AUTOMATIC STREET LIGHT CONTROL SYSTEM FOR POWER SAVING USING A ZIGBEE
NETWORK AND SENSORS
J.RAJASEKHAR¹, M.SUNEELA²
¹PG Scholar, Dept of VLSI&ES, Nova Engineering Collage, Vijayawada, AP, India,E-mail:[email protected]
²Assoc prof, Dept of computer & communication, Nova Engineering Collage ,Vijayawada ,AP, India,
E-mail:[email protected]
Abstract—The main aim pape is used to control the street
II. SYSTEM IMPLEMENTATION MODEL
light automatically and manually. it uses the zigbee- based
wireless network to communicate with the street light and
The system consists of the ARM controller ,zigbee
the control network. It uses a sensor network to control the
wireless transmition , LDR ,IR sensor, the information display
street lights automatically. The information is sent to the
and so on.
zigbee transmitter and receivers at the control section used to
The LDR sensor is used to monitor the light and this
check the state of the street light status and to control the
information is given to the microcontroller .the IR sensor is
street light from the control section.
used to find the human movements in the street.when the light
gone dim and find the human movements in the street then the
Index Terms— microcontroller, automatic, control section,
microcontroller turn on the light at that street .and when the
street light, sensors, zigbee.
person left the street it will again turn off the lights. The LDR
details are all displayed on the LCD .The information of off
I. INTRODUCTION
and on of the street light is transmitted through the ZIGBEE
and it is received at the other end of ZIGBEE and send the
The present street light control system is based up on
information to the microcontroller then it is transmitted to the
the manual control of the lights The existing system is
computer by the RS232 protocol and displayed in the
commonly used in all streets of street light system. But in this
HyperTerminal present in the computer.this process is dun
method there is a loss of heavy electricity in the whole night.
automatically with out any human interface.
If the street light is not stopped after the night, the loss will
If any emergency occur and if we want to on the
continue throughout the day. And also the street light is not
lights then we manually on the lights from the computer
necessary when there are no human movements in the street.
HyperTerminal by typing the command in it, it will transmit
So to come out of these disadvantages this paper which allow
the information through the ZIGBEE and at the other section
significant cost savings and a greater respect for the
the light will be turn on, in the same way we can turn off the
environment.
light manually
The use of new technologies for the sources of light.
In this area, light-emitting diode (LED) technology is the best
solution because it offers many benefits. Researchers [1]–[4]
have already considered this possibility, designing an
advanced street lighting system based on LEDs.
The IR sensor and the photodiode are used to find the
human movements in the streets. Here the IR transmitter is
nothing but the IR LED. It just looks like a normal LED but
transmits the IR signals. Since the IR rays are out of the
visible range we cannot observe the rays from the transmitter.
A photodiode is a type of photodetector capable of converting
light into either current or voltage, depending upon the mode
of operation.
The control is implemented through a network of
sensors to collect the relevant information related to the
management and maintenance of the system, transferring the
information via wireless using the ZigBee protocol .it is used
to monitor the street light status and to control the street light
in emergency condition
To control all the sensors in this we are using the
ARM 7 microcontroller to communicate with all the
peripherals present in the project.
III. SYSTEM HARDWARE DESIGN
The system uses NXP's LPC2148 family with ARM7
Core microprocessor for the unit of main control, ZIGBEE
unit, sensor unit and relay unit etc
A. ARM Intelligent Control Module
ARM Intelligent control composes of ARM7 microcontroller.
The ARM7TDMI core is a member of the ARM family of
general-purpose 32-bit microprocessors. The ARM family
offers high performance for very low power consumption, and
small size. The ARM architecture is based on Reduced
Instruction Set Computer (RISC)principles. , that combines
the microcontroller with embedded high speed flash memory
ranging from 32 kB to 512 kB. it consists of 2 uarts used to
connect to the ZIGBEE and the computer, it has single or
dual 10-bit ADC(s) with14 channel input from the sensors,
We are connecting the LDR to one of the channel of ADC to
convert the analog signal to digital signal,it also consists of 45
GPIO pins to connect the street lights and IR are connected to
this pins of the ARM controller.
As its name implies, the Light Dependant Resistor
(LDR) is made from a piece of exposed semiconductor
material such as cadmium sulphide that changes its electrical
resistance from several thousand Ohms in the dark to only a
few hundred Ohms when light falls upon it by creating holeelectron pairs in the material. The net effect is an
improvement in its conductivity with a decrease in resistance
for an increase in illumination. Also, photoresistive cells have
a long response time requiring many seconds to respond to a
change in the light intensity.
C. IR AND PHOTODIODE
B.LDR SENSOR
Here the IR transmitter is nothing but the IR LED. It
A photo resistor or light-dependent resistor (LDR) just looks like a normal LED but transmits the IR signals.
or photocell is a light-controlled variable resister. The
Since the IR rays are out of the visible range we cannot
resistance of a photo resistor decreases with increasing
observe the rays from the transmitter.
incident light intensity .the LDR is shown in the fig3
These are infrared LEDs; the light output is not visible by our
eyes. They can be used as replacement LEDs for remote
controls, night vision for camcorders, invisible beam sensors,
etc.
A photodiode is a semiconductor device that
converts light into current. The current is generated when
photons are absorbed in the photodiode. A small amount of
current is also produced when no light is present. Photodiodes
may contain optical filters, built-in lenses, and may have large
or small surface areas. Photodiodes usually have a slower
response time as its surface area increases
The IR sensor and the photodiode are placed in 90
degrees angle the IR rays emit from the sensor are directly fall
on the photodiode it will receive that race and sens some logic
output .when the output logic is changed then some person has
entered in to the street.
IV. SYSTEM SOFTWARE DESIGN
D.ZIGBEE
ZigBee is a wireless networking technology; it is
the set of specifications built around the IEEE 802.15.4
wireless protocol. ZigBee technology is a low data rate, low
power consumption, low cost, wireless networking protocol
targeted towards automation and remote control applications.
ZigBee ideal for harsh radio environments in isolated
locations. its character sticks Multiple topologies : star, peerto-peer, mesh topologies, Low power consumption with
battery life ranging from months to years ,Provides secure
connections between devices ,itsAddressing space of up to 64
bit IEEE address devices ,it can connect up to 65,535 nodes on
a network its Range is 10 to 100m. Typical (Up to 400m
max.)
FIG7: CONTROL SOFTWARE DESIGN
In this software design we are using the
Keil uVision3 software to write the program and we have used
the flash magic software to dump the program in to the
controller.
V.CONCLUSION
zigbee uses two commands to communicate
between the two zigbees the two commands are
AT
AT+DMODE
By using these two commands we can communicate between
the devices
This paper describes a new intelligent street lighting
system which integrates new technologies available on the
market to offer higher efficiency and considerable savings.
Another advantage obtained by the control system is
the intelligent management of the lamp posts by sending data
to a central station by ZigBee wireless communication. The
system maintenance can be easily and efficiently planned
from the central station, allowing additional savings.
The proposed system is particularly suitable for street
lighting in urban and rural areas where the traffic is lowat a
given range of time.
The simplicity of ZigBee, the reliability of electronic
components, the feature of the sensor network, the processing
speed, the reduced costs, and the ease of installation are the
features that characterize the proposed system.
REFERENCES
[1] LPC2148 user’s manual. Philips Semiconductor, 2005.
[2] Z:\wireless com-zig\wireless-zigbee\ZigBee - Wikipedia, the free
encyclopedia.htm
[3] Z:\wireless com-zig\wireless-zigbee\zig.htm
[4] Keil uVision3 user’s manual
[5] REMOTE-CONTROL SYSTEM OF HIGH EFFICIENCY AND
INTELLIGENT STREET LIGHTING USING A ZIGBEE NETWORK OF
DEVICES AND SENSOR by Fabio Leccese