KS4 Physical
Education
Risk Assessment and Prevention of
Injury
https://www.youtub
e.com/watch?v=Jd
QXRQ_peow
Keywords:
Pooling,
Tendon,
Ligament
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Learning objectives
Learning objectives
Developing: Pupils will be
able to Explain internal and
external factors of injury.
Secure: Pupils will be able to
analyze these factors and
explain how they prevent
injury.
Exceeding: Pupils will be able
to evaluate these factors and
give sport specific examples.
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What causes injury?
Internal factors
These are factors to do with the performer
themselves
External factors
These are factors from outside that affect a
performer on the day.
How can risks from these factors be minimized?
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Card:
Are these factors internal or external??
Pink: Internal
Green: External
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Learning objectives
Learning objectives
Developing: Pupils will be
able to Explain internal and
external factors of injury.
Secure: Pupils will be able to
analyze these factors and
explain how they prevent
injury.
Exceeding: Pupils will be able
to evaluate these factors and
give sport specific examples.
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Before the game
Make a list of everything you can think of that can be done
before sport to prevent injury, then look at the selection below.
Correct technique
Inspection
of playing
conditions
Correct clothing
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Training
Pre-event
precautions
Kit
Fitness, strength
and flexibility
Warm-up
Appropriate equipment
in good condition
Challenge: Describe the importance of
each item.
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Three stations:
Protective equipment: Station 1 Use the tin foil and
create the protective equipment for the sport given.
Write this protective equipment down in your books.
Clothing: Station 2 What shouldn’t you wear during
the game of football? Challenge create your own
sport. Make sure you write this down in your books.
Equipment: Station 3 What are the risks using this
equipment? Can you think of your own equipment
with risks associated.
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Body conditioning
Weight training can:
Body conditioning is important
in preventing injury. An athlete
should prepare their body for
the demands of their activity.
increase tendon strength
increase ligament strength
increase bone strength.
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Body conditioning
Some sports require a high
degree of flexibility.
Flexibility training can help
participants to prepare for
sports like gymnastics, diving,
martial arts and climbing,
where the body is required
to perform extreme movements.
Increasing a participant’s range of movement reduces
the risk of injuries like sprained and pulled muscles.
The easiest way to increase flexibility is by stretching.
Yoga and similar activities can also help.
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Body Conditioning
Write down the body conditioning
you can do for your sport.
If you are struggling use your notes
from previous slides.
Extension: How will this reduce risk
to injury.
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Correct technique
Poor technique can lead to injury.
© EMPICS Ltd
It can cause you to have
a sudden accident like a
crash or a fall.
Over a long period, poor technique
in sports like rowing and weightlifting
can cause strains or joint damage.
Think of four sports where injuries can be
caused by poor technique.
What sort of injuries could be caused?
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Post it note:
Write an example in your sport where a poor
technique can lead to a risk.
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Plan your 6 mark question:
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Learning objectives
Learning objectives
In your workbook circle the
face appropriate to your
understanding of the learning
objectives.
Developing: Pupils will be able to
Explain internal and external factors
of injury.
Secure: Pupils will be able to
analyze these factors and explain
how they prevent injury.
Exceeding: Pupils will be able to
evaluate these factors and give
sport specific examples.
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Warm-up
Teacher
explanation
By warming-up properly you will reduce the risk of soft
tissue injuries like pulled muscles, strains and sprains.
The aim of a good warm-up is to gradually prepare the body
for exercise. This is done by:
increasing body temperature,
making muscles, tendons and
ligaments more elastic
stretching to increase the range
of movement around joints.
A thorough warm-up should consist of three main stages:
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Balanced competition
Would you allow these two individuals to compete
against each other in a boxing match? Why not?
In order to make a competition safe for participants,
it is important that the organizers balance it.
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Balanced competition
Teacher
explanation
It is particularly important in contact sports that competitors
are reasonably evenly matched. This reduces the risk of
injury to younger or weaker competitors.
There are many different ways of balancing competition.
AGE
GENDER
Many sports have junior
leagues or competitions.
Women and men compete
separately in most sports.
SKILL
WEIGHT
Most sports have
separate competitions
for beginners.
Many combative sports like
boxing and wrestling have
different weight divisions.
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Warm-up – write this down in your
own words
Stage 1: light aerobic work
Light continuous activity such as slow jogging, is used to
increase heart rate and blood flow. Muscles, ligaments and
synovial fluid in the joints are warmed, increasing flexibility.
Stage 2: stretches
Stretching the main muscle groups and joints increases their
elasticity and mobility so that they are less likely to be strained.
Stage 3: specific stretches and skills-related exercises
The final stretches and exercises will tackle the muscles that
come under particular stress during the planned activity, for
example, a javelin thrower may do some throws at 50% of
maximum effort.
Create your own warm up
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Homework
•Complete any missing spaces in your
workbook
•Complete the 6 mark question for risks in
sport.
•Due date: 27th September 2016
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The rules of the game
Rules and laws in sport are not just there to ensure fair play
– they are also designed to protect participants.
The rules of each sport depend on a number of factors,
including the level of contact and the equipment used.
Think of how the rules in the following
sports help to protect participants.
1. Ice hockey
2. Boxing
3. Track cycling
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The rules of the game
Referees and officials play an important role in ensuring
safety, by enforcing the rules.
There are a number of ways in which
offending players can be dealt with:
1. Warning from the referee
2. Advantage/points given to
opponents
3. Sending players off, either
permanently or temporarily.
4. Disciplinary proceedings,
including lengthy bans.
How do these punishments help to improve safety?
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Cool-down
Teacher
explanation
A proper cool-down after activity
prevents muscles and joints
becoming stiff and sore.
It helps you to recover more
quickly so that you are ready to
take part in activity again sooner.
A cool-down should consist of
some light aerobic work followed
by stretches.
Keeping the blood moving prevents
it pooling in the limbs which can
cause light-headedness. Stretching
helps to disperse lactic acid.
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The rules of the game
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The rules of the game: a case study
During the 2005 Lions rugby tour
of New Zealand, Brian O’Driscoll,
the Lions captain, suffered a
dislocated shoulder when he
was tackled by two New Zealand
players.
Video footage later showed
that O’Driscoll had been lifted
off his feet and driven into
the ground head-first in what
is termed a ‘spear-tackle’
Why is this type of tackle
particularly dangerous?
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The rules of the game: a case study
The IRB rules state that:
“A player must not tackle an
opponent early, late or dangerously.”
Although the evidence emerged too late to take action
against the New Zealand players, the footage was
presented to a conference of referees.
Referees have been instructed to be vigilant against this
kind of tackle and punish offenders harshly.
Players found guilty of spear-tackling can be suspended for
up to 6 months.
Do you think that this will deter players from
spear-tackling opponents?
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Is the playing area safe?
Before sporting activity commences, teachers or match
officials must check that the playing area is safe.
Pitches must be checked for glass and other sharp objects,
and sports halls need to be checked for wet or damaged floors.
What other factors
could affect the
playing area?
For each of the following sports, consider the safety
implications of freezing temperatures, strong winds
and the permanent fixtures required (e.g., goals, nets).
Javelin
Rugby
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Sailing
Long jump
Basketball
Ski jumping
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Preventing injury
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Exam-style questions
1. Pablo is about to play volleyball in a sports hall.
a) List three things that he should do before
playing to reduce the risk of injury.
b) Explain the importance of body
conditioning in preventing injury.
Pablo often has stiff hamstrings the day after playing.
c) How could Pablo prevent this?
2. Explain the roles of rules and officials in ensuring the
safety of competitors.
3. Give a detailed description of a warm-up that is
appropriate for a squash player.
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Glossary of keywords
Warm-up
Cool-down
Blood pooling
Correct technique
Body conditioning
Balanced competition
Flexibility
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