Copyright 2001 Academic Press, http://www.idealibrary.com/links/artid/redy.2000.0114/production/pdf
`@}it @?_ |i 53i Lu 6h4t
? #)?@4U @|U?} L_i*t
BtiTTi ih|L*@
H1X1L1 +Vdq Grphqlfr gl Ilhvroh/ IL L083349,/
Xqlyhuvlw
d gl Wrulqr/ dqg FHSU
i|hL B@hM@*_
Xqlyhuvlw
d Erffrql +Plodqr/ L053469, dqg FHSU
Th* 2fff
Devwudfw
Wklv sdshu vwxglhv wkh mrlqw glvwulexwlrq ri zdjhv dqg hpsor|phqw ohyhov lq vlpsoh
pdwfklqj prghov ri mre fuhdwlrq dqg ghvwuxfwlrq zlwk frvwo| vhdufk dqg up0vshflf
oderu ghpdqg vkrfnv1 H{lvwlqj hylghqfh rq wkh uhodwlrqvkls ehwzhhq hpsor|hu vl}h/
wkh phdq dqg yduldqfh ri hpsor|hhv* zdjhv/ dqg wkh fkdudfwhu ri jurvv mre fuhdwlrq
dqg ghvwuxfwlrq e| frqwlqxlqj upv lv eurdgo| frqvlvwhqw zlwk ghfuhdvlqj uhwxuqv lq
up0ohyho surgxfwlrq dqg klulqj whfkqrorjlhv1
Dgguhvv=
Jlxvhssh Ehuwrod
Ghsw1 ri Hfrqrplfv/ H1X1L1
L083349 Vdq Grphqlfr gl Ilhvroh IL
.6<38879;80558/ id{ 0535/ ehuwrodCgdwdfrpp1lxh1lw
Nh|zrugv=
Zdjh glvshuvlrq/ up vl}h glvwulexwlrq/ uhfuxlwlqj1
Zh wkdqn dq dqrq|prxv uhihuhh dqg Gdoh Pruwhqvhq +dv Hglwru, iru yhu| khosixo vxjjhvwlrqv/ Zlqiulhg
Nrhqljhu iru h{fhoohqw uhvhdufk dvvlvwdqfh/ dqg Iudqflv Nudpdu} iru dq lqvljkwixo glvfxvvlrq ri hpslulfdo
lvvxhv1 Gdqlhoh Erqgrqlr/ Nhq Exughww/ Ulfdugr Fdedoohur/ Dqguhd Lfklqr/ Dodq Pdqqlqj/ Fkulvwrskhu
Slvvdulghv/ dqg sduwlflsdqwv dw ydulrxv vhplqduv dovr pdgh khosixo frpphqwv rq suhylrxv yhuvlrqv ri wklv
uhvhdufk1 Hduolhu gudiwv ri wkh sdshu zhuh suhsduhg zkhq Slhwur Jduledogl zdv doldwhg zlwk LJLHU dqg
zlwk wkh LPI1 Jlxvhssh Ehuwrod dfnqrzohgjhv uhvhdufk vxssruw iurp Frqvljolr Qd}lrqdoh ghooh Ulfhufkh dqg
iurp wkh HXL Uhvhdufk Frxqflo/ dv zhoo dv wkh nlqg krvslwdolw| ri wkh LPI Uhvhdufk Ghsduwphqw1

W?|hL_U|L?
`@}i _gihi?|@*t @UhLtt LMtih@|L?@**) i^@*i?| Lh!iht @hi ML| t3@M*i @?_ Tihtt|i?|
? hi@*|)c @?_ i4ThU@* Lh! @t }i? t|)*3i_u@U| t|@|t |L tiih@* hi*@|L?tTt Mi|ii?
Lh!ih @}it @?_ i4T*L)ih U@h@U|iht|Ut Ai i4T*L)ih t3i@}i igiU| t Tih@Tt |i
t|hL?}it| tU t|)*3i_ u@U|G *@h}ih €h4t Lh T*@?|t T@) }ih @}it Ai *|ih@|hi ?U*_it
itTiU@**) ?i?|@* Lh! M) khi}ih @?_ 544iht EbHH @?_ hL? @?_ i_Lg EbHbc
@?_ @t Mii? hiUi?|*) thi)i_ M) @?_ W_tL? Ebbb ? @TT@hi?| hi*@|L?tT Mi|ii?
@}it @?_ i4T*L)ih t3i 4@) Mi tThLt ? h@ _@|@c hiiU|?} uLh i @4T*i |i u@U| |@|
*@h}ih i4T*L)iht hi }ih ^@*|) Lh!ihtc Lh Lgih ?uihLh Lh!?} UL?_|L?t E@t|ihtc
bSbc Lh u@Ui }ih ht! Lu ?L?3@|L? EL_}ht!)c bHSc Lh t@hi } ThL€|t | Lh!iht
E`ittc bSS( i**Lc bH2c Lh ?ii_ |L Lgti| @ *Lih @TT*U@?||LLM @U@?U) h@|L E`itt
@?_ w@?_@c bHec Lh hi_Ui ULt|*) 4L?|Lh?} Ec bH Ai *|ih@|hic Liihc @t
it|@M*ti_ |@| |i i4T*L)ih<t t3i hi4@?t t}?€U@?| ? € i_igiU| @}i i^@|L?t ii?
i? @** @h@M*it hi*i@?| |L tU @*|ih?@|i i T*@?@|L?t @hi UL?|hL**i_ uLh
,4ThU@* i_i?Ui ?_U@|it |@| @}i _tTihtL? @UhLtt ThL_U|L? ?|t t @*tL hi*@|i_
|L i4T*L)4i?| *ii*t #@t @?_ O@*|@?}ih<t EbbS Lh! L? N5 4@?u@U|h?} tiU|Lh
_@|@c uLh i @4T*ic €?_t |@| @}i _tTihtL? u@**t t@hT*) | it|@M*t4i?| t3i uLh ?L?
ThL_U|L? Lh!ihtc @?_ 4*_*) uLh ThL_U|L? Lh!iht w!i |i 4i@? igiU|tc |t tiUL?_
4L4i?| @}it3i igiU| t hLMt| |L |i ?U*tL? Lu UL?|hL* @h@M*itc tU @t it|@M*t4i?|
*ii* ?L? _i?t|) @?_ ?_U@|Lht Lu Lh!ih ^@*|)
At T@Tih i T*Lhit |i @}it|hU|hi 4T*U@|L?t Lu 4@|U?} 4L_i*t Lu |i *@MLh
4@h!i|c ihi LM Uhi@|L? @?_ _it|hU|L? |@!i T*@Ui @| €h4t Lu i?_L}i?Lt*) i|ihL}i?iLt
t3ic @?_ tLt |@| |i L?| _t|hM|L? Lu @}it @?_ i4T*L)4i?| }i?ih@|i_ M) tU 4L_i*t
U@? Mi UL?tt|i?| | |i i_i?Ui L? ML| |i €ht| @?_ tiUL?_ 4L4i?| Lu |i @}it3i
_t|hM|L? `i @hi Uih|@?*) ?L| |i €ht| |L ?L|i |@| 4TihuiU| 4@|U?} Lh Rti@hU
U@? h@|L?@*3i @}i _gihi?|@*t @UhLtt _i?|U@* Lh!iht i4T*L)i_ M) _gihi?| €h4t W?
|i h_i|| @?_ Lh|i?ti? EbbH 4L_i*c L?|iLM ti@hU _h@t Lh!iht uhL4 *LT@) |L
}T@) LMt @?_c ? @ R@}iTLt|?} i^*Mh4 ihi @U@?Uit @hi ULt|*) @?_ @}it
@||@Ui_ |L @ }i? LM @hi ?iih hi?i}L|@|i_c i @?|i _i?|U@* i4T*L)iht U@? i@h? t4*@h
ThL€|t |hL} _gihi?| UL4M?@|L?t Lu @}i @?_ i4T*L)4i?| *ii*t L?tt|i?|*) |
i_i?Ui Lu @}it3i igiU|tc }@}i LMt @hi 4Lhi ?4ihLt |@? *Lih@}i LMt ?
tU @? i^*Mh4 W? |@| 4L_i* @?_ ? hiUi?| i |i?tL?t ihi LT|4@* @_t|4i?|
Lu 4@|U*ii* U@T|@* )i*_t t?}*iTi@!i_ @}iLgih _t|hM|L?t Etii Lh|i?ti?c bbHc

Liihc LMt UL*_ Mi tThi@_ ? |i iUL?L4) @| *@h}i h@|ih |@? M?_*i_ ? R€h4t W?
u@U|c t?Ui ?L hi?i}L|@|L? LUUht ? @ @}iTLt|?} ti||?}c LMt T@)?} _gihi?| @}it
UL*_ ULi t| |? @?) *i}@* i?||) ? |i @Mti?Ui Lu ?4L_i*i_ @__|L?@* UL?t|h@?|t L?
|?€h4 @}i _tTihtL?
W? }i?ih@*c |i @ttLU@|L? Lu } @}it |L @ tTiU€U €h4<t UhU4t|@?Uit t *Lt| ? @
UL?t|@?|hi|h?t i?hL?4i?| @|U?} 4L_i*t | UL?|?Lt hi?i}L|@|L? Lu @}i h@|it
@*tL |)TU@**) uLUt L? LM*ii* Ti?L4i?@c @?_ @hi t4*@h*) **t|i_ |L @ t|_) Lu €h4*ii*
Ti?L4i?@ Etii Lh|i?ti? @?_ tt@h_itc bbbc uLh @ thi) Mtih@M*i U@h@U|iht|Ut Lu
hi@**ui €h4tc Liihc _L @TTi@h i4ThU@**) hi*i@?| #U!i?t @?_ k@|3 EbH.c k@|3 @?_
544iht EbHbc @?_ L|ih hiuihi?Uit ? *@?ULih i| @* EbbS €?_ |@| Tihtt|i?|*)
} @}it @hi @ttLU@|i_ ?L| L?*) |L i4T*L)4i?| *ii*t @?_ h@|it Lu U@?}ic M| @*tL |L
*@h}ih ThL€|t @?_ L|ih ?_U@|Lht Lu i4T*L)iht< R@M*|) |L T@) 6h|ihc #@t i| @* EbbS
tL |@| |i ?|i?t|) Lu LM hi@**LU@|L?c Lh }hLtt LM Uhi@|L? @?_ _it|hU|L?c t *Lih @|
*@h}ih €h4t
Ai U*@tt Lu 4L_i*t i t|_) ? |t T@Tih Lgiht @? ?|ihThi|@|L? Lu tU i_i?Ui ?
|ih4t Lu t|@?_@h_ iUL?L4U 4iU@?t4t `i @tt4i |@| h?} Lh!iht i?|@*t ULt|t uLh
i4T*L)iht @?_c uL**L?} ih|L*@ @?_ @M@**ihL Ebbe @?_ Lh|i?ti? Ebbbc i *i| |i
hiUh|?} |iU?L*L}) @i _iUhi@t?} hi|h? |L tU@*i Atc LT|4@* i4T*L)4i?| }hL| t
u@t|ih @| €h4t ihi |i i4T*L)ih<t uLh@h_*LL!?} thT*t uhL4 ?i h?} t }ih `i
*i| @}it Mi ti| M) @ ThLUitt Lu UL?|?Lt*) hi?i}L|@|i_ thT*ttT*||?} @| |i ?__@*
LM *ii*c |L 4T*) |@| hi*@|i*) *@h}i @*it Lu |i i4T*L)ih<t 4@h}?@* thT*t @hi @*tL
@ttLU@|i_ | } @}i h@|it Oi?Uic u@t| i4T*L)4i?| }hL| t @ttLU@|i_ | }
@}i *ii*tc @?_ |i hit*|?} 4L_i*t )i*_ @ TLt|i @}it3i igiU| |hL} t|LU!L
hi*@|L?tTt t4*@h |L |Lti ui@|hi_ M) |i h_i||Lh|i?ti? 4L_i* Lu Lh!ih ti@hU
W? |i 4L_i*t i UL?t_ihc Liihc ThL_U||) t ?L| _i?|U@* @UhLtt €h4t +@|ihc
ML| ThL_U||) @?_ @}it @hi _hi? M) i L}i?Lt €h4*ii* t|LU@t|U ThLUittitc @?_
_iTi?_ L? i4T*L)4i?| *ii*t hL€|tc i4T*L)4i?|c @?_ @}it @hi L?|*) i?_L}i?Lt @?_
?|ihhi*@|i_ h@?_L4 @h@M*it ? _@|@ }i?ih@|i_ M) 4L_i*t | _iUhi@t?} hi|h?t |L hiUh|
?} igLh|c @?_ |i R4@|U?} t|hU|hi Lu |i *@MLh 4@h!i| hi@_*) h@|L?@*3it @ @hi|)
Lu i4ThU@* u@U|t ? |i *@MLhtTT*) t_ic @hM|h@}i @UhLtt _gihi?| LMt< @}it t 4Tih
uiU| u 4L?} uhL4 L?i LM |L @?L|ih i?|@*t @ tTi** Lu ?i4T*L)4i?|( i?Uic L|ihti
_i?|U@* Lh!iht U@? @?_ _L i@h? _gihi?| @}itc ii? |L} |i) ?|ih@U| ? |i t@4i
4@h!i| @?_ @i _i?|U@* LTTLh|?|) ULt|t ? |i *@MLh_i4@?_ t_ic ?__@* €h4t<
U@h@U|iht|Ut tU @t t3i @?_ ThL€|t @hi hi*i@?| |L @}i M@h}@?t t|hU! @| |i ?__@*
2
LM *ii*c itTiU@**) uQ@t ? ih|L*@ @?_ @M@**ihL Ebbec 5|L*i @?_ ~iMi* EbbSc @U
@?_ `@t4ih E2fffQ|i €h4*ii* ThL_Uih thT*t _iTi?_t ?L?*?i@h*) L? i4T*L)4i?|c
@t L*_ Mi |i U@ti i? |i ?__@* €h4<t |iU?L*L}) _tT*@) _iUhi@t?} hi|h?t ?L|
L?*) ? |i hiUh|?}c M| @*tL ? |i ThL_U|L? |iU?L*L})
2
@|U?} @?_ €h4t
Ai LMiU| Lu Lh t|_) t @ t|@|L?@h) *@MLh 4@h!i|c ?@M|i_ M) @ UL?|?4 Lu ht!
?i|h@* €h4t Lu € i_ |L|@* 4@tt @?_ M) @? @*tL € i_ @?_ UL?|?Lt*) _tM*i ?4Mih Lu
ht!?i|h@* Lh!iht `i ?Lh4@*3i |L ?|) |i 4i@thi Lu ML| ti|tc @?_ ?_i €h4t M)
s 5 dfc o 5?Ui *@MLh t @tt4i_ L4L}i?iLt ? ^@*|)c | ** ?L| Mi ?iUitt@h) ? @|
uL**Lt |L ?_i Lh!iht L|ih |@? @UULh_?} |L |i _i?||) Lu |ih i4T*L)ih
Ai 4@h}?@* hii?i ThL_U| Lu *@MLh @| i@U €h4 t @ u?U|L? ZE,c # Lu |t Uhhi?|
i4T*L)4i?| *ii* , @?_ Lu #c @ tu|ih Lu |t *@MLh _i4@?_ At u?U|L? t _iUhi@t?} ?
|t €ht| @h}4i?| u i@U €h4 @t i U*ti ti ? ThL_U|L? Lu tTiU€U ?L?|h@_i_ u@U|Lht
EtU @t i?|hiThi?ih@* t!**c Lh i?L)t 4L?LTL*) TLih ? |i ThL_U| 4@h!i| W? tU
U@titc |i _i?||) Lu R€h4t t ^|i U*i@h*) @ttLU@|i_ | |i U@h@U|iht|Ut Lu |ih ULt|
@?_ ThL_U| _i4@?_ u?U|L?tc @?_ Mi@ht _hiU|*) L? |ih i4T*L)4i?| *ii*G t?Ui hi|h?t
|L i4T*L)4i?| @hi _iUhi@t?}c |i t4T*it| t|@|U 4L_i* Lu @}i|@!?} *@MLh _i4@?_ L*_
T? _L? @ ?^i LT|4@* i4T*L)4i?| *ii* `i *i| ZE,c # Mi ?Uhi@t?} ? |t tiUL?_
@h}4i?|c tL |@| *@h}ih @*it Lu # @hi @ttLU@|i_ | t|hL?}ih *@MLh _i4@?_ @| @?) }i?
@}i *ii*
`i t@** @*tL UL?t_ih U@tit ihi ZE,c # t UL?t|@?| | hitTiU| |L ,c ic |iU?L*L}U@*
@?_ 4@h!i| UL?€}h@|L?t ihi hi|h?t |L *@MLh @hi UL?t|@?| @?_ |i LT|4@* tU@*i Lu
LTih@|L? Lu |i €h4 UL*_ ?L| Mi U@h@U|ih3i_ M) t4T*i t|@|U 4L_i*t Lu UL4Ti||i *@MLh
_i4@?_ t ? @U @?_ `@t4ih E2fffc UL?t|@?| hi|h?t |L *@MLh 4@) Mi UL?tt|i?| |
ti Lu L|ih u@U|Lht EtU @t U@T|@* @t *L?} @t |iti @hi uhii*) @_t|@M*i @?_ |i ThL_U|L?
u?U|L? @t UL?t|@?| hi|h?t |L tU@*i Lih@**c @?_ |i _)?@4Ut Lu |i €h4<t i4T*L)4i?|
4@) t|** Mi ?^i*) U@h@U|ih3i_ u h?} |@!it |4i
Ai T@h E,c # _i?|€it R€h4t ? |i UL?|i | Lu |i 4L_i* W| ** Mi UL?i?i?| |L *i|
# 4T _tUhi|i*) @?_ ?uhi^i?|*) Mi|ii? @ €?|i ?4Mih Lu @*it W? Lh_ih |L @__hitt
UhLtttiU|L?@* i4ThU@* i_i?Uic i i @** tU i L}i?Lt ?Uih|@?|) @t _Lt)?Uh@|Uc
i @tt4i |@| |i i L}i?Lt ThLUitt uL**Li_ M) # t t|@|L?@h)c @?_ i tTTLti |@|
|i uhi^i?U) _t|hM|L? Lu |i 4L_i*<t i?_L}i?Lt @h@M*it t i** @TThL 4@|i_ M) |i
ih}L_U _t|hM|L? Lu €h4tTiU€U t|LU@t|U ThLUittit
2
w@MLh _i4@?_
Ai i?_L}i?Lt _)?@4Ut Lu i4T*L)4i?| @| i@U €h4 s @hi _i|ih4?i_ M) |i i4T*L)ih<t
h?} @U||) @?_ €h?} _iUtL?t L| U@? Mi hi@_*) U@h@U|ih3i_ ? |ih4t Lu |i t@_L
@*i Lu €h4 s <t i4T*L)4i?|c _i€?i_ @t |i _tUL?|i_ i TiU|i_ @*i Lu |i _gihi?Ui
Mi|ii? 4@h}?@* ThL_U||) @?_ @}i h@|it
AL 4L_i* |i h?} ThLUittc i *i| €h4 s TLt| s f @U@?Uit Lt|i @U@?Uit
tL*_ Mi TLt|i_ i?iih |ih ULt| t Ei@!*) *Lih |@? |ih i TiU|i_ UL?|hM|L?
|L |i €h4<t Thiti?| _tUL?|i_ @*ic ?@4i*) |i t@_L @*i Lu @? @__|L?@* Lh!ih
|4it |i ThLM@M*|) |@| @? LTi? @U@?U) t 4@|Ui_ |L @? ?i4T*L)i_ Lh!ih 6L**L?}
ih|L*@ @?_ @M@**ihL Ebbe @?_ Lh|i?ti? Ebbbc i tTTLti |@| @U@?Uit U@? Mi
Uhi@|i_ ULt|*itt*)c M| i?|@* 4Lhi |@? ThLTLh|L?@|i*) ?Uhi@t?} L ULt|t Ei^@*i?|*)c
|i 4@|U?} ThL_U||) Lu @U@?Uit UL*_ Mi 4L_i*i_ @t @ _iUhi@t?} u?U|L? Lu |i
€h4<t ti@hU igLh| | @? ?|ihLh LT|44c |i ULt| Lu |i 4@h}?@* @U@?U) TLt|i_ 4t|
Mi i^@* |L |t i TiU|i_ UL?|hM|L? |L |i €h4<t @*ic ic |i @*i Lu @ 4@h}?@* @__|L?
|L |t *@MLh uLhUi |4it |i ThLM@M*|) ?|i?t|) Lu 4@|U?} ii?|t uLh |i 4@h}?@* @U@?U)
`i _i?L|i |i *@||ih | i @?_ i | @t @ }i? UL?t|@?| |hL} 4Lt| Lu Lh @?@*)tt EM|
TTi?_ Lgiht @ Mhiu _tUttL? Lu |t i?_L}i?Lt _i|ih4?@|L? M) @) Lu @ t|@?_@h_
4@|U?} u?U|L? tTiU€U@|L? `i *i| |i 4@h}?@* ULt| Lu TLt|?} s @U@?Uit Mi }i?
M) Ss c @?_ i hiUL}?3i |@| |i t@_L @*i Lu *@MLh t @ u?U|L? E,c # Lu |i €h4
tTiU€U t|@|i @h@M*it u |i _Lt)?Uh@|U ThLUitt i#j t @h!L ? *ii*t @?_ @}it @hi
UL?|?Lt*) hi?i}L|@|i_ Atc |i LT|4@*|) UL?_|L? uLh @U@?U)TLt|?} @U||it t
s '
i
E,s c # s S
E
i?iih E,s c # s : f
Ai @*i Lu @__|L?@* i4T*L)4i?| ?ii_ ?L| Mi t|hU|*) TLt|i uLh @** *ii*t Lu # @?_ ,
`i *i| €h4t €hi |ih Lh!iht ?t|@?|@?iLt*) @?_ ULt|*itt*) i?iih | t LT|4@* uLh |i4
|L _L tLc ic i?iih |i 4@h}?@* @*i Lu i4T*L)4i?| L*_ L|ihti Mi ?i}@|i
4 Li
ulqj zhuh frvwo|/ yroxqwdu| txlwv zrxog doorz upv wr rewdlq frvwohvv hpsor|phqw uhgxfwlrqv diwhu d
qhjdwlyh vkrfn dv lq Vdlqw0Sdxo +4<<8,> uhjxodwru| frqvwudlqwv pd| dovr ghod| od|rv dv lq Jduledogl +4<<;,1
Ilulqj +ru klulqj, frvwv frxog pdnh lw rswlpdo qrw wr uhdfw ixoo| wr d vwdwh wudqvlwlrq dqg rsw lqvwhdg iru
_rswlpdo lqdfwlrq% srolflhv idploldu iurp/ h1j1/ Ehqwrolod dqg Ehuwrod +4<<3,1 Wkhvh dqg rwkhu uhdolvwlf
h{whqvlrqv zrxog juhdwo| frpsolfdwh wkh prgho exw zrxog qrw txdolwdwlyho| dhfw wkh edvlf srlqw ri wklv
sdshu1
e
Atc €h4 s TLt|t |i TLt|i @U@?Uit _i|ih4?i_ M) E i?iih E,s c # s : f `i?
E,s c # s ' fc | TLt|t ?L @U@?Uit @?_c u ,s t TLt|ic t ?_gihi?| |L €h?} |i 4@h}?@*
Lh!ih
W? }i?ih@*c Lu ULhtic E,s c # s t |ti*u i?_L}i?Lt*) _i|ih4?i_ M) |i €h4<t LT|4@*
*@MLh _i4@?_ TL*U)c U t uLh@h_ *LL!?} @?_c ? |h?c _iTi?_t L? |i t@Ti Lu |i
ZE 4@h}?@* ThL_U||) u?U|L?c L? |i @}i T@_ |L |i €h4<t i4T*L)iitc @?_ L? |i
_)?@4Ut Lu Lh!ih |h?Lih ) |t _i€?|L? @t |i Thiti?| _tUL?|i_ @*i Lu *@MLh<t
4@h}?@* UL?|hM|L? |L ThL€|tc |i u?U|L? E,s c # s t@|t€it @ t|@?_@h_ @tti|ThU?}
hi*@|L?tTc
YE Y EE,
4E n
, n .s d{Eo c
E2
oE ' ZE Y,
Y,
ihi i *i| Lh!iht ^| ?|L ?i4T*L)4i?| @| @? i L}i?Lt h@|i 4 f @?_c |L t4T*u)
?L|@|L?c i L4| |i @h}4i?|t E,s| c # s| Lu |i hi*i@?| u?U|L?t @?_ €h4 @?_ |4i ?_i it
,^@|L? E2 h*it L| @hM|h@}i LTTLh|?|it 4TLt?} |@| |i ThL_U| Lu |i @tti| @*i
E @?_ |i h@|i Lu hi|h? L? |i €h4<t LTih@|L?c _i?L|i_ M) o fc i^@* Uhhi?| __i?_t
T*t uLh@h_*LL!?} U@T|@*}@? i TiU|@|L?t Ai |ih4 ? t^@hi Mh@U!i|t L? |i h}|
@?_ t_i hiThiti?|t |i 4@h}?@* Lh!ih<t UL?|hM|L? |L |i €h4<t Uhhi?| U@t Lc ic
|i _gihi?Ui Mi|ii? *@MLh<t 4@h}?@* ThL_U||) @?_ |i 4@h}?@* ULt| Lu i4T*L)?} @?
@__|L?@* Lh!ih Ai *@||ih t h||i? @t |i _ih@|i Lu |i @}i M** | hitTiU| |L
i4T*L)4i?|c U _Lit ?L| UL?U_i | |i @}i uc @t ? |i 5|L*i @?_ ~iMi* EbbS
4L_i* Lu ?|h@€h4 M@h}@??} @?_ ? |i i^*Mh4 4L_i* Lu ih|L*@ @?_ @M@**ihL Ebbec
@}it _iTi?_ L? |i t3i Lu |i *@MLh TLL* @||@Ui_ |L |i €h4
Ai L|ih |ih4t L? |i h}|@?_ t_i Lu E2 hiThiti?| |i U@T|@* }@? UL4TL?i?|t
Lu |i €h4<t hi|h? L? |i 4@h}?@* Lh!ih i4T*L)i_ Ai i4T*L)ih i Tihi?Uit @ L
4E Lu 4@h}?@* U@T|@* *Lttit @t Lh!ihtc @*i_ @| E fc ^| @| h@|i 4 f 6h|ih
U@T|@* }@?t Lh *Lttit hit*| uhL4 i L}i?Lt tLU!t @?_ uhL4 |i €h4<t L? h?} @?_ €h?}
_iUtL?t W? |i @Mti?Ui Lu t|@|i |h@?t|L?tc |i t@_L @*i Lu *@MLh iL*it UL?|?Lt*)
u | _iTi?_t L? , @?_ , 9' f 5?Ui |i €h4<t i4T*L)4i?| ?Uhi@tit @| h@|i is @t @ hit*| Lu
|i €h4<t h?} igLh|tc @?_ _iU*?it @| h@|i 4, @t @ UL?ti^i?Ui Lu ?@|h@* |h?Lihc
2
,s ' is 4,s ' i E,s c # s 4,s
S
E
t ?L| 3ihL ? }i?ih@*c @?_ ?ii_t |L Mi |@!i? ?|L @UUL?| M) Lh U@h@U|ih3@|L? Lu U@tit
ihi YE*Y, 9' f
D
Ai €?@* uLh@h_*LL!?} |ih4 L? |i h}|@?_ t_i Lu E2c .s d{Eoc hiThiti?|t |i
t|@|i_iTi?_i?| i TiU|i_ h@|i Lu U@T|@* }@? Lh *Ltt Tih ?| |4i hit*|?} uhL4 tLU!t |L #
5?Ui i4T*L)iht 4@) ?t|@?|@?iLt*) hi@U| |L tLU!t M) €h?} tL4i Lh @** Lu |ih i4T*L)iitc
4L_i*t ihi E _iTi?_t L? ,s @t i** @t L? #s ?ii_ |L U@h@U|ih3i tU U@T|@* }@?t ?
|ih4t Lu i?_L}i?Lt *@MLh _i4@?_ hi@U|L?t @t i** @t Lu i L}i?Lt ThL_U||) tLU!t
22
`Lh!iht @?_ @}it
Ah??} ?i | |L @}i _i|ih4?@|L?c *i| |i LMiU|i u?U|L? Lu @** Lh!iht Mi |i ht!
?i|h@* _tUL?|i_ i TiU|@|L? Lu *@MLh ?UL4i Lt W? |i t|i@_)t|@|i iUL?L4) ?_ih
UL?t_ih@|L?c |i Lh!iht< |t*) _i€?i_ R4@? U@T|@* _iTi?_t L? i|ih |i) @hi
i4T*L)i_ @?_c u tLc L? |i Uhhi?| *@MLh _i4@?_ tu|ih # @?_ i4T*L)4i?| , Lu |ih i4
T*L)ih wi| ?i4T*L)i_ Lh!iht i ih| UL?t|@?| ti@hU igLh| @?_ i?L) @? ?UL4ii^@*i?|
L 5 uhL4 *ithi @?_ Mi?i€|t i? ?i4T*L)i_ W? t|i@_) t|@|ic |ih 4@? U@T|@* @t
UL?t|@?| @*ic _i?L|i_ a ? @| uL**Lt @?_ U@h@U|ih3i_ Mi*L
Ai @}it @?_ 4@? U@T|@* Lu i4T*L)i_ Lh!iht @hi u?U|L?t E @?_ aE Lu |i
i4T*L)?} €h4<t *@MLh _i4@?_ ?_i # @?_ i4T*L)4i?| *ii* , Ai) t@|tu) |i @tti|
@*@|L? hi*@|L?tT
oaE ' E n 4da aEo n
YaE , n .s d{ao c
Y,
Ee
U tit |i t@4i ?L|@|L?@* UL?i?|L?t @t E2 @?_ @*tL @__t |L |i Uhhi?| U@tL
|hii UL?UiT|@**) _t|?U| U@T|@*}@? UL4TL?i?| Lu L hi|h?t W? Eec |i Lh!ih i TiU|t
|L i Tihi?Ui i L}i?Lt tiT@h@|L?t ?|L ?i4T*L)4i?|c @| h@|i 4( UL?|?Lt*) iL*?}
U@T|@* }@?t Lh *Lttitc hiiU|?} i4T*L)4i?| _)?@4Ut uLh ?U@?}i_ Mt?itt UL?_|L?t(
@?_ ?uhi^i?| }@?t Lh *Lttit _i |L *@MLh _i4@?_ tLU!tc _i?L|i_ .s d{ao
5?Ui uLh4?} 4@|Uit t ULt|*)c i t|?} L?it i?L) iUL?L4U hi?|t 6L**L?} Lh|i?ti?
@?_ tt@h_it Ebbe @?_ L|ih hiUi?| UL?|hM|L?tc i @tt4i |@| |i |L|@* i TiU|i_
_tUL?|i_ thT*t uhL4 i@U 4@|U t tT*| ? € i_ ThLTLh|L? @| @** |4it
| €h4t ihi |i 4@h}?@* @*i Lu i4T*L)4i?| t 3ihLc |ihi t ?L thT*t |L Mi tT*|
Ai Lh!iht Eu @?) U |i i4T*L)ih €?_t | LT|4@* |L hi|@? 4t| Mi ?_gihi?| |L |i
L|t_i LT|L?G
a ' aE,s c # s ; s t| E,s c # s ' fc , : f
ED
5?Ui i@U ?i4T*L)i_ Lh!ih t 4@|Ui_ |L @ h@?_L4 LTi? @U@?U) | ThLM@M*|) ?|i?
S
t|) iT *L c i @i |i t|@?_@h_ @tti|@*@|L? i^@|L?
T
oa ' 5 n i E. dao a c
L
ES
ihi . dao t |i @ih@}i @*i Lu LMt uLh U @U@?Uit @hi TLt|i_
| €h4t U @hi TLt|?} @U@?Uitc UL?ihti*)c |i LT|L? Lu ULt|*itt*) LTi??} @ ?i
L?i t @*@)t @@*@M*i |L |i i4T*L)ihc *i uLh |ih i4T*L)iit |i L|t_i LT|L? t @
L*?|@h) ^| ?|L ?i4T*L)4i?| #i?L|?} | q |i i4T*L)ii<t thT*t t@hic i h|iG
qE,s c # s ' E qEaE,s c # s a ; s t| E,s c # s : f
E.
Ai hi*@|L?tTt ED @?_ E. Mi|ii? |i *ii*t Lu Lh!iht< 4@? U@T|@* u?U|L?t @?_
i4T*L)iht< t@_L@*i u?U|L?t L*_ _i?|U@**) ? |i @Mti?Ui Lu t|@|i |h@?t|L?tc @?_
hi@_*) 4T*) @ *?i@h hi*@|L?tT Mi|ii? |i h@|it Lu U@?}i Lu |i |L uLh@h_*LL!?}
@*i u?U|L?t 6Lh @?) }i? #c @?_ uLh @** , UL?tt|i?| | |i €h4t< _)?@4U *@MLh
# ' q E,c
#c Lh |@|
_i4@?_ TL*Uitc | 4t| Mi |i U@ti |@| E q aE,c
E q
YaE,c # YE,c # ,'q
,
Y,
Y,
EH
Ai @tt4T|L? |@| |i uLh@h_ *LL!?} 4@|U thT*t t tT*| ? € i_ ThLTLh|L?t Mi|ii?
|i T@h|it uh|ih 4T*it |@| U@T|@* }@?t Lh *Lttit hit*|?} uhL4 i L}i?Lt ThL_U||)
tLU!t @hi @*tL t4*@h*) tT*|c @?_ |ihiuLhi |@| @ *?i@h hi*@|L?tT t4*@h |L |Lti ? EH
@*tL L*_t Mi|ii? |i Lh!iht< @?_ i4T*L)iht< h@|it Lu i TiU|i_ U@T|@* }@? Lh *Lttit TL?
*@MLh_i4@?_ |h@?t|L?tG2
E q .s d{aEo ' q.s d{Eo Eb
vkrz wklv/ frqvlghu wkh lpsolfdwlrqv ri d wudqvlwlrq iurp vwdwh +> o, wr vwdwh + 3 > o3 ,/ zkhuh 3 uhsuhvhqwv wkh h{rjhqrxv surgxfwlylw| vkrfn dqg o3 o pd| eh qhjdwlyh li wkh hpsor|hu uhdfwv wr lw e|
ulqj vrph hpsor|hhv1 Li D+3 > o, A 3/ wkh hpsor|hu grhv qrw uh dqg wkh vxusoxv0vsolwwlqj uxoh lpsolhv
^D+> o, D+3 > o,`1 Li ulqj lv rswlpdo/ wkhq wkh hpsor|hu*v pdujlqdo ydoxh
wkdw M+> o, M+ 3 > o, @ 4
ixqfwlrq mxpsv iurp D+> o, A 3 wr D+3 > o3 , @ 3/ dqg wkh hpsor|hhv* kxpdq fdslwdo iurp M+> o, wr M x = vlqfh
D+> o, e| htxdwlrq +:,/
M+> o, @ M x . 4
5 Wr
M+> o, M+ 3 > o3 , @ +M x .
D+> o, M x , @
+D+> o, D+3 > o3 ,, =
4
4
Khqfh/ doo srvvleoh wudqvlwlrqv lpso| wkdw kxpdq fdslwdo orvvhv hqwdlohg e| h{rjhqrxv glvdsshdudqfh ri pdwfk
vxusoxv duh d sursruwlrq @+4 , ri wkh hpsor|hu*v orvv ri pdujlqdo ydoxh1 Zhljkwlqj doo vxfk wudqvlwlrqv
e| wkhlu suredelolw| htxdwlrq +<, iroorzv1
.
*|T*)?} i^@|L? E2 M) q @?_ i^@|L? Ee M)  qc hiUL}?3?} |@|
Y EE,
YE
' E ,c
Y,
Y,
@?_ tM|h@U|?} |ih4M)|ih4c |i hi*@|L?tTt ? E.c EHc @?_ Eb 4T*) |@| @** uLh@h_
*LL!?} |ih4t U@?Ui* L| Oi?Uic
YE,c #
, n E q oa Ef
E,c # ' q ZE,c # Y,
@| @?) €h4 TLt|?} TLt|i @U@?Uitc ?_iTi?_i?|*) Lu |i ThLM@M*t|U t|hU|hi Lu |i i L}i?Lt @h!L ThLUitt _h?} *@MLh _i4@?_ @?_ Lu |i ThLUitt |hL} U ?i4T*L)i_
Lh!iht @hi 4@|Ui_ |L @U@?U)TLt|?} €h4t `@}i h@|it @hi tU @t |L tT*| |i 4@h}?@*
thT*t ? Uhhi?| L |ih4t Mi|ii? |i i4T*L)ih @?_ i@U Lu |i i4T*L)iit i?iih
4@|UtTiU€U hi?|t @hi TLt|i ? i TiU|i_ Thiti?| @*i |ih4t t ? ih|L*@ @?_ @
M@**ihL Ebbe @?_ 5|L*i @?_ ~iMi* EbbSc UL?|?Lt hi?i}L|@|L? Lu @}it 4T*it |@|
|i i4T*L)ih E*!i @?) 4L?LTtL?t| tL*_ |@!i ?|L @UUL?| |i 4T*U@|L?t Lu @__|L?@*
i4T*L)4i?| uLh ?uh@4@h}?@* @}i T@)4i?|t i? |i @}i T@_ M) @ @U@?U)TLt|?} €h4
_Lit _iTi?_ L? |i Uhhi?| i4T*L)4i?| *ii* Oi?Uic |i |ih4 dYE*Y,o , t ?i||i_ L| Lu
|i i4T*L)ih<t L thT*t t@hi ? Efc |L )i*_ @ ?L?L4L}i?iLt Lh_?@h) _gihi?|@*
i^@|L? uLh i@U @*i Lu #
W? U@?L?U@* uLh4c |i i^@|L? hi@_t
% E, n %E,RE, n ^E, ' fc
ihi %E, ' E,c # _i?L|it |i ?!?L? i?_L}i?Lt @}i u?U|L?( RE, q, ( @?_ |i
u?U|L? ^E, EZE,c # n E q oa *q*, t T@h@4i|hU@**) }i? M) |i 4L_i*<t iUL?L4U
t|hU|hi ) |i 4i|L_ Lu @h@|L? Lu T@h@4i|ihtc @** tL*|L?t @hi ? |i uLh4
] ,
^E
%E, ' S _ 5E,c
f 5E
uLh S @ UL?t|@?| Lu ?|i}h@|L? @?_ 5E @ tL*|L? Lu |i L4L}i?iLt _gihi?|@* i^@|L?
_5E,
n RE,5E, ' f
_,
6 Vhh/
h1j1/ Lqfh +4<89,/ s1541 Zh duh judwhixo wr d uhihuhh iru eulqjlqj wklv irupxod wr rxu dwwhqwlrq1 Zh
dovr ehqhwhg iurp uhdglqj Fdkxf dqg Zdvphu*v +5333, glvfxvvlrq lq wkh vhdufk0dqg0pdwfklqj frqwh{w ri
srlqwv pdgh e| Vwroh dqg ]zlheho +4<<9,1
H
5?Ui RE, q, c L4L}i?iLt tL*|L?t @hi ThLTLh|L?@* |L 5E, ' ,3*q c @?_ _ih}i |L
?€?|) @t , @TThL@Uit 3ihL Oi?Uic | 4t| Mi |i U@ti |@| S ' fc uLh L|ihti @}i h@|it
L*_ MiUL4i ?ML?_i_ i? t4@** i4T*L)4i?| *ii*t @hi UL?t_ihi_
Atc i4T*L)4i?| *ii*t @?_ @}it @hi hi*@|i_ @UULh_?} |L
] ,
3q
E
q
oa
3*q
_
q ZEc # n
E,c # ' %E, ' ,
q
f
] ,
3q
3*q
' ,
q ZEc #_ n E q oa E
f
@| @** €h4t TLt|?} TLt|i @U@?Uit EWu @ €h4 TLt|t ?L @U@?Uitc |i @}i Lu |t
i4T*L)iitQu @?)Q4t| Mi tU @t |L *i| |i4 Mi ?_gihi?| |L tiT@h@|L? ?|L ?i4
T*L)4i?|c @t ? i^@|L? ED `i t@** i?UL?|ih @?_ _tUtt tU *@MLhL@h_?} t|@|L?t
? 5iU|L?t 2 @?_ Mi*L
Ai €ht| |ih4 L? |i h}|@?_ t_i E @ih@}it |i 4@h}?@* ThL_U||it Lu ?
uh@4@h}?@* Lh!iht | }iL4i|hU@**) ?Uhi@t?} Eu q *2 Lh _iUhi@t?} i}|t t
@U @?_ `@t4ih E2fff TL?| L|c |t uLh4*@ t @ }i?ih@*3@|L? |L |i U@ti q 9' *2
Lu |@| _ihi_ M) 5|L*i @?_ ~iMi* EbbS ?_ih |i @tt4T|L? |@| ThL_U|L? th
T*t t ii?*) tT*| M) |i i4T*L)ih | i@U i4T*L)iic @?_ |@| i4T*L)iit T@h|UT@|?}
? tU ?i}L|@|L?t @i @UUitt |L @ hitih@|L? @}i @?_ @hi hhiT*@Ui@M*i W? |i _)
?@4U ti@hU@?_4@|U?} UL?|i | i UL?t_ihc |i ULt|*) @?_ |4iUL?t4?} ?@|hi Lu
|i @U@?U)TLt|?} |iU?L*L}) ?_ii_ Thii?|t |i €h4 uhL4 *LU@|?} hiT*@Ui4i?| Lh!iht
@| |i t@4i E?t|@?|@?iLt T@Ui Lu UL?|?Lt hi?i}L|@|L?tc @?_ |i hitih@|L? @}i t
|i L i^@*i?| Lu @? ?i4T*L)i_ Lh!ih<t @tti| @*ic oa c U _iTi?_t i?_L}i?Lt*)
L? |i t|hU|hi Lu |i *@MLh 4@h!i| Ai t3i Lu |i ?t_ih TLL* T@h|UT@|?} ? tU
?i}L|@|L?tc Liihc t ?L| i L}i?Lt*) }i?G h@|ihc | t _i|ih4?i_ i?_L}i?Lt*) M)
|i €h4<t T@t| t|Lh) Lu uLh@h_*LL!?} _iUtL?t |L TLt| @U@?Uit
Ai i ThittL? E uLh |i @}i ?i}L|@|i_ M) |i €h4 | i@U Lu |t i4T*L)iit
t ?_iTi?_i?| Lu , u ZE t _i?|U@**) UL?t|@?| | hitTiU| |L |t €ht| @h}4i?|c @?_
| t @ _iUhi@t?} u?U|L? Lu , u 4@h}?@* Ei?Uic @ih@}i *@MLh ThL_U||) _iU*?it @t
i4T*L)4i?| ?Uhi@tit At 4@) @| €ht| t}| @TTi@h |L Mi @| L__t | T*i?|u* i_i?Ui Lu
@ TLt|i @}it3i igiU| W? @| uL**Ltc i t|_) t4T*i T@h@4i|ih3@|L?t Lu |t }i?ih@*
4L_i*?} t|hU|hic @?_ _tUtt L i T*U| UL?t_ih@|L? Lu i?_L}i?Lt *@MLh _i4@?_
TL*Uit 4@) tTTLh| |t hi@*t4
b
5TiU@*3i_ 4L_i*t
Ah??} |L |i 4L_i*<t 4T*U@|L?t uLh |i hi*@|L?tT Mi|ii? €h4 t3it @?_ @}itc i
?ii_ |L hiUL}?3i |@| €h4tTiU€U i4T*L)4i?| *ii*t @hi |i4ti*it i?_L}i?Lt ,i? ?
U@tit ihi uLh i@U @*i Lu # |i @}i tUi_*i ? E t @@*@M*i ? U*Lti_ uLh4c ?
u@U|c |i LMtihi_ L?| _t|hM|L? Lu i4T*L)4i?| @?_ @}i *ii*t t @ 4 |hi Lu tU
@}i tUi_*it uLh _gihi?| *@MLh _i4@?_ tLU!t Ai U@h@U|ih Lu tU 4 ?} T*@)t @
UhU@* hL*i ? }i?ih@|?} @ TLt|i hi*@|L?tT Mi|ii? i4T*L)ih t3it @?_ @}i h@|it ?
|i Thiti?Ui Lu UL?t|@?| Lh _iUhi@t?} @}i tUi_*it @| i@U €h4
+iU@** |@| _h?} TihL_t i? ?L t|@|i |h@?t|L? LUUht i@U €h4<t i4T*L)4i?| iL*it
@UULh_?} |L E @t @ hit*| Lu i L}i?Lt ^|t ?|L ?i4T*L)4i?| @| h@|i 4 @?_ Lu |i
i4T*L)ih<t h?} @U||) AL UL4T*i|i*) U@h@U|ih3i |i 4L_i*c L?i L*_ ?tih| E @?_
|i @}i i ThittL? uhL4 E ? |i @tti|@*@|L? i^@|L? E2c |L LM|@? @ t)t|i4 Lu
_gihi?|@* i^@|L?t ? E,s c # s c | UhLtti^@|L? *?!@}it 4T*i_ M) |i ThLM@M*t|U
t|hU|hi Lu i L}i?Lt @h!L |h@?t|L?t @UhLtt *@MLh _i4@?_ t|@|it tL*|L? Lu |t
t)t|i4 Lu u?U|L?@* i^@|L?t L*_ ? |h? 4@!i | TLttM*i |L U@h@U|ih3i |i 4T*U@|L?t
Lu LT|4@* *@MLh _i4@?_ TL*Uit uLh |i i?_L}i?Lt _t|hM|L? Lu i4T*L)4i?| *ii*t `i
_L ?L| @||i4T| |L U@h@U|ih3i tL*|L?t Lu |i U*@tt Lu 4L_i*t L|*?i_ @MLi ? tU }i?ih@*
|ih4t +@|ihc i TLt|TL?i @ Mhiu _tUttL? Lu ?4ihU@* 4i|L_t |L 5iU|L? Mi*Lc
@?_ uLUt @||i?|L? L? tTiU@* U@tit Uc *i @_4||i_*) u@h uhL4 hi@*t|Uc _L Lgih t4T*i
|iLhi|U@* hit*|t |L Mi UL?uhL?|i_ | i4ThU@* i_i?Ui L? |i @}it3i _t|hM|L?
AL tii U ui@|hit Lu |i }i?ih@* 4L_i*?} TihtTiU|i 4@) Mi hi*i@?| |L tU i
_i?Uic | t tiu* |L UL?t_ih |i *L?}h? 4T*U@|L?t Lu |i i4T*L)4i?| _)?@4Ut ?
E 5i||?} , ' f ? Ec uLh i@U @*i Lu # i4T*L)4i?| }hL| Ui@tit i? |i €h4<t
i4T*L)4i?| t ,s ' 7, tU |@|
i2 E7,c # ' S47,
E2
? |i M@tt Lu |t t4T*i hi*@|L?tTc | t i@t) |L _i?|u) T@h@4i|hU UL?€}h@|L?t U
@hi ?L| UL?_Ui |L @ i**_i€?i_ _i?||) uLh |i 4L_i*<t €h4t Wu |i 4@h}?@* @tti| @*i
E7,c # t ?_iTi?_i?| Lu ,c |i? @? i^@|L? ? |i uLh4 E2 U@? i?_L}i?Lt*) _i|ih4?i
|i €h4<t i4T*L)4i?| *ii* L?*) u 4 : f L?ihti*)c u |ihi t ?L i L}i?Lt |h?Lih
E4 ' fc |i? |i 4L_i* U@? i?_L}i?3i i@U €h4<t i4T*L)4i?| L?*) u E7,c # _Lit _iTi?_
L? |t €ht| @h}4i?|
Ai |L tMtiU|L?t |@| uL**L i @4?i t4T*i T@h@4i|ih3@|L?t Lu tU tTiU@* U@tit
`i *i| |i _Lt)?Uh@|U tu|ih # |@!i ? TLttM*i @*it i# jc | #  : # 2 : : # ? f
#i?L|?} | B |i ThLM@M*|) ?|i?t|) Lu @ |h@?t|L? L| Lu t|@|i c i *i| |i hL iU|Lh
RO& ' dR& o UL**iU| |i ThLM@M*|it Lu hi@U?} i@U Lu |i L|ih t|@|it TL? @ |h@?t|L? L|
S
Lu t|@|i & E| ?' R& c @?_ R&& f W| ** MiUL4i @TT@hi?| ? 5iU|L? |@|
@ u**) }i?ih@* t|hU|hi Lu |h@?t|L?t @UhLtt ThL_U||) *ii*t L*_ }hi@|*) UL4T*U@|i
|i @*}iMh@c itTiU@**) @t hi}@h_t |i UL4T|@|L? Lu |i 4L_i*<t i?_L}i?Lt i4T*L)iht3i
_t|hM|L? Atc i ?|@**) hit|hU| |i RO& ThLM@M*|) iU|Lht |L @||@U ?| i}| |L
' ? E|i t|@|i @ttLU@|i_ | |i *Lit| TLttM*i @*i Lu # uLh & : ?c @?_ @**L L?*) RO?
|L ui@|hi ?L?3ihL |h@?t|L? ThLM@M*|it |L @** |i }ih *@MLh_i4@?_ t|@|itG ? Lh_tc
i @tt4i |@| @** ?i}@|i ??L@|L?t |L |i i#j ThLUitt Mh?} |i €h4<t *@MLh _i4@?_ |L
|t *Lit| *ii*c *i TLt|i ??L@|L?t @hi TLttM*i L?*) uhL4 |i *@||ih

L?t|@?| hi|h?t |L tU@*i ? ThL_U|L?
Ai €ht| 4L_i* i UL?t_ih @tt4it UL?t|@?| hi|h?t |L *@MLh @| |i €h4<t *ii* `|L|
*Ltt Lu }i?ih@*|)c *i| ZE,c # ' # `@}i h@|it @| €h4t | _gihi?| ThL_U||) *ii*t @hi
hi@_*) UL4T|i_ uhL4 |i hi*i@?| tTiU@*3@|L? Lu Ec
E,c # ' q# n E q oa c
E
@?_ @hi ^|i ?||i*) UL?t|@?| | hitTiU| |L i4T*L)4i?|
Ai @tti|@*@|L? i^@|L?t E2 uLh |i 4@h}?@* @*i Lu *@MLhc ihi .s do ?ii_ L?*)
@UUL?| uLh |i TLttM*|) Lu @ |h@?t|L? |L |i *Lit| TLttM*i *@MLh ThL_U||) ?_U@|Lhc
hi@_
Eo n 4 n B E, c # ' E q E# oa n B E,? c #? c
' c c ? 
Ee
Ah@?t|L?t L| Lu t|@|i ? U@? |@!i |i €h4 |L @?) L|ih t|@|i c @?_ |i ?L@hM|h@}i
UL?_|L? uLh @ €h4 ? t|@|i ?
q
r
O f c
Eo n 4 n B ? ? ' 4@ E q E# ? oa n B ? RO? c
hiUL}?3it |@| |i 4@h}?@* @*i Lu i4T*L)?} @?) Lh!iht 4@) Mi ?i}@|i @| |i *Lit|
ThL_U||) €h4tc |L 4T*) |@| i4T*L)iht tL*_ LT|4@**) €hi @** Lh!iht TL? hiUi?}
@ ?i}@|i tLU!
Aiti hi*@|L?tTt uLh4 @ t4T*i t)t|i4 Lu i^@|L?t ? |i t|@|itTiU€U 4@h}?@* @tti|
O ' i c 2 c c ? jc
@*it 
+
' 4@
,
O
E q E# oa n B RO c f c
o n 4 n B
ED
U _iTi?_ L?*) L? i@U €h4<t Uhhi?| ThL_U||) @?_c ? T@h|U*@hc @hi ?_iTi?_i?|
Lu i4T*L)4i?| *ii*t Atc 4@h}?@* ThL_Uih thT*t t ?hi*@|i_ |L |i i4T*L)ih<t t3ic
@?_ LMt | |i t@4i ThL_U||) 4}| @t i** Mi tThi@_ ? |i iUL?L4) @| *@h}i h@|ih
|@? Lh}@?3i_ ? _i?|€@M*i €h4t
Ai €h4t i 4L_i*c Liihc ti @ _iUhi@t?}hi|h?t @U@?U)TLt|?} |iU?L*L}) t
*L?} @t ?@|h@* |h?Lih LUUht @| @ t|hU|*) TLt|i h@|ic ?Uhi@t?} @U@?U)TLt|?} ULt|t
4T*) |@| @ €h4<t t|@|L?@h) i4T*L)4i?| *ii*c @t _i€?i_ M) E2c t *itt |@? ?_i€?|i*)
*@h}i uLh i@U }i? #G @| @ €h4 Lti ThL_U||) t # c i4T*L)4i?| ?Uhi@tit Lh _iUhi@tit
@UULh_?} |L i|ih | t t4@**ih Lh *@h}ih |@? 7, ' i2 *S4
Wu ? : fc |i *L?}h? i4T*L)4i?| *ii* Lu *LThL_U||) €h4t t TLt|ic @?_ ?L
i4T*L)ih?|@|i_ tiT@h@|L?t iih LUUhG UL?|?@|L? Lu @** i t|?} 4@|Uit t iUi?|c
t?Ui ? : f 4T*it |@| |i i4T*L)ih TLt|t @U@?Uit @?_ Lh!iht hiUii @}it ? i Uitt
Lu |i L i^@*i?| oa Lu i?|ih?} ?i4T*L)4i?| EU |i) 4@) L?*) _L @t @ hit*| Lu
|i 4@|UtTiU€U ii?|t 4L_i*i_ M) i L}i?Lt tiT@h@|L?t @| h@|i 4 ,4T*L)4i?| t L?*)
hi_Ui_ ?@t4U @t |i LM _it|hU|L? ?_Ui_ M) ?@|h@* |h?Lih i Uii_t LM Uhi@|L?
?_Ui_ M) @U@?U) TLt|?}
Wu ?t|i@_ |i *L ThL_U||) *ii* # ? @?_%Lh |i ThLM@M*|) ?|i?t|) Lu i | uhL4 |@|
t|@|i @hi tL *L @t |L 4T*) |@| ? ' fc ?L TLt|i i4T*L)4i?| *ii* U@? Mi t|@|L?@h) @|
€h4t ? |i *Lit| ThL_U||) t|@|i W? |h?c |t 4T*it |@| @** i4T*L)iit @hi €hi_ i?
@ €h4 hiUiit @ ?i}@|i tLU! W? |t U@tic |i tL*|L? Lu |i t)t|i4 ED hi@_t
? ' fc
' E q
# oa c ' c c ? c
o n 4 n B
ES
@?_ | t ?L| _U*| |L UL4T|i |i t|i@_)t|@|i t3i _t|hM|L? Lu i4T*L)4i?| *ii*t Etii
TTi?_ `i ThLUii_ |L **t|h@|i |i U@h@U|ih Lu |i tL*|L? ? |i UL?|i | Lu @ ?4ihU@* i ihUtic T@h@4i|ih3i_ @t ? A@M*i c @?_ |L _tUtt |t }i?ih@* 4T*U@|L?t uLh |i L?|
_t|hM|L? Lu €h4 i4T*L)4i?| @?_ @}it 6}hi  T*L|t |i t3i _t|hM|L? Lu €h4t E_i
hi_ ? |i TTi?_ @UhLtt TLt|ii4T*L)4i?| €h4tc T@h||L??} |i _i?t|) @UULh_?}
|L *@MLh_i4@?_ t|@|it UL?tt|i?| | i@U i4T*L)4i?| *ii* ,@U tU T@h||L? hi@Uit
2
3ihL @| |i TL?| ihi |i @U@?Uit TLt|i_ M) €h4t ? |i ULhhitTL?_?} t|@|i t| Lgti|
?@|h@* |h?Lih
AL **t|h@|i |i 4L_i*<t 4T*U@|L?t uLh |i @}it3i hi*@|L?tTc 6}hi 2 _tT*@)t
|i |iLhi|U@* @}i u?U|L?t Lu i^@|L? E |L}i|ih | |i i @U| i TiU|@|L? Lu @}it
UL?_|L?@* L? i4T*L)4i?|c | @ tU@||ih Lu L?|i @h*L _@|@ _h@? uhL4 |i *L?}h?
_t|hM|L? Lu i4T*L)4i?| @?_ Mt?itt UL?_|L?tc @?_ | @ *?i@h hi}hittL? *?i it|
4@|i_ L? tU _@|@ Ai 4L_i* LMLt*) 4T*it @ TLt|i hi*@|L?tT Mi|ii? @}it @?_
i4T*L)4i?| L?_|L?@* i TiU|@|L?t @hi ?L?*?i@h Mi|ii? |i _gihi?| t|@|it< *L?}h?
i4T*L)4i?| *ii*tc M| |i *?i@h hi}hittL? @TThL 4@|i_ i** |i U@h@U|ih Lu |i @}it3i
hi*@|L?tT ? |t 4L_i* W?||i*)c }ih *ii*t Lu *@MLh ThL_U||) @hi @ttLU@|i_ |
4Lhi ?|i?ti @U@?U)TLt|?} @U||)c i?Ui u@t|ih i4T*L)4i?| }hL| |L@h_t €h4tTiU€U
t|@|L?@h) i4T*L)4i?| *ii*tc
2
E
qE#
oa
i
7, '
c
o n 4 n B
4S
U @hi ?Uhi@t?} ? # @?_c |ihiuLhic TLt|i*) hi*@|i_ |L @}it t ?Uhi@t?}*) *@h}i
i4T*L)4i?| *ii*t @hi UL?t_ihi_c €h4t T@)?} ?Uhi@t?}*) } @}it @hi ti*iU|i_ |?
|i t|i@_)t|@|i _t|hM|L? 6h|ihc @}i i|ihL}i?i|) _iUhi@tit @t ?Uhi@t?}*) *@h}i
i4T*L)4i?| *ii*t @hi UL?t_ihi_ @?_ €h4t | *L # @*it @hi ti*iU|i_ L| Lu |i UhLtt
tiU|L?@* _t|hM|L? Oi?Uic |t t4T*i 4L_i* 4T*it ?L| L?*) |@| 4i@? Lu @}it tL*_
?Uhi@tic M| @*tL |@| |ih @h@?Ui tL*_ _iUhi@ti | i4T*L)ih t3i L| 4T*U@|L?t
@hi UL?tt|i?| | i4ThU@* i_i?Ui
Ai 4L_i*c Liihc t *itt hi@*t|U ? L|ih hitTiU|t W? T@h|U*@hc |? |i *@MLh 4@h
!i| **t|h@|i_ M) 6}hi 2 i4T*L)4i?| ?Uhi@tit @| @** UL?|??} €h4tc @?_ @** _t4tt@*t
@hi |i hit*| Lu T*@?| U*Lthit Ah@?t|L?t @UhLtt TLt|i@*i t|@|it L*_ Lu ULhti Mi
TLttM*i uLh 4Lhi }i?ih@* ThLM@M*t|U t|hU|hitc M| i4T*L)4i?| L*_ ?L| Mi hi_Ui_ M)
€h?} _iUtL?tG ? tU @ UL?€}h@|L? Lu |i 4L_i*c i4T*L)iht hiUi?} ?i}@|i tLU!t
L*_ @_t| |ih @U@?U)TLt|?} @U||)c @?_ i Tihi?Ui i4T*L)4i?| hi_U|L? L?*) ?
tLu@h @t h?} u@**t tLh| Lu ?@|h@* |h?Lih TLt|i @}it3i @ttLU@|L? UL*_ t|**
Mi i TiU|i_c M| @ ?i}@|i hi*@|L?tT Mi|ii? i4T*L)ih t3i @?_ @}i _tTihtL? L*_
?L| Mi @ ?@|h@* 4T*U@|L? Lu |i 4L_i* Ai 4L_i* i UL?t_ih ?i | @t ^|i _gihi?|
4T*U@|L?t ? tU hitTiU|tc @*tL @gLh_t @ U*Lti_uLh4 tL*|L?c @?_ ThL_it @ ^@*|@|i*)
hi@*t|U U@h@U|ih3@|L? Lu i?_L}i?Lt hi*@|L?tTt Mi|ii? i4T*L)ih t3i @?_ @}it

2
#iUhi@t?} hi|h?t |L *@MLh
W? |i tiUL?_ tTiU@* T@h@4i|ih3@|L? Lu |i 4L_i*c i h*i L| ?@|h@* |h?Lih M) ti||?}
4 ' f @?_c |L i?thi |i i t|i?Ui Lu i**_i€?i_c €?|i*) t3i_ €h4tc i uL**L ih|L*@
@?_ @M@**ihL Ebbe ? *i||?} *@MLh<t 4@h}?@* hii?i ThL_U| Mi @ *?i@h*) _iUhi@t?}
u?U|L? Lu i4T*L)4i?|c
ZE,c # ' # j,
E.
Ai ?|i}h@* ? i^@|L? E U@? @}@? Mi tL*i_ i T*U|*) |L LM|@? @ U@h@U|ih3@|L? Lu
@}it T@_ M) h?} €h4t ? |ih4t Lu |ih i4T*L)4i?| *ii* , @?_ Uhhi?| *@MLh _i4@?_
t|hi?}| # G
E,c # ' ,
3*q
] ,
f
3q
q
E# j n E q oa *q_
' q# n E q oa q
j,
nq
EH
At @}i tUi_*ic @*tL _ihi_ M) ih|L*@ @?_ @M@**ihL Ebbec 4T*it |@| |i @}i
T@_ M) @ h?} €h4 t _iU*??} ? |t t3i t @t |i U@ti ? |i UL?|i | Lu |i t4T*ih
4L_i* t|_i_ @MLic Liihc |t @}i tUi_*i U@? Mi UL?tt|i?| | i4ThU@* i_i?Ui
Lu @ TLt|i @}it3i igiU| i? |i L?|*) i?_L}i?Lt ?@|hi Lu @}i @?_ i4T*L)4i?|
*ii*t t ThLTih*) |@!i? ?|L @UUL?| `@}it ?L| L?*) _iUhi@ti | i4T*L)4i?|c M| @*tL
?Uhi@ti | |i _Lt)?Uh@|U tu|ih # G @| @?) }i? i4T*L)4i?| *ii*c €h4t | t|hL?}ih
*@MLh _i4@?_ T@) }ih @}it ? @? i?hL?4i?| ihi 4@|U?} t ULt|*) @?_ thT*t t
t@hi_ | Uhhi?| i4T*L)iit 5?Ui }ih ThL_U||) ?_Uit i4T*L)iht |L TLt| 4Lhi
@U@?Uitc @?_ tTii_t T i4T*L)4i?| }hL|c } @}it U@? hi@_*) Mi @ttLU@|i_ |
} i4T*L)4i?| *ii*t
AL t|_) |t 4iU@?t4 uLh4@**) ? |i Thiti?| UL?|i |c i ?ii_ |L UL4T|i |i i4
T*L)ih<t @tti| @*it At t @ ^|i UL4T*i |@t! ? }i?ih@*c M| t hi*@|i*) t4T*i ?_ih
|i @tt4T|L?t Lu |t tiU|L? hU@**)c |i *?i@h uLh4 Lu |i 4@h}?@* ThL_U||)
u?U|L? @?_ Lu |i @}i tUi_*i EH 4T*it |@|
Y EE,
j
' E q # oa ,
ZE Y,
nq
t @*tL *?i@h ? , 6h|ihc ? |i @Mti?Ui Lu i L}i?Lt *@MLh |h?Lihc i U@? hiT*@Ui ,
2
| iS E ? E2 6?@**)c t?Ui @** |h@?t|L?t uhL4 t|@|it c c ?  Mh?} €h4t |L |i
e
*Lit|ThL_U||) t|@|i ?_i i_ M) ?c |i i ThittL? uLh i TiU|i_ tLU!?_Ui_ U@T|@*
}@?t t t4T*iG
.s d{Eo ' B d4@ iE,c #? c fj E,c # o c ' c c ? 
W? Lh_tc €h4t U @hi Uhhi?|*) ? t|@|i 4}| ? Th?UT*i €?_ | LT|4@* |L hi|@?
|ih Uhhi?| *@MLh uLhUi , TL? hiUi?} @ ?i}@|i *@MLh _i4@?_ tLU!c M| tL*_ €hi
@t ?ii_i_ |L i?thi |@| E# ? c , 9 f 5?Ui tU |h@?t|L?t @hi |i L?*) TLttM*i tLhUi
Lu ?i4T*L)4i?| ?Lt ? |i Thiti?| UL?|i |c €h4t hiUi?} ?i}@|i *@MLh _i4@?_
tLU!t 4t| ?_ii_ €hi ? |i t|@|L?@h) UL?€}h@|L? Lu |i *@MLh 4@h!i|c |L 4T*) |@|
E# ? c , ' f
Atc |i @tti|@*@|L? i^@|L?t Lu €h4t ? t|@|it ' c c ?  hi@_
j
Y E,c # i2
, n E,c # Eb
Eo n B E,c # ' E q # oa nq
S
Y,
@?_c @t ? ih|L*@ @?_ @M@**ihL Ebbec @i tL*|L?t ? |i uLh4
E ' @ n K ,c
SEo n B 
K KEB '
2
2i2
@ @E# c B '
v
S2 Eo n B 2 eSE qj
n 2
fc
ie
i E n q
E qE# oa 2
o n B iS K
c
E2f
u _ih}i?| L4L}i?Lt |ih4t @hi h*i_ L|
Ai t4T*i *?i@h uLh4 Lu 4@h}?@* @*i u?U|L?t @| @U@?U)TLt|?} €h4t 4@!it | i@t)
|L U@h@U|ih3i |i hi*@|L?tT Mi|ii? |i @}i @?_ i4T*L)4i?| *ii* Lu @ €h4 U t
?L| h?}c @?_ t ?_gihi?| |L €h?} |i 4@h}?@* i4T*L)ii 5?Ui E# ? c ,? ' fc Uhhi?|
4@h}?@* U@t Lt @?_ i TiU|i_ U@T|@* }@?t L? |i 4@h}?@* i4T*L)ii 4t| i @U|*) Lgti|
i@U L|ih @| tU @ €h4 6Lh4@**)c
# ? j,? E,? c #? YE,? c # ? ,? n B ? OR? E,? cO# ' fc
Y,
E2
ihi ,? t |i i4T*L)4i?| *ii* Lu @ €h4 |@| t TLt|?} ?L @U@?Uit( |i UL*4? iU|Lh
E,? c O# UL**iU|t |i 4@h}?@* t@_L @*it Lu |i €h4<t Uhhi?| i4T*L)4i?| t|LU! TL?
|h@?t|L?t |L L|ih Eh?} t|@|itc U LUUh | ThLM@M*|) ?|i?t|) B ? ( @?_ |i hL
iU|Lh OR? UL?|@?t |i |h@?t|L? ThLM@M*|it uhL4 t|@|i ? |L |i L|ih t|@|it
Wu €h4t ihi E,? c # ? ' f @i t|hU|*) TLt|i i4T*L)4i?| E,? : fc |i? |i T@h
|UT@|L? UL?t|h@?| ED @TT*it @?_ |i @}i E,? c # ? tL*_ Mi tU |@| i4T*L)iit @hi
D
@t i** Lg i? hi|@?i_ @t |i) L*_ Mi ? ?i4T*L)4i?| W? |i ii?| Lu TLt|i *@
MLh _i4@?_ tLU!tc U }i?ih@|i iUL?L4U hi?|t uLh i t|?} 4@|Uit i? |i 4@|U?}
ThLUitt t ULt|*) @?_ |4iUL?t4?}c Uhhi?| i4T*L)iit Lu @ €h4 |@| t TLt|?} ?L @
U@?Uit U@? ?i}L|@|i @ @}i ?Uhi@ti @?_ t@hi ? |ih i4T*L)ih<t }LL_ *U! Atc |i
4@? U@T|@* Lu L@h_i_ Lh!iht ?U*_it i TiU|i_ U@T|@* }@?tc @4L?|?} |L |i t@*
ThLTLh|L? q*E q Lu |ih i4T*L)ih<t 4@h}?@* }@?t W? L |ih4tc |i L@h_i_ Lh!ih<t
i^*Mh4 hi^hi4i?| hi@_t
oa ' E,? c # ? n
q
B ? OR? E,? cO#c
q
E22
ihi E,? c O# ' O@ n OK,? uLh O@ ' d@ o @?_ OK ' dK o @hi |i UL*4? iU|Lht UL**iU|?} |i
?|ihUiT|t @?_ t*LTit Lu |i @hLt h?} t|@|it< 4@h}?@* t@_L @*i u?U|L?t uhL4
E2f Ai *iu|@?_ t_i Lu E22 t UL?t|@?| ? t|i@_) t|@|ic @?_ |L|@* _gihi?|@|L? )i*_t
q
YE,cO# q
YE,c # ? '
B ? OR?
'
B ? OR?OK &? : f
Y,
q
Y,
q
E2
Atc i U@? h|i
E,? c # ? ' ? n &? ,? uLh ? ' oa q
B ? RO? @EO# c OB
q
E2e
w!i EHc |t t4T*i hi*@|L?tT Lgiht ?t}|t Lu tL4i }i?ih@*|) 5?Ui @}it T@_ M)
h?} €h4t @hi ?i}@|i*) hi*@|i_ |L |ih i4T*L)4i?| *ii*c Lh!iht L@h_i_ M) @ €h?}
€h4 U@? *LL! uLh@h_ |L *@h}ih U@T|@* }@?t i? |ih i4T*L)ih<t *@MLh uLhUi t t4@**ih
Oi?Uic @ t4@**ih @}i L tUit |L !iiT uiih Lh!iht i4T*L)i_ M) @ €h?} €h4c @?_
i? U@h@U|ih3?} |i i^*Mh4 | t ?iUitt@h) |L |@!i ?|L @UUL?| |i u@U| |@| @}it
T@_ M) tU €h4t @hi @ TLt|i*) t*LTi_ u?U|L? Lu |ih i4T*L)4i?| *ii*e
Nt?} E2e ? E2 @?_ hiU@**?} |i _i€?|L? Lu &? ? E2 )i*_t
# ? n B ? OR? @EO# c OB
,? ' ?
j n nq q &?
E2D
At UL4T*i|it |i U*Lti_uLh4 tL*|L? Lu |i tTiU@* U@ti ihi @** ?i}@|i tLU!t Mh?}
@ €h4<t *@MLh _i4@?_ |L |t *Lit| TLttM*i *ii*c @?_ TLt|i tLU!t U@? L?*) LUUh uhL4
7 Wklv
lv qhjohfwhg e| Ehuwrod dqg Fdedoohur +4<<7,/ zkr wuhdw wkh zdjh udwh sdlg e| }hur0ydfdqf| upv
dv d frqvwdqw lq wkhlu ghulydwlrqv1
S
|@| t@4i t|@|i 6Lh |t t4T*i ThLM@M*t|U t|hU|hic | t @*tL TLttM*i |L LM|@? U*Lti_
uLh4 tL*|L?t uLh |i t|i@_)t|@|i _t|hM|L? Lu i?_L}i?Lt i4T*L)4i?| @UhLtt €h4t Etii
TTi?_ AL **t|h@|i |i U@h@U|ih Lu |i tL*|L? @?_ _tUtt |t }i?ih@* 4T*U@|L?tc i @}@?
ThLTLti @ T@h@4i|ih3i_ i @4T*i Etii A@M*i  5?Ui |i @_@?|@}i Lu |t 4L_i* Lih
|@| L|*?i_ ? 5iU|L?  t |i @M*|) |L }i?ih@|i hi@*t|U h?} @?_ €h?} M) UL?|??}
€h4tc i *i| |i ThLM@M*t|U t|hU|hi Mi tU @t |L 4T*) |@| 4Lt| €h4t @hi t4@** @?_
tMiU| |L uhi^i?| M| ?L| ih) ThL?L?Ui_ *@MLh _i4@?_ U|@|L?tc @?_ |@| tLU!t @hi
?Uhi@t?}*) ?*!i*) uLh €h4t | }ih @?_ }ih *@MLh _i4@?_ *ii*t Oi?Uic *@h}i €h4t
ih) ti*_L4 i Tihi?Ui t|@|i |h@?t|L?tc U L*_ |@!i |i4 |L |i *Lit| TLttM*i *@MLh
_i4@?_ *ii* @?_ U@ti |ih i4T*L)4i?| *ii* |L UL**@Tti At t|hU|hi Lu E?LMtih@M*i
ThL_U||) tLU!t ThLM@M*|it Thii?|t ?|i?ti |h?Lih @| *@h}i €h4tc i?th?} |@| |i
4L_i* t ^@*|@|i*) UL?tt|i?| | @@*@M*i i_i?Ui L? |i hi*@|L?tT Mi|ii? LM
Lt @?_ €h4 t3i
A@M*i  @*tL hiTLh|t |i i^*Mh4 @*it Lu T *L @?_ a c UL4T|i_ L? |i M@tt Lu |i
ih}L_U _t|hM|L? Lu €h4 t3it @UhLtt *@MLh _i4@?_ *ii*t E|i hi*i@?| @*}iMh@ t L|*?i_
? TTi?_ _tUhi|i 4@tt Lu *@MLh t *LU@|i_ @| 3ihL@U@?U) €h4t EU i4T*L)
@ML| fI Lu |i *@MLh uLhUi uLh |i T@h@4i|iht *t|i_ ? A@M*i c @?_ |i hi4@?_ih Lu
i4T*L)4i?| t _t|hM|i_ UL?|?Lt*) @UhLtt h?} €h4t A@M*i 2 hiTLh|t }hLtt LM Lt
uLh @hLt €h4 t3it Aiti @hi t|@|t|Ut UL4T|i_ L? L?|i @h*L t@4T*it _h@? uhL4
|i @?@*)|U *L?}h? _t|hM|L? UL4T|i_ ? |i TTi?_ c @?_ Lti UL?|?Lt TLh|L?
t **t|h@|i_ ? 6}hi Ai T@h@4i|iht ? A@M*i  4T*) @ t|hU|hi Lu LM Lt UL?tt
|i?| | |i i4ThU@* i_i?Ui L? LM Lt @?_ €h4 t3i hiTLh|i_ ? ,# Ebbe i|
i4T*L)4i?| U@?}it E|i _gihi?Ui Mi|ii? LM Uhi@|L? @?_ _it|hU|L? @hi ?i}@|i*)
hi*@|i_ |L €h4 t3ic t?Ui |i t|i@_)t|@|i t|@|L? Lu ?|ihit| ui@|hit 4i@?hiih|?} i4
T*L)4i?| _)?@4Ut Ai €h4 t3i _t|hM|L? }i?ih@|i_ M) Lh 4L_i* @?_ T@h@4i|iht t
hL}*) UL?tt|i?| | |i i_i?Ui hiTLh|i_ ? |i ,# t|_)G uLh i @4T*ic |i t4@**it|
t3i U@|i}Lh) @UUL?|t uLh @ |h_ Lu i4T*L)4i?| ? Lh |@M*ic @?_ |i i4T*L)4i?| t@hi
Lu €h4t | *itt |@? 2f i4T*L)iit h@?}it uhL4 2.I ? @?@_@ |L 4Lhi |@? efI ? i
~i@*@?_ ? |i ,# |@M*it Lhi ?|ihit|?}*)c i tii ? |i A@M*i |@| LM hi@**LU@|L?
E|i t4 Lu LM Uhi@|L? @?_ _it|hU|L? _iU*?it t@hT*) @t @ u?U|L? Lu t3ic U t @*tL
UL?tt|i?| | @@*@M*i i_i?Ui h 4L_i* @?_ T@h@4i|iht }i?ih@|i i4T*L)4i?| t|@M*
|) uLh *@h}i €h4t ? |i uLh4 Lu ?hi@*t|U@**) *@h}ic u ?*!i*)c LM _it|hU|L? ii?|t ?
@ih@}ic Liihc |i 4L_i*}i?ih@|i_ LM Lt @hi ^@*|@|i*) UL?tt|i?| | @@*@M*i
.
i_i?Ui
6}hi e **t|h@|it |i 4L_i*<t 4T*U@|L?t uLh |i @}it3i hi*@|L?tTc T*L||?} |i
_L?@h_t*LT?} @}i%i4T*L)4i?| tUi_*it uLh |i @hLt TLttM*i *ii*t Lu *@MLh _i
4@?_ 5?Ui i@U h?} €h4<t i4T*L)4i?| @?_ @}it iL*i @*L?} @ t|@?_@h_ _L?@h_
t*LT?} _i4@?_ Uhic @ hi}hittL? ihi |i t|hi?}| # Lu *@MLh _i4@?_ ihi UL?|hL**i_ uLh
L*_ )i*_ @ ?i}@|i hi*@|L?tT Mi|ii? @}it @?_ i4T*L)4i?| Wu # t ?L| LMtih@M*ic
Liihc |i 4L_i* U@? }i?ih@|i @ TLt|i UhLtttiU|L?@* hi*@|L?tT Mi|ii? @}it @?_
i4T*L)4i?| W? 6}hi ec |i t@Ti Lu |i i @U| UL?_|L?@* i TiU|@|L? t h@|ih UL4T*i c
@?_ ?L? *?i@h Ei Mhi) _tUtt ? 5iU|L? e |i TLttM*i i4ThU@* hi@*t4 Lu |t ?L?*?i@h
t@Ti W? |i €}hic L?|i @h*L _@|@ _h@? uhL4 |i *L?}h? _t|hM|L? Lu i4T*L)
4i?| @?_ Mt?itt UL?_|L?t _ihi_ ? |i TTi?_ @hi tU@||ihi_ Lih |i |iLhi|U@*
@}i u?U|L?t Lu i^@|L? EH *t|iht Lu TL?|t @TTi@h @| |i *Lih *4| Lu |i @}i @?_
i4T*L)4i?| _t|hM|L?tc @?_ @*L?} |i _L?@h_t*LT?} @}i *LU _i?|€i_ M) i^@|L?
EH uLh |i @hLt @*it Lu # U ?_Ui h?} Ai |U! T@h_t*LT?} *?i ? |i
€}hi T*L|t Thi_U|i_ @*it uhL4 @? w5 hi}hittL? Lu @}it L? i4T*L)ih t3i 5?Ui Lh
4L_i* ui@|hit L4L}i?iLt *@MLh @?_ ?uLh4 4@h!i| TLihc |t *?i@h hi}hittL? ULhhi
tTL?_t |L @| @ hiti@hUih 4}| €?_ ? _@|@ ihi @** Lh!ih U@h@U|iht|Ut @hi UL?|hL**i_
uLhc M| @}i _gihi?|@*t @hi }i?ih@|i_ M) _)?@4U i|ihL}i?i|) @UhLtt €h4t ?_ih _4?
t?} hi|h?t |L *@MLh Ai _tTihtL? Lu @}i h@|it t @*tL _iUhi@t?} @t *@h}ih i4T*L)4i?|
*ii*t @hi UL?t_ihi_c @?_ i hi|h? Mi*L |L @ _tUttL? Lu |i i4ThU@* hi*i@?Ui Lu |t
|iLhi|U@* 4T*U@|L?
4ihU@* tL*|L?
W| t Uih|@?*) ih) hit|hU|i |L h*i L| _hiU| |h@?t|L?t @UhLtt ThL_U||) t|@|it ihi
€h4t @hi h?} W? @| uL**Ltc i L|*?i @ ?4ihU@* tL*|L? ThLUi_hi uLh @ }i?ih@*
t|hU|hi Lu |h@?t|L? ThLM@M*|it Ai ThLUi_hic _itUhMi_ ? 4Lhi _i|@* M) B@hM@*_
EbbSc MiUL4it ?i*_) ih) ^U!*) @t |i ?4Mih Lu TLttM*i ThL_U||) t|@|it ?
Uhi@tit OLiihc |i @__|L?@* ^@*|@|i ?t}|t Lgihi_ M) |i TLttM*|) Lu |h@?t|L?t
@UhLtt h?} t|@|it @hi t@|tu@U|Lh*) **t|h@|i_ M) |i U@ti ihi # 4@) |@!i L?*) |hii
_gihi?| @*itc #  : # 2 : # €h4 | # s ' # t ?L| h?}c t ?_gihi?| |L €h?} @| |i 4@h}?c @?_ i4T*L)t
,? ' , ?|t Lu *@MLh Wu # s ' #  c UL?ihti*)c i U@? Mi thi |@| |i €h4 t h?}c @*Mi| @|
@ t*Lih @?_ t*Lih h@|ic @t ? |i 4L_i* Lu |i ThiLt tiU|L? `@| t ?i t |@| €h4t
? |i ?|ih4i_@|i t|@|ic | # s ' # 2 c 4@) Lh 4@) ?L| Mi TLt|?} @U@?Uitc _iTi?_?}
H
L? |i |4i @?_ _hiU|L? Lu |i *@t| |h@?t|L? |i) i Tihi?Ui_ Lhc i^@*i?|*)c L? |ih
i4T*L)4i?| *ii*
`i? # s ' # 2 c |i €h4 tL*_ Mi h?} L?*) u |t i4T*L)4i?| t *Lih |@? |i 7,2 *ii*
_i€?i_ 4T*U|*) M)
E7,2 c #2 ' f
E2S
?) t|@|i |h@?t|L? uhL4 |i }it| ThL_U||) t|@|it ?_Uit |i €h4 |L €hi @t *L?}
@t , 7,2 c @?_ @??*@|it |i t@_L @*i Lu *@MLh W? |i , 7,2 hi}L?c @UULh_?}*)c
|i 4L_i* ui@|hit |i t@4i _gihi?|@* i^@|L? @t |@| i?UL?|ihi_ @MLic | tL*|L?
E,c #  ' @ n K , @t ? E2fc @?_ |i @}i tUi_*i E,c #  t }i? M) EH Ai ?4ihU@*
tL*|L? uLh L|ih hi}L?t U@? |i? ThLUii_ uhL4 }ih |L *Lih ThL_U||) t|@|it @?_
uhL4 *@h}ih |L t4@**ih ThL_U||) *ii*t `i? i4T*L)4i?| t Mi*L |i Uh|U@* 7,2 *ii*
_i€?i_ M) E2Sc |i €h4 t h?} E@| _gihi?| h@|it ML| i? # ' # 2 @?_ i? # ' # Wu t|@|it  @?_ 2 UL44?U@|i _hiU|*)c |i hi*i@?| t@_L @*i u?U|L?t 4t| Mi tL*i_
t4*|@?iLt*)c )i*_?} @ t)t|i4 Lu |L u?U|L?@* i^@|L?tG
Eo n B  E,c #  ' E q #  oa j
YE,c # i2
, n E,c # n B  R2 E,c # 2 c
nq
S
Y,
E2.
2
j
YE,c #2 i
Eo n B 2 E,c # 2 ' E q # 2 oa , n E,c #2 n B 2 R2 E,c #  nq
S
Y,
6Lh , 7,2 c E, c # 2 fc @?_ i@*@|?} |i tiUL?_ i^@|L? ? E2. @| 7,2 )i*_t
j 7
E q # 2 oa ,2 n B 2 R2 @ n K 7,2 ' f
nq
AL i |i?_ |i tL*|L? ?4ihU@**) Mi*L |i 7,2 *ii* _i?|€i_ M) |t i^@|L?c i i@*@|i
|i i^@|L?t ? E2. @| |L _gihi?| @*it , @?_ , c tM|h@U| |ih4 M) |ih4c @?_ h|i
E,c # E, c # YE,c # {,c
Y,
' c 2c
E2H
ihi |i @TThL 4@|L? t t@|tu@U|Lh) uLh {, ' , , t4@** Bi? @*it Lu |i *ii*t @?_
_ih@|it Lu |i t@_L @*i u?U|L?t i@*@|i_ @| , ' , n {,c |i i^@|L?t ? E2. 4@)
Mi hih||i? t?} E2H @?_ hi@hh@?}i_ |L LM|@? |L i^@|L?t ? [ ' YE,c # *Y, @?_
b
\ ' YE,c # 2 *Y, G
i2 2
i2 E, c #  i2 E, c #  YE, c #  [ Eo n B  n
[ Ej n 2& n R2 B  \ n
' fc
S
S
{,
S
{,
Y,
E2b
2
2
2
i 2
i E, c # 2 i E, c # 2 YE, c # 2 \ Eo n B 2 n
\ Ej n 2&2 n R2 B 2 [ n
' f
S
S
{,
S
{,
Y,
At ^@_h@|U t)t|i4 t i@t*) tL*i_ ?4ihU@**)c @?_ 4@!it | TLttM*i |L i |i?_ |i
tL*|L? |L i4T*L)4i?| *ii*t Mi*L 7,2 G L?i i@*@|it E2b uLh , ' 7,2 ( LM|@?t @ tL*|L? uLh
|i t@_L @*i _ih@|it @| 7, {, uhL4 E2b( UL4T|it @TThL 4@|i @*it Lu |i t@_L
@*i *ii*t ? |i t@4i TL?| uhL4 E2H( @?_ ThLUii_t hiUhti*) M@U!@h_t |L LM|@? t@_L
@*it uLh @ ti^i?Ui Lu i4T*L)4i?| *ii*t tiT@h@|i_ M) E@hM|h@h*) t4@** _tUhi|i _gihi?Uit
{, Ai *Lit| hiUhh?} i4T*L)4i?| *ii* t @TThL 4@|i_ M) |i ?4ihU@* ThLUi_hi @t
|i |ih4 ? |@| ti^i?Ui U @TThL 4@|i*) t@|t€it @ 3ihLt@_L@*i UL?_|L? i?
|i €h4 t ? |i *Lit| TLttM*i *@MLh_i4@?_ TLt|L?c ?@4i*)c |i UL?_|L? i^@*i?| |L
E2 uLh |i 4Lhi UL4T*i 4L_i* ?|hL_Ui_ ihi
Ai t|i@_)t|@|i _t|hM|L? Lu @}i @?_ i4T*L)4i?| *ii*t U@??L| Mi U@h@U|ih3i_
@?@*)|U@**)c M| 6}hi D hiTLh|t |i hit*|t Lu L?|i @h*L _h@t uhL4 |i @}i t|Lh)
Lu @ t?}*i €h4 Ai ?L?*?i@h|) ?|hL_Ui_ M) ?L?3ihL ThLM@M*|it Lu |h@?t|L?t @UhLtt
h?} t|@|it @giU|t ML| €h4t< 4@h}?@* @*@|L?t Lu *@MLh @?_ i4T*L)iit< 4@? U@T|@*
u?U|L?tc M| ?L| |i @}i u?U|L?tc uLh U |i *?i@h uLh4 Lu EH t @*_ ? @** U@tit
?i ui@|hi t ^@*|@|i*) _gihi?| uhL4 |i t4T*ih U@ti Lu 5iU|L? 2G t?Ui *@h}i €h4t
| , : 7,2 L?*) €hi {, ' , 7,2 i? |ih *@MLh _i4@?_ _hLTt |L |i ?|ih4i_@|i t|@|i
2c |i 6}hi ui@|hit 4@tt TL?|t Lu i4T*L)4i?| @| 7,2 @t i** @t @| 7, Ai _t|hM|L?
t L|ihti t4*@h |L |@| Lu 6}hi ec @?_ hi@*t|U@**) 4T*it @ TLt|i UhLtttiU|L?@*
@}it3i hi*@|L?tT
Ai 4L_i* @*tL @t 4T*U@|L?t uLh |i hi*@|L?tT Mi|ii? @}it @?_ i4T*L)4i?| *ii*t
@UhLtt €h4t ihi @_t|4i?| hi?|t @hi UL4T*i|i*) _ttT@|i_c ic ?L @U@?Uit @hi TLt|i_
Aiti 4T*U@|L?tc U i hii ?i |c @hi @!? |L |i RUL4Ti?t@|?} _gihi?|@*t ?L|L?
Lu L|ih i4ThU@* @TThL@Uit |L @}it3i hi*@|L?tTt 5?Ui # t 4i@? hiih|?}c ? u@U|c @
T@h|U*@h _)?@4U tLh| Lu UL4Ti?t@|?} _gihi?|@*t T*@)t @ hL*iG |i t|hU|hi Lu |i *@MLh
4@h!i| Lgiht _gihi?| u|hi L|*LL!t |L i4T*L)iit M) €h4t @| _gihi?| TL?|t ? |i h@?}i
Lu ThL_U||) t|@|it AL tii |tc UL?t_ih |@|c M) EDc @** €h4t | i4T*L)4i?| 7, tU
|@| E7, c # ' f Eic €h4t U TLt| ?L @U@?Uit tL*_ Lgih |ih i4T*L)iit |i t@4i
4@? U@T|@* *ii* a Ai @}i h@|ic Liihc t }i?ih@**) _gihi?| @UhLtt tU €h4tG
2f
*i |?}t U@? L?*) }i| Mi||ih uLh €h4t | |i *Lit| TLttM*i *@MLh _i4@?_ *ii*c |i
u|hi L|*LL! t }h4 uLh |i *@h}it| €h4tQ|Lti @TThL@U?} ?L@U@?U) i4T*L)4i?| @|
|i }it| *@MLh _i4@?_ *ii* Oi?Uic *i @| t4@** 3ihL@U@?U) €h4t oa hit*|t uhL4
@ UL4M?@|L? Lu @ *L @}i E, 6? c # ? @?_ @? i TiU|@|L? Lu TLt|i U@T|@* }@?tc |i
*@h}it| €h4t U@? Lgih ?L U@T|@* }@?tc @?_ |i) T@) @ }ih @}i E7, c #  ' oa 6Lh4@**)c
E7, c #  : E,6? c # ? c
E7, c #  E, c # ; : ?
Ef
W? }i?ih@*c @ TLt|i @ttLU@|L? Mi|ii? @}it @?_ *@MLh_i4@?_ t|hi?}| Ei?Ui i4T*L)
4i?| U@? t|** Mi i TiU|i_ i?iih @ t|@|L?@h) ThLUitt _t|hMt ?__@* i4T*L)iht<
_i4@?_ tUi_*itc @?_ 4LM*|) t ULt|*) uLh Lh!ihtD
e
#tUttL?
Ai @?@*)|U @?_ t4*@|L? hit*|t Lu |i 4L_i* tTiU€U@|L? Lu 5iU|L? 2 **t|h@|i |i
4Lhi }i?ih@* i4ThU@* 4T*U@|L?t Lu |i 4L_i*?} TihtTiU|i i ThLTLti `*i |i
4L_i*}i?ih@|i_ _@|@ ui@|hi @ t3@M*i @}it3i igiU|c @ U@t@* ?|ihThi|@|L? Lu |i T@h_
t*LT?} hi}hittL? *?i t Lu ULhti ?@hh@?|i_ `@}it3i igiU|t hiiU| |i ?|ihT*@) Lu
i L}i?Lt tLU!t |L *@MLh _i4@?_ | |i *@MLhtTT*) UL?t|h@?|t ?|hL_Ui_ M) t*L
4@|U?} A@M*i hiTLh|t ULhhi*@|L? 4@|h ? |i L?|i@h*L _@|@ Lu 6}hi e uLh uLh
LMtih@M*i @h@M*it E@}itc i4T*L)ih t3ic LM Uhi@|L? @?_ ThL€| TihU@T|@ @?_ |i ?
LMtih@M*i *@MLh _i4@?_ ?_i # `@}it @hi ULhhi*@|i_ ?L| L?*) | i4T*L)4i?|c M|
@*tL | @ih@}i Lh!ih thT*t ETihU@T|@ ThL€|tS 6h|ihc @}it @?_ LM Uhi@|L? @hi
t|hL?}*) TLt|i*) ULhhi*@|i_ ? |i 4L_i* At hi*@|L?tT }*}|t |i _)?@4U ?@|hi
Lu |i 4L_i*c U @*tL 4T*it |@| @}it tL*_ Mi }ih uLh u@t|ih }hL?} €h4t
8 Jduledogl +4<<9, fkdudfwhul}hv pruh
jhqhudoo| prghov zkhuh wudqvlwlrqv dfurvv srvlwlyh0ydfdqf| vwdwhv duh
srvvleoh/ dqg ghulyhv d vhw ri frqglwlrqv hqvxulqj d prqrwrqlf uhodwlrqvkls ehwzhhq zdjhv dqg wkh _orqj0uxq%
hpsor|phqw ohyhov frqvlvwhqw zlwk qr ydfdqf| srvwlqj1
9 Shu0fdslwd surwv duh ghqhg dv wkh h{fhvv ri uhyhqxh ryhu oderu0uhodwhg frvwv/ qrupdol}hg e| hpsor|phqw1
Lqwhjudwlqj wkh olqhdu pdujlqdo vxusoxv +4:, dqg uhfdoolqj wkdw klulqj frvwv duh dovr d txdgudwlf ixqfwlrq ri
ydfdqflhv srvwhg/ hdfk up*v wkxvo| ghqhg _shu0zrunhu rshudwlqj vxusoxv% uhdgv
+o> l , @ l fy l +w,5
o z+o> l , =
5
5o
2
e
,4ThU@* hi@*t4
A@M*i e hiTLh|t |i 4i@? @?_ |i ULiUi?| Lu @h@|L? |? tMti|t Lu |i t@4i t4*@|i_
_@|@ ti| Ai _@|@ @hi T@h||L?i_ ? €i t3i U@|i}Lhitc tU@*i_ M) |i 4L_i*<t 4?44
€h4 t3i ,? L?tt|i?|*) | |i i @U| UL?_|L?@* i TiU|@|L? T*L||i_ ? 6}hi ec @ih@}i
@}it ?Uhi@ti | t4@** i4T*L)4i?| *ii*t @?_ _iU*?i t*}|*) @UhLtt |i *@h}it| t3i U@|
i}Lhit Ai 4L_i* t @*tL UL?tt|i?| | |i i_i?Ui UL**iU|i_ M) #@t @?_ O@*|@?}ih
EbbcbbS L? |i hi*@|L?tT Mi|ii? @}i _tTihtL? @?_ i4T*L)ih t3i A@M*i e hiTLh|t
|i t|@?_@h_ _i@|L? Lu @}it @UhLtt 4L_i*}i?ih@|i_ T*@?| LMtih@|L?t |? i@U t3i
}hLT W? |i #@t @?_ O@*|@?}ih EbbS _@|@c |i ULiUi?| Lu @}i @h@|L? t *Lih
M) 2f TihUi?|@}i TL?|t uLh ?L?ThL_U|L? Lh!iht E@?_ M) H TihUi?|@}i TL?|t uLh ThL_U
|L? Lh!iht @UhLtt it|@M*t4i?|t | fff Lh 4Lhi i4T*L)iit |@? @UhLtt it|@M*t4i?|t
| *itt |@? 2D i4T*L)iit Ai 4L_i* hi@_*) h@|L?@*3it tU T@||ih?t Lu @}i _tTihtL?
"|i ?||i*)c i|ihL}i?iLt *@MLh _i4@?_ *ii*t @?_ 4@|U?} uhU|L?t ? |i @_t|
4i?| ThLUitt 4T*) |@| €h4t U@? Mi ? ih) _gihi?| t|@|it i? |ih i4T*L)4i?| t *LG
tL4i t4@** €h4t @hi L@h_?} *@MLh @?_ T@) ih) *L @}itc *i L|iht @i hiUi?|*) Mii?
| M) u@Lh@M*i Mt?itt UL?_|L? tLU!tc @hi T@)?} ih) } @}itc @?_ @hi i TiU|i_ |L
}hL *@h}ih ? |i u|hi Oi?Uic @}i _tTihtL? t }ih @4L?} t4@** €h4t |@? @4L?}
*@h}i €h4t
k@|3 @?_ 544iht EbHbc ? |ih t|_) L? ?_t|h) hi?|t uLh |i N5 4@?u@U|h?}
?_t|h)c hiTLh| i_i?Ui Lu @ }hL| igiU| ? |i @ih@}i @}i _gihi?|@*t W? |ih _@|@
ti|c @u|ih UL?|hL**?} uLh |i @ih@}i Lh!ih i Tihi?Ui @?_ uLh |i *ii* Lu 4@? U@T|@*c
@}i Thi4@ @hi }ih ? ?_t|h) | *@h}ih it|@M*t4i?|t @?_ u@t|ih }hL| h@|it
W?|ihit|?}*)c @?_ UL?tt|i?|*) | Lh |iLhi|U@* TihtTiU|ic ?_t|h) }hL| h@|it @hi
^@?||@|i*) 4Lhi 4TLh|@?| |@? ?_t|h) @ih@}i t3it ? _i|ih4??} |i @}i Thi44
h @?@*)tt t}}it|t |@| i4ThU@* @}it3i igiU|t UL*_ Mi h@|L?@*3i_ M) uLUt?}
L? _)?@4U €h4*ii* u@U|Lhtc @?_ |@| |i t@4i _)?@4U Ti?L4i?@ @hi hi*i@?| |L |i
i|ihLt!i_@t|U T@||ih?t Lu @}it @UhLtt i4T*L)ih t3it ,4ThU@* t|_it |@| it|4@|i
?__@* @}i hi}hittL?tc UL?ihti*)c @hi ?*!i*) |L hi_Ui |i t}?€U@?Ui Lu @}it3i
igiU|t M) UL?|hL**?} uLh LMtih@M*i Lh!ih U@h@U|iht|Ut Lh ?L!?} ?LMtih@M*i L?it
W? ?__@* @}i hi}hittL?tc ? u@U|c i4T*L)ih t3i tL*_ hi4@? t}?€U@?| uQ@t ? Lh
4L_i*Q@| @?) }i? |4i | t TLt|i*) ULhhi*@|i_ | |i *ii* Lu €h4tTiU€U *@MLh _i
4@?_( tU @}it3i igiU|t @hi |iLhi|U@**) ?hi*@|i_ |L ?__@* |i?hic 4@? U@T|@*c
@?_ L|ih Lh!ih U@h@U|iht|Ut 54*@h*)c @}i _tTihtL? @4L?} t4@** €h4t t hi*@|i_ |L
€h4tTiU€U *@MLh _i4@?_ u@U|Lht
22
6h|ih @?@*)tt Lu tU ttit 4}| Mi?i€| uhL4 hiUi?|*) _ii*LTi_ _@|@ ti|t |
4@|Ui_ ?uLh4@|L? L? i4T*L)ih @?_ i4T*L)ii U@h@U|iht|Ut ML_ i| @* Ebbb €?_
? tU @ _@|@ ti| |@| Lh!ih U@h@U|iht|Ut @UUL?| uLh @ *@h}i ThLTLh|L? Lu |i h@
@}it3i igiU|c M| _L *i@i ?i T*@?i_ @ML| 2DI Lu | Aih i4ThU@* 4L_i* @**Lt uLh
UhLtttiU|L?@* i|ihL}i?i|) Lu @}it3i igiU|t L?tt|i?|*) | Lh 4L_i*<t 4T*U@|L?tc
|i i_i?Ui ?_U@|it |@| |i hi*@|L?tT Mi|ii? Thi €h4 igiU|t @?_ i4T*L)ih t3i t
TLt|i L? @ih@}ic M| ?L| ?iUitt@h*) 4L?L|L?U Nt?} ?__@* @?_ €h4 *ii* _@|@c
i*3* Ebb. ?it|}@|it L ?__@* @}it @h) | €h4*ii* 4i@thit Lu LM Uhi@|L?
@?_ Lh!ih |h?Lih L?|hL**?} uLh €h4 @?_ Lh!ih U@h@U|iht|Utc i*3* €?_t |@| 4@*i
@}it @hi }ih @| €h4t | UL?|i4TLh@?iLt*) }ih LM Uhi@|L? h@|it `*i hit*|t
@h) @UhLtt t@4T*it @?_ it|4@|L? 4i|L_tc |i it|4@|i_ igiU|t @hi ih) *@h}iG 2I |L eI
}ih @}it uLh i@U @__|L?@* TihUi?|@}i TL?| Lu @??@* ?i| LM }hL|
t|hU|h@* ?|ihThi|@|L? Lu t}?€U@?| t3i @?_ }hL| igiU|t ? €h4*ii* @}i i^@
|L?t t _U*|c Liih W? Lh_ih |L €| @ t|hU|h@* @}i i^@|L? ? |i uLh4 EHc ?
u@U|c L?i tL*_ |@!i ?|L @UUL?| |@| €h4*ii* i4T*L)4i?|Q|i hi}hittLh Lu ?|ihit|Qt
i?_L}i?Lt @?_ ULhhi*@|i_ |L *@MLh _i4@?_ tu|ihtc _i?L|i_ # @MLic U 4@) Mi ?
LMtih@M*i @?_ |ihiuLhi L4||i_ ? |)TU@* i4ThU@* tTiU€U@|L?t Mtih@M*i €h4*ii*
ThL€|tc *i @*tL i?_L}i?Ltc @hi Thi_U|i_ |L Mi t}?€U@?| ? @}i i^@|L?t M) Lh |iL
hi|U@* TihtTiU|i Ai TL?| t hi*i@?| |L i_i?Ui Lu Tihtt|i?| ULhhi*@|L? Mi|ii? @}it
@?_ @hLt 4i@thit Lu @? i4T*L)iht<t @M*|) |L T@) *@?ULih i| @* EbbS 4ih}i _@|@
L? ?__@* @}it | ?_t|h@* _@|@ L? ThL€|tc @?_ tL |@| ? @hLt @}i i^@|L?t
?_t|h@* ThL€|t @hi Tihtt|i?|*) t}?€U@?| hiLt i4ThU@* Lh! t4*@h*) uL?_ @}it
|L Mi TLt|i*) ULhhi*@|i_ | @hLt 4i@thi Lu i4T*L)ih @M*|) |L T@) E#U!i?t @?_ k@|3
bH.c k@|3 @?_ 544iht bHb *@?ULih i| @* i4T@t3i |@| @ hti ? tiU|Lh<t ThLu
|@M*|) *i@_t |L @ *L?}h? ?Uhi@ti ? @}itc @?_ UL?U*_i |@| T@) _i|ih4?@|L? @TTi@ht
|L i M| i*i4i?|t Lu hi?|t@h?} +i?|t@h?} t 4T*U| ? Lh |iLhi|U@* @TThL@U<t
@}i 4iU@?t4c @?_ uhL4 |t TL?| Lu i | t u@h uhL4 thTht?} |@| ThL€|t tL*_ i?|ih
t}?€U@?|*) ? UhLtttiU|L?@* hi}hittL?t
6?@**)c k@|3 @?_ 544iht EbHb €?_ |@| i? |i U@T|@*L|T| Tih Lh!ih t ?
U*_i_ ? ?_t|h) @}i hi}hittL?tc |i t3i@}i igiU| t t|** t}?€U@?|c M| ^@?||@|i*)
4U t4@**ih `*i Lh t4T*i 4L_i* _Lit ?L| @UUL?| i T*U|*) uLh |i hL*i Lu U@T|@*
?it|4i?| ? |i @_t|4i?| ThLUittc |i 4T*U@|L?t Lu tU @? i |i?tL? L*_ Mi UL?
tt|i?| | |i i_i?Ui u U@T|@* @*tL u@Uit @_t|4i?| ULt|tc @?_ t UL4T*i4i?|@h) |L
*@MLh ? |i ThL_U|L? u?U|L? W? |i @TThLTh@|i i |i?tL? Lu Lh 4L_i*c U@T|@* ?|i?
2
t|) L*_ Mi @?L|ih i?_L}i?Lt @h@M*i ULhhi*@|i_ |L |i ?LMtih@M*i _i4@?_ tu|ih # Atc |t i4ThU@* t}?€U@?Ui t ?L| thTht?}c M| | L*_ Mi _U*| |L }i @ t|hU|h@*
?|ihThi|@|L? |L |t it|4@|i_ ULiUi?|
e2
6h|ih hiti@hU
Ai |iU?U@* 4i|L_t @?_ hit*|t Lu |t T@Tih 4@) Mi tiu* ? uh|ih |iLhi|U@* @?_
i4ThU@* Lh! `i tL |@| |iLhi|U@* 4@|U?} 4L_i*t | _iUhi@t?} hi|h?t |L i4
T*L)iht< hiUh|?} igLh| U@? h@|L?@*3i it|@M*ti_ i_i?Ui L? |i L?| _t|hM|L? Lu €h4
t3it @?_ @}i *ii*tc @?_ @h}i |@| _iUhi@t?} hi|h?t |L *@MLh ? ThL_U|L? uh|ih ?
Uhi@ti |i hi@*t4 Lu tU 4L_i*tQ@t |i) 4@!i | TLttM*i uLh LM _it|hU|L? |L |@!i |i
uLh4 Lu _t4tt@*t M) UL?|??}c *@MLhL@h_?} €h4t h@|ih |@? Lu T*@?|U*Lthi ii?|t Lh
T@h|@* hiT*@Ui4i?| Lu i L}i?Lt ^|t Ai 4L_i*t Lu ?|ihit| |i?_ |L Mi ^|i UL4T*i L4T*i4i?|?} @?_ i |i?_?} hiti@hU hiTLh|i_ ? ih|L*@ @?_ @M@**ihL Ebbec Lh|i?ti?
Ebbbc @?_ L|ih hiUi?| T@Tihtc Lh Lh! t|hit |L }*}| }i?ih@* |iLhi|U@* ?t}|t @?_
**t|h@|i |i4 M) @?@*)|U tL*|L? Lu T@h@4i|hU i @4T*it `i @*tL L|*?ic Liihc L
4Lhi UL4T*i @?_ hi@*t|U UL?€}h@|L?t Lu |i U*@tt Lu 4L_i*t ThLTLti_ 4@) Mi tL*i_
?4ihU@**) ? uh|ih hiti@hU
h |iLhi|U@* igLh|t @hi 4L|@|i_ M) t4T*i ^@*|@|i i_i?Ui L? |i hi*@|L?tT
Mi|ii? |i 4i@? @?_ @h@?Ui Lu @}it L? |i L?i @?_c @?_ |i t3i Lu €h4t Lh it|@M*t
4i?|t L? |i L|ih W? |h?c Lh |iLhi|U@* TihtTiU|i @?_ hit*|t t}}it| ?|ihit|?} i?it
uLh uh|ih i4ThU@* Lh!c T@h|U*@h*) @t hi}@h_t |i @?@*)tt Lu 4@|Ui_ i4T*L)ihi4T*L)ii
_@|@ ti|t h Thiuihhi_ 4L_i* Thi_U|t |@| @}i _tTihtL? @4L?} LMtih@|L?@**) i^
@*i?| Lh!iht tL*_ _iU*?i 4L?L|L?U@**) @| ?Uhi@t?}*) *@h}i €h4tc @?_ ?|ihThi|t |i
Ti?L4i?L? ? |ih4t Lu _)?@4U ti*iU|L? Lu ?Uhi@t?}*) t|hL?} *@MLh _i4@?_ tUi_*it
|? @ _t|hM|L? Lu E?LMtih@M*i €h4 |)Tit Ai Thi_U|L? _itihit |L Mi ih€i_
L? L|ih _@|@ |@? |Lti t|_i_ M) #@t @?_ O@*|@?}ih EbbSc tU @t i} |Lti @?@
*)3i_ M) ML_ i| @* Ebbbc @?_ |i ?|ihThi|@|L? 4@) Mi |it|i_ M) _)?@4U iUL?L4i|hU
@?@*)tt Lu _@|@ T@?i*t | tUi?|*) *L?} |4i _4i?tL? 6h|ihc Lh t|hU|h@* Tih
tTiU|i L? |i L?| _t|hM|L? Lu @}i @?_ i4T*L)4i?| *ii*t t}}it|t |@| @}it3i
igiU|tc *i TLt|i L? @ih@}ic 4@) Mi ?i}@|i @| *@h}ic _iUhi@t?}hi|h?t €h4t Ai
4i|L_t Lu ML_ i| @* Ebbbc L @**L uLh i|ihL}i?i|) @?_ ?L?*?i@h|it ? it|4@|i_
@}it3i igiU|tc @hi ^|i hi*i@?| ? |t hitTiU| Ai) 4@) Mi i |i?_i_ @?_ hi€?i_ ?
*}| Lu Lh |iLhi|U@* ?t}|tc @?_ |i i_i?Ui 4@) U@** uLh i T*U| |iLhi|U@* |hi@|4i?|
Lu i|ihL}i?iLt U@T|@* @_t|4i?| @UhLtt €h4t Lu _gihi?| t3it
2e
__|L?@* ThL4t?} _hiU|L?t Lu uh|ih hiti@hU 4@) i T*L| |i i^*Mh4 ?@|hi
Lu |i 4L_i*t i ThLTLti `*i |t T@Tih _Lit ?L| i4T@t3i |i i?_L}i?Lt U@h@U|ih
Lu 4@h!i| |}|?ittc | L*_ ?L| Mi _U*| |L i T*Lhi E?4ihU@**) |i 4T*U@|L?t Lu
_gihi?| 4@|U?} i?hL?4i?|t @?_ |iU?L*L}U@* t|hU|hit W? }i?ih@*c *itt 4TLh|@?|
4@|U?} uhU|L?tc t4@**ih _tTihtL? @?_%Lh }ih t|@M*|) Lu *@MLh _i4@?_ tUi_*it
@UhLtt €h4tc @?_ t4@**ih thT*t t@hit uLh Lh!iht tL*_ @** |i?_ |L hi_Ui |i hi*i@?Ui
Lu |i _)?@4U Ti?L4i?@ i uLUt L? ?) i_i?Ui L? tU ui@|hit 4@) ? Th?UT*i Mi
MhL}| |L Mi@h L? |i U@h@U|ih Lu @}i @?_ €h4t3i _t|hM|L?t @UhLtt 4UhLiUL?L4U
?|t |? hi@**ui *@MLh 4@h!i|t
2D
5|i@_)t|@|i _t|hM|L?t
`@| uL**Lt U@h@U|ih3i t|i@_)t|@|i €h4 t3i _t|hM|L?t ? |i UL?|i | Lu |i 4L_i*t
ThLTLti_ @?_ tL*i_ ? 5iU|L?t  @?_ 2
W? t|i@_) t|@|ic |i ThLM@M*|) 4@tt Lu €h4t U Lt ?|L i@U ThL_U||) t|@|i
4t| M@*@?Ui | |i ThLM@M*|) 4@tt Lu €h4t |@| Lt ?|L |i L|ih t|@|it Wu i
?_U@|i | OZ |i ih}L_U _t|hM|L? Lih |i ThL_U|i t|@|itc M) h|i Lu Lh t4T*i
t|hU|hi Lu ThL_U||) U@?}itc |t i^*Mh4 hi^hi4i?|t hi@_t
B ? R? Z ? ' B Z
; G : ?c
E
@?_
?3
[
'
B Z ' B ? Z? c
E2
uLh |i *Lit| *@MLh _i4@?_ t|@|i Ai i ThittL?t ? E @?_ E2 uLh4 @ L4L}i?iLtc
h@?!_i€Ui?| t)t|i4 Lu ? *?i@h i^@|L?t Uc |L}i|ih | |i t44?}T UL?_|L?
S
Z
Z ' c i@t*) )i*_t @ tL*|L? uLh O
W? @| uL**Lt i t@** *i| sE,c # Mi |i L?| _i?t|) Lu i4T*L)4i?| @?_ Mt?itt UL?_
|L?t |? |i tMti| Lu |i 4L_i*<t t|@|i tT@Ui ihi i4T*L)4i?| t TLt|i Ah@?t|L?t
?|L @?_ L| Lu t|@|i E,c LUUh MiU@ti Lu h?} @?_ ?@|h@* |h?Lih i? # t UL?t|@?|c
@?_ MiU@ti Lu €h?} i? @ ?i}@|i *@MLh _i4@?_ tLU! t hi@*3i_
W? |i 4L_i* Lu 5iU|L? c |i L?| _t|hM|L? Lu i4T*L)4i?| @?_ *@MLh _i4@?_
?_i it ui@|hit @ 4@tt Z ? @| |i Efc # ? TL?| Ai t@_L @*i Lu *@MLh @t UL?t|@?|
@*i |? i@U t|@|i ' c c ?  ihi @U@?U) TLt|?} E@| @? @*tL UL?t|@?| h@|i
t LT|4@* Oi?Uic |i _i?t|) @UhLtt i4T*L)4i?| *ii*t tL*it |i _gihi?|@* i^@|L?
Ys E,c #
E& 4, ' B s E,c #c
Y,
ihi & ' i2 *S 5L*|L?t Lu |t i^@|L? @i |i uLh4
B
s E,c # ' b E& 4, 4 c
ihi |i UL?t|@?| Lu ?|i}h@|L? b t _i|ih4?i_ M) |i t44?} T UL?_|L?
] ,4@
B
b
E& 4, 4 _, ' Z f
2S
E33 B 4
W?|i}h@|?}c b ' Z EB n 4&
c @?_ |i _i?t|) @?_ U4*@|i _t|hM|L? u?U|L?t
@hi ML| @@*@M*i ? U*Lti_ uLh4
W? |i 4L_i* Lu 5iU|L? 2c |i L?| _t|hM|L? Lu i4T*L)4i?| @?_ Mt?itt UL?_
|L?t ui@|hit @ 4@tt Lu 4i@thi Z? @| |i E,? c # ? TL?| Ai kL*4L}LhL uLh@h_ M@*@?Ui
UL?_|L?t
Ys E,c # , n B s E,c # ' fc
Y,
E
ihi
i2
i2
, ' E,c # ' E@ n K ,c
S
S
@i tL*|L?t ? |i uLh4
s E,c # ' b E@ n K ,3> c uLh > '
B S
i2 K
Ee
Ai UL?t|@?| Lu ?|i}h@|L? b t _i|ih4?i_ ? U*Lti_ uLh4 M) |i t44?}T UL?_|L?
] 7,
b
E@ n K ,3> _, ' Z c
ED
,6?
ihi Z t L?i i*i4i?| Lu |i tL*|L? |L E @?_ E2 @?_ 7, c @t _i€?i_ ? E2c t |i
4@ 44 t3i @||@?@M*i M) @ €h4 ? t|@|i ,^*Mh4
`i t!i|U ? |t TTi?_ L |i 4L_i*t i t|_) 4@) Mi U*Lti_c @t ? ih|L*@ @?_
@M@**ihL Ebbec M) @ t|@?_@h_ tTiU€U@|L? Lu |i ThLUitt M) U @U@?Uit @?_ ?i4
T*L)i_ Lh!iht @hi 4@|Ui_ N?_ih |i UL?i?i?| @?_ u@h*) hi@*t|U @tt4T|L? |@| |i
4@|U?} |iU?L*L}) @t UL?t|@?| hi|h?t |L tU@*i @?_ @ LMM#L}*@t u?U|L?@* uLh4c |i
ThLM@M*|) ?|i?t|) Lu 4@|U?} ii?|t uLh i@U @U@?U) t i ' 1 ET *L D Tih ?| |4ic
ihi  D f @?_ 1 : f W? |i t|i@_)t|@|i i^*Mh4 Lu ?|ihit|c |i h@|i @| U
i@U @U@?U) t 4@|Ui_ | @? ?i4T*L)i_ Lh!ih t UL?t|@?| M|c ? }i?ih@*c _iTi?_t L?
U
U
|i h@|L Lu @}}hi}@|i @U@?Uitc T f s _sc |L @}}hi}@|i ?i4T*L)4i?|c L  f ,s _s
AL UL4T|i |i i?_L}i?Lt ^@?||it L @?_ T c ?L|i |@|c uLh @ UL?t|@?| S @?_ ic i@U
€h4<t @U@?Uit @hi *?i@h*) hi*@|i_ |L |t *@MLh<t 4@h}?@* @*i E,c #c U ? |h? t
2.
*?i@h*) hi*@|i_ |L i4T*L)4i?| ? |i 4L_i*t i U@? tL*i i T*U|*) W? |i 4L_i* Lu 5iU|L?
2c
i
E ' E@ n K , c
S
ES
@?_ @ t4*@h i ThittL? | K ' f L*_t |hi ? |i 4L_i* Lu 5iU|L?  }}hi}@|?}c
?3 ] 7
i [ ,
T '
b E@ n K ,3> n _,c
S ' ,?
E.
}}hi}@|i i4T*L)4i?| U@? Mi t4*@h*) LM|@?i_ M) €ht| ?|i}h@|?} |i _)?@4Ut Lu i@U
€h4<t i4T*L)4i?|c @?_ |i? UL4T|?} 4i@? i4T*L)4i?| @UhLtt @** h?} @?_ €h?} €h4t
W? |i 4L_i* Lu 5iU|L? 2c |i hi*i@?| i ThittL? t
u'
?3 ] 7,
[
'
,?
E@ n K ,3> b , _, n Z? ,? EH
? @}}hi}@|i UL?tt|i?| i^*Mh4 t LM|@?i_ i? |i i ti_ |L UL?t|hU| ?__@*
TL*Uit t UL?tt|i?| | |i @}}hi}@|i L|UL4it ? E. @?_ EH W? i^*Mh4 | 4t|
@*tL Mi |i U@ti |@| |i i4T*L)iit Eu @?) Lu €h4t TLt|?} ?L @U@?Uit @hi ?_gihi?| |L
|i L|t_i E?i4T*L)4i?| LT|L?c
oa ' 5 n i
T
E. dao a u
Eb
`Lh!iht @hi ? u@U| i4T*L)i_ M) €h?} €h4t ? |i 4L_i* Lu 5iU|L? 2 ihic M) E. @?_
ESc |i U@T|@* }@? |ih4 ? Eb hi@_t
?3 ] 7
iT q
 [ ,
b E,c # E@ n K ,3> n _,c
. dao a '
S L  q  Z ? ' ,?
Eef
W? Eef  Z? t |i ThLM@M*|) |@| @? ?i4T*L)i_ Lh!ih 4ii|t @ €h4 Lu ^@*|) c
UL?_|L?@* L? €?_?} @ @U@?U) TLt|?} €h4 AhL} |t i^*Mh4 hi*@|L?tTc |i
i?_L}i?Lt _)?@4Ut Lu ?__@*€h4 i4T*L)4i?| *ii*t ?|ih@U| | i@U L|ih ? |i
@}}hi}@|i *@MLh 4@h!i| t ? ih|L*@ @?_ @M@**ihL Ebbec @ ti@hU hL|?i 4@) Mi ti_
|L UL4T|i |i 4L_i*<t € i_TL?| i^*Mh4
2H
+iuihi?Uit
ML_c aL? c 6h@?Ut kh@4@h3c @?_ #@_ @h}L*tc O} `@}i `Lh!iht @?_ O}
`@}i 6h4tc ,UL?L4i|hU@c S. Ebbbc 2De
i*3*c ht|@?c aLM hi@|L? @?_ #it|hU|L?c `Lh!ih +i@**LU@|L? @?_ `@}itc Lh!?}
T@Tih Ebb.c L?ULh_@ N?iht|) #iT@h|4i?| Lu ,UL?L4Ut
i?|L**@c 5@4i*c @?_ BtiTTi ih|L*@c 6h?} Lt|t @?_ w@MLh #i4@?_G OL @_ t
,hLtU*ihLttqc +ii Lu ,UL?L4U 5|_it D. Ebbfc Hef2
ih|L*@c BtiTTic @?_ +U@h_L a @M@**ihLc hLtt5iU|L?@* ,Ui?U) @?_ w@MLh OL@h_
?} ? @ @|U?} L_i* Lu N?i4T*L)4i?|c +ii Lu ,UL?L4U 5|_it S Ebbec
eDeD.
*@?ULihc #@_ Bc ?_hi a t@*_c @?_ i|ih 5@?ui)c `@}itc hL€|t @?_ +i?|
5@h?}c "@h|ih*) aLh?@* Lu ,UL?L4Ut  EbbSc 22S2D
hL?c @h*itc @?_ a@4it i_Lgc Ai ,4T*L)ih 53i`@}i ,giU|c aLh?@* Lu L*|U@*
,UL?L4) b. EbHbc f2.fD.
h_i||c ki??i|c @?_ #@*i A Lh|i?ti?c `@}i #gihi?|@*tc ,4T*L)ih 53ic @?_ N?i4
T*L)4i?|c W?|ih?@|L?@* ,UL?L4U +ii b EbbHc 2D..
@Uc ihhic @?_ ,|i??i `@t4ihc #Lit W?|h@€h4 @h}@??} @||ih ? |i w@h}i 6h4<t
@|U?} L_i*qc @UhLiUL?L4U #)?@4Utc uLh|UL4?}c E2fff
#@tc 5|ii ac @?_ aL? O@*|@?}ih `@}i #tTihtL? Mi|ii? @?_ |? N5 @?u@U
|h?} *@?|tc bSHSc hLL!?} @TihtG UhLiUL?L4Ut Ebbc DHf
#@tc 5|ii? ac @?_ aL? O@*|@?}ihc ,4T*L)ih 53i @?_ |i `@}i 5|hU|hi ? N5
@?u@U|h?}c ??@*it _<,UL?L4i i| _i 5|@|t|^i ee2 EbbS 2S.
#@tc 5|ii? ac aL? O@*|@?}ih @?_ 5UL|| 5Uc RaLM hi@|L? @?_ #it|hU|L?c WA
hittc @4Mh_}i @ttc bbS
#U!i?tc `**@4 Ac @?_ w@hi?Ui 6 k@|3c W?|ihW?_t|h) `@}i #gihi?Uit @?_ W?_t|h)
@h@U|iht|Utc ? RN?i4T*L)4i?| @?_ |i 5|hU|hi Lu |i w@MLh @h!i|t Ekw@?}
@?_ awiL?@h_c i_tc @t* *@U!i**c uLh_c bH.
2b
B@hM@*_c i|hLc aLM 6*L #)?@4Ut @?_ 6h?} +it|hU|L?tc ,hLTi@? ,UL?L4U +ii
e2 EbbHc 2eD2.D
RaLM hi@|L?c aLM #it|hU|L? @?_ ,4T*L)4i?| +i@**LU@|L? AiLh) @?_ ,
_i?Uic @T|ih e N?TM*ti_ # _ttih|@|L?c wL?_L? 5ULL* Lu ,UL?L4Utc
bbS
W?Uic ,wc Rh_?@h) #gihi?|@* ,^@|L?tc #Lihc i vLh!c bDS
k@|3c w@hi?Ui 6c @?_ w@hi?Ui O 544ihtc W?_t|h) +i?|tG ,_i?Ui @?_ W4T*U@|L?tc
hLL!?}t @Tiht L? ,UL?L4U U||) EUhLiUL?L4Ut  EbHbc 2fb2.D
khi}ihc *@? c @?_ w@hi?Ui O 544ihtc ,Ui?U) `@}it @?_ |i W?|ihW?_t|h)
`@}i 5|hU|hic ,UL?L4i|hU@c DS EbHHc 2Db2b
@t|ihtc 5|@?*i) Oc ? W?|ih?_t|h) ?@*)tt Lu `@}it @?_ *@?| 53ic +ii Lu ,UL
?L4Ut @?_ 5|@|t|Ut D EbSbc ebDDf
i**Lc `it*i)c ,4T*L)ih 53i @?_ `@}itc +ii Lu ,UL?L4Ut @?_ 5|@|t|Ut Se EbH2c
eeD
Lh|i?ti?c #@*i Ac ,^*Mh4 N?i4T*L)4i?| | `@}i Lt|?}G h_i||Lh|i?ti?
4ii| tt@h_itc Lh!?} T@Tih EbbHc Lh|it|ih? N?iht|)
Lh|i?ti?c #@*i Ac L_i*?} @|Ui_ aLM`Lh!ih 6*Ltc Lh!?} T@Tih Ebbbc Lh|
it|ih? N?iht|)
Lh|i?ti?c #@*i Ac @?_ ht|LTih tt@h_it Ebbe RaLM hi@|L? @?_ aLM #it|hU
|L? ? |i AiLh) Lu N?i4T*L)4i?|c +ii Lu ,UL?L4U 5|_it Sc b.eD
Lh|i?ti?c #@*i Ac @?_ ht|LTih tt@h_itc +iUi?| #ii*LT4i?| ? 5i@hU L_i*t
Lu |i w@MLh @h!i|c ? RO@?_MLL! Lu w@MLh ,UL?L4Ut VL* E ti?ui*|ih @?_
# @h_ i_tc 2DS.2S2Hc ,*tiih 5Ui?Uic 4t|ih_@4c bbb
,#c aLM B@?t @?_ aLM wLttit ? 6h4tc ? ,4T*L)4i?| |*LL!c fSSc ,#c
@htc bbe
c `@*|ih vc Ai 6 i_ ,4T*L)4i?| Lt|t Lu 5TiU@*3i_ w@MLhc ? RAi i@thi4i?|
Lu w@MLh Lt| Ea@U! , AhT*i||c i_ N?iht|) Lu U@}L hittc U@}Lc bH
f
c `@*|ih vc @?_ AL__ w W_tL?c 6h4 53i @?_ `@}itc ? RO@?_MLL! Lu w@MLh ,UL?L4Ut
VL* E ti?ui*|ih @?_ # @h_ i_tc 2SD22ec ,*tiih 5Ui?Uic 4t|ih_@4c
bbb
L_}ht!)c U@i* c N?L?tc ,t|@M*t4i?| 53ic @?_ W?|h@?_t|h) Ahi@| ,giU|tc W?_t
|h@* @?_ w@MLh +i*@|L?t +ii b EbHSc 2..2He
5@?| @*c B**itc Ai O} N?i4T*L)4i?| Ah@Tc "@h|ih*) aLh?@* Lu ,UL?L4Ut f
EbbDc D2.eb
5|L*ic w@ht c @?_ aighi) ~iMi*c h}@?3@|L?@* #it}? @?_ AiU?L*L}) @?}i ?_ih
W?|h@€h4 @h}@??}c 4ihU@? ,UL?L4U +ii HS EbbSc bD222
`ittc wiL?@h_ `c L?Ui?|h@|L? @?_ w@MLh ,@h??}tc 4ihU@? ,UL?L4U +ii DS
EbSSc bS.
`ittc ?_hi @?_ Oi?h) a w@?_@c `@}itc Oh?} 5|@?_@h_tc @?_ 6h4 53ic aLh?@* Lu
w@MLh ,UL?L4Ut 2 EbHec e.bebb

A@M*i G @h@4i|ih @*it uLh t@4T*i tL*|L? @?_ 6}hit
E L44L? T@h@4i|ihtG @|U?} u?U|L? i*@t|U|)
@|U?} u?U|L? tU@*i
V@U@?U) ULt| t*LTi
#tUL?| h@|i
,4T*L)iit< M@h}@??} t@hi
W?UL4i i? ?i4T*L)i_
D
1
S
o
q
5
feff
fff
2DSf
ffSf
feff
fHff
E L_i* | L?t|@?| +i|h? |L 5U@*iG
# 'fDS
B 'ffS
ffbH
tR? D
#2 'fD
B2 'ff.
fSe
# 'fD
B 'ffH
f2.S
#e 'feH
Be 'ffb
feS
w@MLh _i4@?_ t*LTi j
@|h@* Ah?Lih 4
@h!i| |}|?itt T*L
#D 'feS
BD 'f
ff
f2ff
22
E w?i@h L_i* | #iUhi@t?} +i|h? |L w@MLh( EL |h@?t|L? @UhLtt h?} t|@|itG
tR? S
# 'S.
B 'ffS
ff2
#2 'eb
B2 'ff.
ffD
# '
B 'ffb
ffHb
#e 'b
Be 'ff
fDf
w@MLh _i4@?_ t*LTi
@|h@* Ah?Lih
@h!i| |}|?itt Ei^*Mh4
N?i4T*L)i_ i*u@hi L Ei^*Mh4
#D 'fS
BD 'f2
f2D2
j
4
ET*L oa L
#S 'fbD
BS 'fD
fe2e
ff
ffff
22
fH.e
E w?i@h L_i* | #iUhi@t?} +i|h? |L w@MLh( E Ah@?t|L?t @UhLtt h?} t|@|it @**Li_G
# 'bf
B 'fD
#2 'Sb
B2 'fH
# 'eS
B 'f2.
Ah@?t|L? 4@|h G
fff
fDf
fS
fDf
fff
fSe
fDf
fDf
fff
w@MLh _i4@?_ t*LTi
@|h@* Ah?Lih
@h!i| |}|?itt
j
4
T*L
2
f2D
ffff
22
#. 'f.f
B. 'f2.
A@M*i 2G aLM 6*Lt M) 6h4 53i
Ilup Vl}h
3o? 6o?
6o? 8o?
8o? :o?
:o? 45o?
45o? 4
Mre
Fuhdwlrq
31498
31564
31473
31436
3136:
Mre
Ghvwuxfwlrq
31363
313:7
313:;
313:4
31395
Mre
Uhdoorfdwlrq
314<8
31638
3154;
314:7
313<<
Qhw Hpsor|phqw
Fkdqjh
31468
3148;
31396
31366
031358
Hpsor|phqw
Vkduh
315;3
31477
31494
31536
31545
A@M*i G Lhhi*@|L? @|h
Oderu g1
Zdjh
Hpsor|p1
Mre fu1
Surwv
Oderu g1
4133
31<6
31:5
31;7
3164
Zdjh
31<6
4133
3173
31<5
3143
Hpsor|p1
31:5
3173
4133
3167
318;
Mre fu1
31;7
31<5
3167
4133
03138
Surwv
3164
3143
318;
03138
4133
A@M*i eG `@}i #gihi?|@*t @?_ `@}i #tTihtL? M) 6h4 53i
Ilup Vl}h
3o? 6o?
6o? 8o?
8o? :o?
:o? 45o?
45o? 4
Phdq Zdjh
Glhuhqwldo
031367
3139<
3139<
313;6
31377
Ehwzhhq Sodqw
Frhflhqw ri Yduldwlrq
31769
31484
313;9
31387
3134;
6}hi G hLM@M*|) _i?t|) Lu i4T*L)4i?| @| h?} €h4tG UL?t|@?| hi|h?t ? ThL_U|L?
@?_ TLt|i |h?Lih
e
6}hi 2G `@}i u?U|L?tG UL?t|@?| hi|h?t ? ThL_U|L? @?_ TLt|i |h?Lih L?|i
@h*L t@4T*i Lu fff LMtih@|L?tc | *?i@h hi}hittL?
D
6}hi G hLM@M*|) _i?t|) Lu i4T*L)4i?| @| h?} €h4tG _iUhi@t?} hi|h?t ? ThL_U
|L?c ?L |h?Lih
S
6}hi eG `@}i u?U|L?tG _iUhi@t?} hi|h?t ? ThL_U|L?c ?L |h?Lih , @U| UL?_|L?@*
i TiU|@|L? @?_ L?|i @h*L t@4T*i Lu fff LMtih@|L?tc | *?i@h hi}hittL?
.
6}hi DG `@}i u?U|L?tG _iUhi@t?} hi|h?t ? ThL_U|L?c ?L |h?Lih( TLt|i ThLM@M*|)
Lu |h@?t|L? @UhLtt TLt|i@U@?U) t|@|it L?|i @h*L t@4T*i Lu Dff LMtih@|L?tc |
*?i@h hi}hittL?
H