AP 24 TEST BANK 2015
1. Which of the following was most directly
responsible for the rise in literacy in the 19th century
Europe?
Women instructors at primary schools
The growth of suburbs
The growing prestige of the school teaching
profession
The increased availability of state financed primary
education
Vastly improved textbook translations
2. In the period between 1871 and 1914, European
governments regarded public education for the
masses as important primarily because it would
(A)
discourage emigration to the New World
(B)
ensure that children received
comprehensive religious instruction
(C)
ensure that laborers were informed
participants in the union movement
(D)
provide society with well-informed and
responsible citizens
(E)
lead to woman suffrage
3.The philosophy that human intellectual
development culminates in science is called
Rationalism
Empiricism
Positivism
Collectivism
Realism
4.Which of the following figures is regarded as the
father of sociology?
Sigmund Freud
Carl Jung
Auguste Comte
Charles Darwin
Thomas Henry Huxley
5. All of the following were advocates of the
collective theory of behavior EXCEPT
Emile Durkheim
Georges Sorel
Max Weber
Graham Wallas
Vilfredo Pareto
6. Social Darwinists believed that
Darwinism was inapplicable to the study of societies
Nations operate under the principle of natural
selection
Colonialism was wrong
“survival of the fittest” applied to animals, not
nations
Much could be learned from the cultures of Africa
and Asia
7. The ideas that that competition was natural and
necessary for social progress was promoted by
Karl marx
Charles Darwin
Charles Fourier
Herbert Spencer
Robert Owen
8. Which of the following was an outgrowth of the
strain of thought known as Social Darwinism
Eugenics
Poor relief
Workhouses
Child labor laws
Women’s suffrage
9. Which of the following scientific theories of the
nineteenth and twentieth centuries was used
to support notions of racial superiority?
(A)
James’s theory of pragmatism
(B)
Freud’s psychoanalytic theory
(C)
Darwin’s theory of natural selection
(D)
Planck’s quantum theory
(E)
Pavlov’s theory of conditioned response
10. Which of the following ideas did Darwin draw on
in developing his theories of evolution?
(A) The Romantics’ ideas about the importance of
heroic individuals
(B) The scientific view that species are eternal and
unchanging
(C) The Biblical account of creation in Genesis
(D) Nineteenth-century theories of manifest destiny
(E) The population theories of Thomas Malthus
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AP 24 TEST BANK 2015
11. The scientific theory that all life had evolved
from a common origin, by a process of struggle for
survival, and was applied by social thinkers to human
affairs was developed by
Charles Darwin
Gregor Mendel
Herbert Spencer
Jean Baptiste Lamarck
Auguste Comte
12.In Origin of Species, Charles Darwin addresses the
a. bases of the British constitution
b. need to protect endangered species from
extinction
c. transmutation over time of plant and animal life
d. effect of gravity on the orbits of planets
e. inevitable disappearance of human beings
13. When Charles Darwin published On the Origin of
Species in 1859, he used the phrase “origin of
species” to mean which of the following?
(A)
The beginning of life on Earth
(B)
The original appearance of the species first
described in the book of Genesis
(C)
The earliest distillation of genera into
species
(D)
The transmutation of any species into
another over time
(E)
The degeneration of primal species into
15. Which of the following statements best describes
Charles Darwin's theory of evolution?
(A) Changes in species result from periodic
catastrophic geological events that alter the
environment.
(B) All creatures living today descended from a single
common ancestor in an inevitable process.
(C) The emergence of new species, as seen in the
fossil record, is attributable solely to genetic
mutations.
(D) Species tend to reproduce geometrically but
their subsistence grows arithmetically.
(E) New species emerge after gradually accumulating
new modifications.
16. Unlike Darwin’s evolutionary theory, which was
generally accepted among scientists, his mechanism
of natural selection
a.never really received support withing the scientific
community
was accepted only later with the corrob orating
evidence of modern genetics
was seriously flawed
infuriated evolutionary biologists
conflicted with the prevailing genetic trends
17. Charles Darwin, in the Origin of Species(1859),
put forward the idea that
Competition was natural and necessary for social
progress
Human nature was essentially cooperative
Biological diversity was the product of a purely
natural process
Competition was the root of class conflict
Human beings evolved from apes
18. “All forms of life developed from earlier forms.
In every case the fittest survived and the weak died
out. It is the same for people and nations.”
This passage expresses a view most often found in
Utopian socialism.
Fundamentalism.
Social Darwinism.
Liberalism.
19. The idea that society should let strong men
dominate and not protect the weak is most closely
associated with the work of
Thomas Henry Huxley
Herbert Spencer
Jules Ferry
David Friedrich Strauss
William Paley
20. 19th century racial thought was characterized by
An appreciation of the contributions made by
different races to the world’s civilizations
A hierarchy of “superior” and “inferior” races
Belief in the equality of all races, based on their
biological differences
An attention to ethnic rather that racial differences
e.A lack of prejudice in racial classifications
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AP 24 TEST BANK 2015
21. During the 19th century, the Church
Faced renewed intellectual skepticism
Was revered as a source of morality in a changing
world
Was largely abandoned by believers
Was characterized by the deterioration of the
papacy
Had few conflicts with governments in Europe
22. Kulturkamf was a policy promoted by
Auguste Comte
Otto von Bismark
Jules Ferry
Friedrich Nietzsche
Carl Jung
23. The 1870 English political cartoon shown above
is a comment on
(A) the division of Italy into a number of religious
and secular states
(B) the pope’s retention of spiritual authority in
spite of his loss of temporal control
(C) the military power of the pope as opposed to
that wielded by the king
(D) church control of secondary education
(E) the eagerness of the pope to ally himself with
the king
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AP 24 TEST BANK 2015
24. Cultural Relativism-that the validity of a society’s
values depend upon its political and economic
context-was encouraged in the 20th century by the
theories of
Herbert Spencer
Sigmund Freud
Albert Einstein
Thomas Huxley
Isaac Newton
30. Albert Einstein is well known for theorizing that
(A) atoms are stable, basic building blocks of nature
(B) time and space are unconnected concepts
(C) light contains energy only when it is visible
(D) mass and energy are interconvertible
(E) the speed of an aircraft cannot exceed the speed
of sound
25. The work of Max Planck and Albert Einstein
undermined belief in the natural laws and rational
worldview of what earlier scientist?
Ernest Rutherford
George Orwell
Werner Heisenberg
Isaac Newton
Soren Kierkegaard
26.Louis Pasteur’s research into germ theory in the
nineteenth century is significant because it
A created safety standards for machine workers.
B led to techniques that increase crop production.
C identified the importance of vitamins to nutrition.
D proved that cleanliness helps to prevent
infections.
27. The first person to isolate radium was
Louis Pasteur
Marie Curie
Max Planck
Ernest Rutherford
e.William Siemens
28. .__________________ was the biggest medical
advancement of the 18th century
Germ theory of disease
X-ray
Smallpox inoculation
Surgery under ansesthesia
The humane treatment of the mentally ill
29. The scientific theories of Ernest Rutherford, Max
Planck, and Albert Einstein
Challenged Newtonian physics
Further explained Newtonian physics
Were rapidly understood and accepted by the
masses
Were closely connected with the ideas of Charles
Darwin
Said that the subatomic world behaved similarly to
the visible world
31. The image shown above is an example of a new
technique for examining the human body which
was discovered by
(A) Faraday (B) Pasteur (C) Lister (D) Roentgen
(E) Planck
32. Which of the following was a result of Einstein's
publication of the special theory of relativity in
1905?
a. The quantum theory of Max Planck was
disproved
b. The accomplishments of Pierre and Marie Curie
were rendered obsolete
c. Basic assumptions of classical physics about
space and time had to be revised
d. Nations of the world immediately began an
intensive research effort to create an atomic
bomb
e. Physicists concentrated on developing a method
of traveling faster than the speed of light
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AP 24 TEST BANK 2015
33. The revolution in understanding the nature
treatment and prevention of infectious diseases
was largely due to the discoveries of
(A)
Darwin Huxley and Wallace
(B)
Herder, Chateaubnand, and de
Stael
(C)
Nietzsche
(D)
Alembert
(E)
Gobineau, Chamberlain, and
38.The literary works of Charles Dickens, Emile Zola,
and Gustav Flaubert are all considered to be part of
which school of literature
Realism
Gothic
Neo-classicism
Romanticism
e.Modernism
Fontenelle, Diderot, and d
Jenner, Lister, and Pasteur
34. The new physics caused much scientific controversy in the early twentieth century primarily
because it
(A)
led to the use of x-rays for medical
diagnosis
(B)
inspired the first attempts to build an
atomic bomb
(C)
placed Germany at the forefront of fundamental scientific research
(D)
challenged traditional notions of causality,
time, and space
(E)
showed that God could not intervene in the
universe except spiritually
35. Two of the leaders in the nineteenth-century
development of the germ theory of disease were:
(A) Marie Curie and Max Planck
(B) Gregor Mendel and Auguste Comte
(C) John Dalton and Michael Faraday
(D) Louis Pasteur and Robert Koch
(E) Jonas Salk and Francis Crick
36. Writers from the school of naturalism described
the world in which
Nature is positive and in accord with the human
spirit
All things that happen are part of a broad scheme of
things
God is master of the universe
Reason and natural law prevail
things happen entirely by chance
37. 20th century writers, such as the Irish novelist
James Joyce, established a style of interior
monologues called
Soliloquies
Asides
Stream of consciousness
Realism
Naturalism
39. Naturalism in literature
Said that the world is good and is overseen by a
benevolent God
Contended that man is at the mercy of chance in a
neutral universe
Said evil is ever present and perhaps overpowering
Argued that nature is good and will in time defeat
the forces of evil
Became a major trend early in the 19th century
40.Virginia Woolf’s A Room of One’s own became an
important piece of feminist writing for pointing out
Why women needed to advance their own political
agenda outside mainstream British politics
Why women needed to vote
How women could achieve equality only when the
divorce laws are changed
Why women found it difficult to be taken seriously
as writer and intellectuals
That modern society had opened up new
opportunities for women
41. Which of the following is famous for his
newspaper article “J accuse”in support of Alfred
Dreyfus
Adolphe Thiers
Marshall MacMahon
Emile Zola
Pierre Joseph Proudhon
e.George Boulanger
42. The pessimism and alienation of the Age of
Anxiety influenced writers such as James Joyce and
Virginia Woolf to experiment with a literary
technique in which emotions and thoughts from the
unconscious surfaced randomly. It was called
Dadaism
Surrealism
Stream of consciousness
Bauhaus functionalism
Ashcan realism
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AP 24 TEST BANK 2015
43. Monet, Renoir, and Pisarro pioneered which
style of painting?
Romaniticism
Impressionism
Realism
Abstractionism
Cubism
44. All of the following artists worked in the
Impressionist style EXCEPT
Edgar Degas
Camille Pissarro
EdouardManet
Theodore Gericault
Claude Monet
45 The work of French artist Georges Seurat differed
from that of the mainline impressionist in that
Seurat
Used stronger lines and brighter colors
Concentrated on painting trains and railroad stations
Did more abstract work
Used tiny dot of primary colors
e.
Did all of the above
46.The impressionist painters of late 19th century
France were most interested in
Creating dreamlike images
Overlaying geometric shapes
Using bright colors and simple lines
Experimenting with the effects of light
48. PabloPcasso’sGuerica(1937) depicts
The Impressionist style
The bombing of the town of Guernica by German
planes
The savagery of the fighting between fascists and
socialists
The valiant resistance of the socialists
Hitler invading Spain
49. In which of the following artistic movements did
Pablo Picasso participate?
Impressionism
Cubism
Expressionism
Surrealism
II and IV
II only
II and III
I and II
All four
50. The impressionist artists
Concentrated on the effects of light and often
painted out-of-doors
Painted street scenes and railroad stations
Gathered around Monet at Argenteuil, a suburb of
Paris
Frequently featured sunligt on water
Did all of the above
47. Artist who worked n the Impressionist style
attempted to
Make their images as realistic as possible
Show disdain for the modern world
Create images that blended with previously held
artistic styles
Propel their art into the modern world by refusing to
paint nature
Capture the initial fleeting effect that occurs when
one first sees and object
48. Artist who demonstrated “cubism” included
Monet and Renoir
Degas and Pissaro
Seurat and Gauguin
Kandinsky and Munch
Pisarro and Braque
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AP 24 TEST BANK 2015
51. The painting above, Musical Forms (1931 ) by
Georges Braque, is an example of which of the following schools of painting?
(A) Romantic
(B)Impressionist
(C) Cubist
(D) Expressionist
(E) Realist
52. Claude Monet is associated with the beginnings
of the artistic movement known as
a. Romanticism
b. Impressionism
c. Realism
d. Dadaism
e. Cubism
53. The modern style of painting that focused on
mood and imagination rather than on portraying
nature or real objects was
Baroque
Expressionism
Impressionism
Romantic
Functionalism
54. The painting above, the “Gare Saint-Lazare”
(1877) by Claude Monet, is an example of which of
the following schools of painting?
(A) Abstract
(B) Surrealism
(C) Cubist
(D) Impressionist
(E) Baroque
55. The artistic and literacy movement that reacted
to the rationalism of the Enlightenment by
emphasizing the emotional component of with
humanity along with individual freedom was
Impressionism
Expressionism
Realism
Social Darwinism
Romanticism
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AP 24 TEST BANK 2015
56. The psychoanalytical theories that fostered the
belief that human behavior is basically irrational
belonged to
Sigmund Freud
Aristotle
Charles Darwin
Jean-Paul Sartre
Oswald Spengler
61. Sigmund Freud
Claimed that the super ego , the conscience, controls
most of human behavior
Saw dreams as key to the unconscious
Became the focus of much anti- Semitism
Believed that the unconscious has limited influence
on behavior
Made humans feel more in control of their lives
57. The philosopher whose ideas that Christian
humility and rationalism had cause a decline in
Western Civilization was
Friedrich Nietzsche
Henri Bergson
Ludwig Wittgenstein
Max Planck
Georges Sorel
62. When Sigmund Freud remarked that “in mental
life nothing which has once been formed can
perish,” he meant that
(A) human beings are rational creatures
(B) human beings can remember and recall all experiences at will
(C) all mental acts are conscious mental acts
(D) the unconscious preserves unpleasant as well
as pleasant thoughts
(E) the unconscious obliterates excess thoughts
58. A revolution in psychology at the end of the 19th
century popularized the notion that human behavior
springs from irrational forces and unconscious urges.
It was pioneered by
Auguste Comte
Leopold von Ranke
Sigmund Freud
William James
Carl Gustav Jung
59. Nietzsche’s main problem with Christianity was
that
It glorified weakness rather than strength
It had been disproved by modern science
It promoted intolerance of other faiths
It was monotheistic
It demanded self-sacrifice and required strict
adherence to doctrine
60. In Sigmund Freud’s most important book, The
Interpretation of Dreams, he argues that
Unconscious drives and desires contribute to
conscious behavior
There is no mediation between the id and the ego
The content of dreams have no reason able scientific
explanation
Sexuality can be determined during infancy
Dreams contain little or no available information
about a person’s psyche
63. When Sigmund Freud remarked that “in mental
life nothing which has once been formed can
perish,” he meant that
(A) human beings are rational creatures
(B) human beings can remember and recall all experiences at will
(C) all mental acts are conscious mental acts
(D) the unconscious preserves unpleasant as well
as pleasant thoughts
(E) the unconscious obliterates excess thoughts
64. Which of the following is one of Sigmund Freud's
most significant contributions to twentieth-century
thought?
a. Spontaneous affection is harmful
b. Unconscious psychological energy is sexual
energy
c. Dreams are unrelated to waking thought
d. Family life has little to do with mental illness
e. Each individual's personality is predetermined by
genetic characteristics
65. Which of the following had the greatest
influence on the work of the French Surrealist
painters in the period between the First and Second
World Wars?
(A)
Freudian psychology
(B)
Rules of painting developed during the
Renaissance
(C)
Seventeenth-century Dutch landscape
painters
(D)
Nineteenth-century theological speculation
(E)
The clean, sharp lines of African art
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AP 24 TEST BANK 2015
66. All of the following concepts are associated with
Sigmund Freud’s theories of psychoanalysis EXCEPT
(A) superego
(B) sublimation
(C) collective unconscious
(D) Oedipus complex
(E) repression
67. Which of the following is most closely associated
with Friedrich Nietzsche?
(A) Creation of Israel as a religious state
(B) Protective legislation concerning child labor
(C) The elimination of all trade barriers and tariffs
(D) The right of women to own property
(E) The rejection of bourgeois morality
68. Max Weber’s The Protestant Ethic and the Spirit
of Capitalism attempted to show
How capitalism grew out of the Protestant religious
belief
How capitalism was anathema to Protestantism
Why Protestants should embrace capitalism
How John Calvin was indirectly the father of free
markets
What modern economies can learn from Protestant
theology
69. Theodore Herzl argued that because of the
increased anti-semitism in Europe, it would be
necessary for Jews to
Try to blend into the larger European population
Recommit themselves to religious tradition
Create a homeland of their own
Go to the US where there was religious freedom
Organize associations to come to the aide of their
hard-pressed brethren
70. Theodore Herzl was a Jewish journalist who
Defended Alfred Dreyfus when he was accused of
treason
Fought the idea of ghettos in Russia and Eastern
Europe
Wrote a book praising Jewish cultural achievements
First pushed for the created of a Jewish state in
Palestine
Was the first president of Israel
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