website
www.census.gov.ph
Thank You!
69