Regional Gross Value Added
Ian Cope, David Vincent, John Marais and
Paul Lucas
Regional and Local Division
Office for National Statistics
Room B4/10
1 Drummond Gate
London SW1V 2QQ
Tel: 020 7533 5809
E-mail: [email protected]
Executive Summary
This article presents estimates of regional (NUTS1) Gross Value
Added (GVA) at current basic prices for 1989 to 2001 first published
in Office for National Statistics (ONS) News Releases on 14 August
2003 and 20 August 2003. These estimates are consistent with
the estimates of UK GVA published in the 2002 edition of the UK
National Accounts – The Blue Book.1
The headline estimates that are presented are a moving
average based trend of the unadjusted estimates for each
region. These adjusted series remove some year to year
volatility in the unadjusted series.
The estimates for 2001 show that:
• Growth in total GVA, compared to 2000, was largest in London,
the South East and the East of England. The regions with the
smallest growth in 2001 compared to 2000 were Scotland and
the East Midlands.
• GVA per head of population was greatest in London, the South
East and the East of England, and these were the only regions
with a GVA per head above the UK average. The North East
and Northern Ireland had the lowest GVA per head in 2001.
‘Economic Trends’ No. 599 October 2003 © Crown copyright 2003
Introduction
This article contains a more detailed explanation of the material
included in the 20 August 2003 release of estimates of UK regional
(NUTS1) Gross Value Added (GVA) at current basic prices for 1989
to 2001 (see Annex C, paragraph 4 for explanation of NUTS areas).
It expands on the regional GVA article published on 14 August
2003, and presents provisional estimates of regional GVA for 2000
and 2001, as well as the revised estimates for 1989 to 1999 first
published on 14 August 2003. Regional GVA estimates are calculated
according to the income approach, and are consistent with the
European System of Accounts 1995.2 Due to the absence of Inland
Revenue regional data on wages and salaries, the estimates for
1997 to 2001 are marked as provisional. A glossary of abbreviations
is given in Annex D.
The article is divided into the following parts:
Part 1
Part 2
– Headlines
– Progress since December 2002
Part 3
Part 4
– Final regional GVA estimates
– Revisions analysis since withdrawn November 2002
dataset
Part 5
– Revisions analysis since February 2001 publication
Part 6
– Future work plans
Part 7
– Diversity of the NUTS1 regions
Part 8
– Conclusions
Regional GVA tables
Annex A – Revisions since withdrawn November 2002 dataset
Annex B – Revisions since February 2001 publication
Annex C – Background notes (including methodological notes)
Annex D – Glossary of abbreviations
23
Part 1 – Headlines
• Only London, the South East and the East of England had a
growth rate above the UK excluding Extra-Regio average. As a
GVA by region
result, their share of total UK GVA increased, while that of all the
• In 2001, the region with the greatest share of GVA was London,
other regions decreased.
• The smallest GVA growth in 2001 was for Scotland: up 3.0 per
with 16.5 per cent of total UK GVA excluding Extra-Regio.
• Northern Ireland had the smallest share, at 2.2 per cent.
cent compared to the previous year.
Growth in total GVA
GVA per head of population
• Both UK total GVA and UK total GVA excluding Extra-Regio grew
• In 2001, GVA per head was £14,500 for the UK as a whole
by 4.3 per cent in 2001 compared to 2000.
(excluding Extra-Regio GVA).
• Total GVA increased in all the UK regions in 2001, although there
• London had the largest GVA per head, £19,500, which was 35
was variation in the rate of increase.
per cent above the UK average.
• The greatest growth was in London: 5.4 per cent higher than in
• The North East had the lowest GVA per head, at £11,000.
• London, the South East and the East of England were the only
2000.
regions with a GVA per head of population above the average
for the UK.
Table A: Regional GVA 20011,2
Total (£bn)
Share of
UK (%)
Growth on
2000 (%)
Per head
(£)
Per head
index
(UK=100)
851.4
27.7
87.6
61.9
100.0
3.3
10.3
7.3
4.3
3.7
4.2
3.8
14,500
11,000
13,000
12,500
100.0
76.1
89.9
86.2
East Midlands
West Midlands
55.4
68.8
6.5
8.1
3.4
3.5
13,300
13,100
91.7
90.3
East of England
London
South East
South West
85.8
140.4
138.9
63.6
10.1
16.5
16.3
7.5
5.0
5.4
5.1
4.0
15,900
19,500
17,300
12,900
109.9
134.9
119.9
89.0
730.0
33.1
69.2
19.1
85.7
3.9
8.1
2.2
4.5
3.8
3.0
3.8
14,800
11,400
13,700
11,300
102.6
78.8
94.4
78.2
Region
United Kingdom3
North East
North West
Yorkshire and the Humber
England
Wales
Scotland
Northern Ireland
1.
2.
3.
24
GVA at current basic prices.
Estimates are on a residence basis.
Excluding Extra-Regio and statistical discrepancy. The GVA for Extra-Regio comprises compensation of employees and gross operating surplus which cannot be assigned to
regions. Including Extra-Regio and the statistical discrepancy, UK total GVA was £874.2bn in 2001, an increase of 4.3 per cent on 2000.
Figure 1 United Kingdom: GVA per head, 2001
���
£18,000 and over
£16,000 – £17,999
£14,000 – £15,999
£12,000 – £13,999
£10,000 – £11,999
© Crown Copyright. All rights reserved (ONS.GD272183.2003).
25
Part 2 – Progress since December 2002
This part outlines the work that has been done since December 2002
to ensure that the regional GVA estimates are fit for publication.
Withdrawal of November 2002 dataset
On 10 December 2002, the ONS withdrew revised regional GVA
estimates for the period 1989 to 1999, originally published on 21
November 2002, and deferred publication of provisional regional
GVA estimates for 2000 and 2001, planned for 17 December 2002.
It was identified that ABI/2 data used by the regional GVA production
team were based on Standard Statistical Regions, but erroneously
processed as if the data were Government Office Region data.
ONS also announced on 3 December 2002 that errors had been
identified in the ABI/2. Public sector organisations were incorrectly
included in the population in the sections of education and health
and social work. This mistake led to errors in the ABI/2 regional
estimates for these sections, although the totals for the UK as a
whole were correct. All other sections were affected by a relatively
minor compensating error.
Actions taken by ONS
Following the withdrawal of the November 2002 regional GVA dataset,
Len Cook, the National Statistician, commissioned Frank Nolan of
Table B: Nolan Review recommendations and ONS action taken to implement them
Nolan Review recommendation
ONS action taken to date
Data Release
That the revised 1989–1999 and the new
2000–2001 NUTS1 level regional accounts
estimates could be published after both
the production quality checks (including
new checks) have been completed and the
peer review process has concluded. This
should include revised per capita estimates,
updated from the 2001 Census (if they are
available).
A list of quality assurance checks has been drawn up on raw data received and estimates
produced by Regional Accounts Branch. These include:
•
checking of geographic codes, units and industrial classifications;
•
additivity checks to ensure regional totals sum to UK totals, including to UK totals
from The Blue Book 2002;
•
each new or revised data source has been processed separately, so that the effects
on the GVA estimates of the changes to the data can be analysed. (Parts 4 and 5 of
this article provide more information on this revisions analysis.)
Quality check sheets are signed off by senior team members.
A comprehensive peer review process has been undertaken, as explained below.
The revised mid-year population estimates for 1989 to 2001 have been incorporated into
the current set of regional GVA estimates.
Process
That the regional accounts production uses
formal project management practice in the
delivery of the statistical outputs and there is
documentation of project plans, timetables,
quality plans, risk, processes and methods.
A Regional Accounts Project Board has been established to oversee the production of
regional accounts, including regional GVA. The project board manages risks, approves
significant changes in timetable and methods, and ensures that an effective audit trail
of decisions is maintained. The project board has helped formalise production of the
regional accounts. For the future, more work is needed on identifying and monitoring
risks. In addition, regional accounts staff have been trained in the foundations of project
management.
That staff skills in the work area are reviewed
with the aim of increasing the understanding
of continuous quality improvement, of
increasing the level of understanding of the
methods used, and of increasing the level of
understanding of the statistical software.
Since March, regional accounts staff have received training in project management,
quality assurance principles/practices, and in the SAS package used for the regional GVA
processing system. There is better understanding within the team of the methodology
used to calculate regional GVA, and key team members have received technical and
management coaching from senior ONS managers.
New staff with an economic statistics background have been brought into the regional
accounts team on both a permanent and temporary basis, to speed up the production of
a fit-for-purpose dataset.
26
Reconciling differences in the output •
quality peer review process needs careful
consideration. In particular there needs to be
an interactive process of challenges to the
data, responses to those challenges, ideally •
by fast data analysis (at the micro level) and
decisions on changes required.
•
•
The peer review process involved meetings with, and input from, representatives
of: the Department of Trade and Industry, the Office of the Deputy Prime Minister,
the Scottish Executive, the National Assembly for Wales, and the Northern Ireland
Statistics and Research Agency.
The peer review process largely identified problems with the regional accounts
data inputs. The major task since December 2002 has thus been to put in place
comprehensive processes to quality assure the regional accounts data inputs. This
has meant reviewing up to 20,000 series, and building tools to enable rapid analysis
of series.
Results based on quality-assured input data were shared for peer review; relatively
few queries were identified but these were all recorded, followed up with data
source owners, and decisions made. In most cases the ‘odd’ movements could be
confirmed by real-life explanations. All such investigations and decisions are clearly
documented.
Peer reviewers bring local knowledge and have helped ONS correct key input data
where the time series were not credible. The peer review process also has acted
as a challenge function for regional GVA methods and processing. For the future, it
would be helpful if peer reviewers were involved earlier, in the quality assurance of
the key input datasets (eg ABI).
That a cost benefit analysis of this
programme is undertaken to determine if the
level of investment (resource commitment) is
not too low. There is a view that in moving
to a key economic indicator used in funding
decisions, there has not been a matching
increase in resource.
A cost benefit analysis has not been carried out, as the top priority has been to re-publish
a fit-for-purpose regional GVA dataset. However, the ONS has recognised the importance
of the regional accounts by allocating an additional £150k each year, and a one-off £75k
for 2003/04. In addition, a new Regional and Local Division has been created to unify
ONS regional statistics work, including geographic frames and statistical practices;
evaluation of statistical sources, and presentation of regional results. It has also been
decided that management of regional accounts should move to National Accounts from
1 October 2003 to give Regional Accounts Branch more ready access to the National
Accounts resource of staff experienced in producing economic datasets.
Full support has been given to the Christopher Allsopp review of the information
framework needed to support the Government’s regional economic growth objectives.
This review will help define the requirements for regional economic statistics.
Higher quality regional outputs could be produced more cost-effectively if they were based
on detailed tax-records. ONS will therefore propose to the review of the organisation of
taxation in the UK, that ONS be able to obtain VAT and income tax return details, subject
to putting in place controls to ensure the continued confidentiality of such information.
That improvements are made in developing
and highlighting quality measures associated
with regional accounts outputs. There needs
to be more information on the strengths and
limitations of the estimates so that users can
balance their decisions with the quality of the
statistics.
This has not yet been done, due to the priority to produce the regional GVA estimates.
However, we have identified the need for fuller documentation of methods, data sources,
and of strengths/weaknesses. Such documentation should be readily available (eg via
the National Statistics website). This will be a priority once the regional GVA dataset
has been put back onto its normal publication cycle (i.e. publishing 2002 NUTS1 GVA
estimates in early 2004).
27
ONS’s Methodology Group to review the production of the regional
accounts. He reported to the National Statistician and identified a
number of problems with the management and quality assurance of
the Regional Accounts work. When in March 2003 it became clear
that early publication was not possible a reorganisation was put in
place to give greater priority to Regional Accounts. Since April 2003
the Regional Accounts work has essentially been redone but the
process has taken longer than originally expected. Thorough quality
assurance procedures have been put in place, particularly of ABI
data (in line with procedures already in place for National Accounts).
There has been extensive consultation with peer reviewers from DTI,
ODPM, the Scottish Executive, the National Assembly for Wales and
the Northern Ireland Statistics and Research Agency. ONS was not
able to pre-announce a publication date until we were confident that
we had a dataset that was the best that could be produced with the
current methods and data sources. The ONS pre-announced on
15 July that the 1989–99 dataset would be published on 14 August
2003, and the 2000–2001 data would be published (for the first time)
on 20 August 2003. The NUTS 2 and 3 dataset will be published
during October 2003.
The Nolan Review, published on 14 August 2003, identified that there
were shortcomings in the quality assurance of the raw data inputs,
of production processes, and of the final outputs. The Nolan Review
made a number of recommendations for the production of regional
(NUTS1) GVA estimates that have been addressed during the
production of the revised 1989–1999 and new 2000–2001 estimates.
Figure
The review’s NUTS1 recommendations are listed in Table B, along
with the actions taken to address the problems identified.
Part 3 – Final regional GVA estimates
Moving average based headline estimates of regional GVA
The headline estimates are a moving average based trend of the
unadjusted estimates for each region. The adjusted series remove
some year to year volatility in the unadjusted series. Further
explanation is provided towards the end of Part 4. The underlying
raw GVA results were produced using the same methodology
as for previous regional GVA estimates (barring a change to the
methodology for allocating Financial Intermediation Services
Indirectly Measured (FISIM) to the regions), and are provided in the
regional GVA tables later in this article, for information.
Treatment of commuting in regional GVA estimates
Regional GVA can be calculated both on a residence and a workplace
basis. Residence-based GVA allocates the incomes of commuters
to where they live, whereas workplace GVA allocates their incomes
to where they work. The GVA estimates presented here are on a
residence basis, and the breakdown of the totals by components of
income and by industry are currently only available on a residence
basis. However, workplace-based estimates are also provided in Table
4. The residence and workplace estimates are different from each
other only in the regions of London, the South East and the East
of England. For all other regions it has previously been determined
2
Percentage growth in total GVA compared to the previous year for selected regions, 1990–2001
Percentage
10.0
9.0
8.0
7.0
6.0
5.0
4.0
3.0
2.0
1.0
North East
Scotland
London
UK less extra-regio
0
1990
28
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
from the Census of Population that net commuting between regions
is not significant.
All references to regional GVA in this article refer to residence-based
figures unless otherwise stated.
Extra-Regio GVA
The contribution to GVA of UK embassies abroad and UK forces
stationed overseas is included in Extra-Regio, along with the element
of GVA relating to activities taking place on the continental shelf. As
these cannot be assigned to specific regions they are assigned as
‘Extra-Regio GVA’.
There was a significant increase in Extra-Regio GVA in 2000 and
2001. The Blue Book 2002 shows an increase between 1999 and
2000 in GVA in mining and quarrying, which is largely attributable
to increases in the gross trading profits of UK Continental Shelf
Companies (CSCs). CSCs are the oil and gas extracting companies,
and for the UK are largely based in the North Sea. In 2000 and 2001,
the oil price has been high, which gave strong profits for oil extraction
companies. The gross trading profits from CSCs are allocated to
Extra-Regio, rather than to a particular region.
Growth rates of total GVA
Total GVA has been increasing in all the UK regions, although there
is variation in the rate of increase, as shown in Figure 2. The growth
in total GVA between 2000 and 2001 was greatest in London (5.4
Figure
per cent) and the South East (5.1 per cent). These two regions plus
the East of England were the only regions to experience growth in
2001 above the UK (less Extra-Regio) average of 4.3 per cent. The
regions with the lowest growth between 2000 and 2001 were Scotland
(3.0 per cent) and the East Midlands (3.4 per cent).
GVA per head of population
For reasons of clarity, the figures in the remainder of Part 3 show only
the most recent six years. For the UK as a whole, excluding ExtraRegio, average GVA per head of population in 2001 was £14,500. The
regions above the UK average were London, which had the highest
level of GVA per head (£19,500), along with the South East (£17,300)
and the East of England (£15,900). All other regions were below the
UK average. The North East had the lowest GVA per head, £11,000,
followed by Northern Ireland (£11,300) and Wales (£11,400). GVA
per head of population has been growing in all regions, although
there is variation in the rate of this increase. Figure 3 below shows
estimates of GVA per head for each region.
Shares of GVA
Figure 4 is illustrative of GVA trends in the most recent years. It
shows each region’s share of UK GVA. In 2001, London (16.5 per
cent) and the South East (16.3 per cent) had the largest share while
Northern Ireland (2.2 per cent) and the North East (3.3 per cent)
had the smallest share. Over the period 1996 to 2001, the regional
shares of London, the East of England and the South East have
increased, while the shares of most of the other regions have,
consequently, fallen.
3
GVA per head, 1996–2001
£
20,000
1996
1998
2000
1997
1999
2001
18,000
16,000
14,000
12,000
10,000
8,000
6,000
4,000
2,000
0
North East North West Yorkshire &
the Humber
East
Midlands
West
Midlands
East of
England
London
South East South West
Wales
Scotland
Northern
Ireland
29
Figure
4
Regional shares of GVA, 1996–2001
Percentage
18.0
16.0
1996
1998
2000
1997
1999
2001
14.0
12.0
10.0
8.0
6.0
4.0
2.0
0
North East North West Yorkshire &
the Humber
Figure
East
Midlands
West
Midlands
East of
England
London
South East South West
Wales
Scotland
Northern
Ireland
South East South West
Wales
Scotland
Northern
Ireland
5
GVA per head, 1996–2001, index UK = 100
UK=100
140
130
1996
1998
2000
1997
1999
2001
120
110
100
90
80
70
North East North West Yorkshire &
the Humber
30
East
Midlands
West
Midlands
East of
England
London
GVA per head indices
Figure 5 shows GVA per head of population indexed to the UK
average (UK=100). London had the largest GVA per head index in
2001, at 134.9 – meaning that GVA per head was over a third greater
than the UK average for 2001 – while GVA per head in the North
East was a little over three-quarters of the UK average.
The GVA per head of London and the South East has grown much
more quickly than in the other regions in recent years. This therefore
means that the GVA per head index of most of the other regions has
been falling, despite the fact that the nominal GVA per head has
actually been increasing in every region.
Industrial breakdown of regional GVA
Estimates of the industrial breakdown of regional GVA are shown in
Table 3. For 1989 to 2000, these are consistent with published UK
industry totals. Regional estimates of the industry breakdown of GVA
are not yet available for 2001; these are only produced for those years
where the UK industry totals have been balanced through an InputOutput (supply-use) based balancing process. Regional industrial
breakdowns for 2001, consistent with the 2003 edition of the Blue
Book, will be published in 2004.
The headline regional GVA estimates are provided in Tables 1 to 4.
Part 4 – Revisions analysis since withdrawn November
2002 dataset
This part of the article explains the main reasons for revisions
between the current dataset and the withdrawn November 2002
dataset. Annex A quantifies their effect on regional GVA. The main
reasons for revisions are:
step changes between the data for 1998 onwards, and the data for
earlier years. The 1997 and earlier years were therefore scaled to
be consistent with 1998.
Now that the error in processing of ABI/2 data has been corrected, the
step change does not exist. It is not therefore necessary to scale the
data for the years leading up to 1998. This means that the currently
published dataset contains revisions to all years prior to 1998, even
though the major error was in processing ABI/2 data for 1998 and
later years. The error from allocating ABI/2 data to the wrong regions
was very much more significant than the error in calculation of public
sector results explained in Part 2.
The corrections to ABI/2 data have meant that GVA for all years from
1989 to 1999 have changed for all regions. The regions subject to
the largest overall revisions to total GVA were the West Midlands,
Scotland and the North West, where the mean annual revisions
to total GVA were –£5.9bn, +£2.1bn and +£1.9bn respectively.
The largest single revision was a decrease of £7.9bn in the West
Midlands in 1999.
Quality assurance of regional accounts production
Since the withdrawal of the November 2002 regional GVA dataset,
the ONS has introduced a far more rigorous process for quality
assuring the production of the regional GVA estimates. This has been
time-consuming since more than 20,000 series have needed
checking. The checking includes:
• Data Codes. All raw data are checked to ensure that any codes
and descriptors of data are consistent with ONS standard codes
on geography and industrial classification.
• Additivity. A number of checks have now been incorporated to
ensure that there is additivity throughout all series used. This
• Corrections to ABI/2 data.
• Quality assurance of data inputs and processes.
• Revisions to regional population estimates for 1989 to 1999
consistent with the 2001 Census.
• Change to methodology for treatment of FISIM.
• Calculating a moving average based trend headline series.
includes ensuring that any indicators used within the processing
system have additivity to the total UK figures, and that additivity
is maintained for UK controls.
• Any data derived within the system undergo detailed checking
to ensure that they can be audited back to the raw data.
• Quality assurance checks have been better documented and
improved audit trails put in place.
These revisions are now explained in detail.
Corrections to ABI/2 data
ABI/2 data are used to estimate the regional allocation of
Compensation of Employees (CoE) and Gross Operating Surplus
(GOS) for production industries. As explained in Part 2, the ABI/2
data were incorrectly processed and data were used for the wrong
regions. For example, indicator data for Scotland were erroneously
used for the West Midlands. The error meant that there were large
Quality assurance of the data inputs
As well as the quality assurance of the processing, these latest
regional GVA estimates have been produced following extensive
quality assurance of the underlying raw data, in line with practices
in place for National Accounts estimates. As part of this process a
number of discrepancies were found in the raw data, which have had
some significant impact at the regional level. Discussed below are
examples of the investigations that have been made and a number
of issues that have been resolved:
31
Figure
6
North West Manufacturing Subsection (Approximate GVA AB1/2)
£m
1,800
1,600
1,400
1,200
1,000
Revised Series
Original Series
800
600
400
200
0
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
Notes: Years 1989 to 1997 taken from Annual Census of Production. Years 1998 to 2000 taken from Annual Business Inquiry 2
Figure
7
East Midlands Manufacturing Subsection (Approximate GVA AB1/2)
£m
2,500
2,000
1,500
Revised Series
Original Series
1,000
500
0
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
Notes: Years 1989 to 1997 taken from Annual Census of Production. Years 1998 to 2000 taken from Annual Business Inquiry 2
32
2000
• Within the manufacturing sector it was discovered that for the
North West, ABI/2 GVA data for one of the main manufacturers
had been classified to a services industry. As the ABI/2 data
are used within the regional accounts system to distribute
manufacturing GVA across the regions, this misallocation of a
survey return would have meant that the GVA for the North West
region would have been understated. This has been corrected
as shown in Figure 6.
• Annual growth rates for ABI/2 grossed results can be quite
volatile. This can be caused by companies moving size bands,
and therefore having very different grossing factors. A particularly
large example of this effect is demonstrated in the chart above
Figure 7; a small real-world change in 1998 has resulted in a large
The overall effects of the quality assurance work, both of the
production process and of the raw data, have been to produce
revisions to GVA in all regions and years. The largest change is seen
in the South East in 1999, amounting to a decrease in total GVA of
£3.0bn, the majority of which was the result of a misallocation in one
of the raw data sources of a company’s profits to their headquarters
in the South East rather than split between all of the production
plants. One of the single biggest proportionate changes is for the
East Midlands in 1998, where the combined effect of the revisions
and quality assurance of data increases GVA by £1.7bn. The main
cause of this was the grossing factor effect described in Figure 7
above, which contributed £0.8bn towards this change. A number
of other smaller revisions, for example to a revision to STES data,
contribute the remaining £0.9bn change.
change in the grossed results. This series is used as a regional
indicator dataset for a number of profit-related components
of GVA and has been adjusted for use in the regional GVA
production process as shown in Figure 7.
The New Earnings Survey (NES – which gives estimates of
average salaries) and the Short-Term Employment Survey (STES
– which gives estimates of number of people employed) are used
to apportion GVA to the regions in the service industries. These
series have been quality-assured; few quality assurance changes
have been necessary.
Figure
Change to FISIM methodology
The regional GVA estimates presented today incorporate a
different methodology to regionally distribute UK totals of FISIM.
FISIM represents net receipts of interest accrued by banks and
building societies. It is not regarded as payments for services, and
must therefore be subtracted from profits. The GVA of the Financial
Intermediation industry is allocated between regions based on data
on wages and salaries, whereas FISIM was allocated based on
numbers of people employed. This inconsistency between allocation
methods led to odd regional results, particularly for 2000 and 2001.
The methodology has been changed so that the regional allocation of
FISIM is consistent with that of the Financial Intermediation industry.
8
Headline and unadjusted estimates of total GVA for the North West and Scotland, 1989–2001
£000
90
80
70
60
North West headline
50
North West unadjusted
Scotland headline
40
Scotland unadjusted
30
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
33
In each year, the effect of the methodological change was to decrease
GVA in London (by £4.1bn in 1999, the year of the biggest revisions),
while increasing the GVA of each of the other regions.
Calculating a moving average ‘trend’ headline series
Sampling and non-sampling errors in the raw data sources used for
regional accounts (including the ABI) at a regional level give rise
to volatility in the data. The headline regional GVA series for this
publication have been calculated using a five-period moving average.
These adjusted series remove some year to year volatility in the
unadjusted series. The unadjusted raw GVA results are provided
for information in Tables 9 to 12 of this article. NUTS2 and NUTS3
estimates of GVA for 1995 to 2001, planned for publication in October
2003, will be constrained to the headline regional GVA estimates
published in this release.
Figure 8 illustrates the difference between the headline data and raw
results for total GVA for Scotland, one of the regions whose GVA
series exhibit a greater degree of volatility, and the North West, one
of the less volatile regions.
Overall effect of revisions since withdrawn November 2002
publication
The effects of the main revisions to regional GVA since the
withdrawn November 2002 dataset are quantified in Annex A. The
most significant revisions were caused by the corrections to ABI/2
data and to the errors in processing those data; as described above,
the regions with the largest revisions because of these corrections
were the West Midlands, Scotland and the North West. The change
to the methodology for regionally distributing FISIM was the biggest
contributor to the downward revision to the GVA of London. The
revisions due to calculating a moving average ‘trend’ time series had
only a small impact on levels of total GVA, but their main effect was
to reduce the volatility in the year-on-year growth rates in total GVA.
The other revisions, such as the results of the quality assurance work,
have a lesser impact on total GVA. However these revisions have
been important in terms of giving confidence in the dataset.
Revisions to regional population estimates for 1981 to 1999
Following the results of the 2001 Census, ONS revised its midyear population estimates back to 1981. The mid-year population
estimates for each region are used to calculate estimates of GVA
per head. Population estimates for all regions have been revised
downwards, which has resulted in increases in GVA per head. In
1999, this had the biggest impact on London, the North West, the
South East and Yorkshire and the Humber, as can be seen in Table
C below, which compares regional estimates of GVA per head using
the old and the revised population estimates.
Part 5 – Revisions analysis since February 2001
publication
Part 2 outlined the problems that led to the withdrawal of the
November 2002 regional GVA dataset and described the quality
assurance processes introduced since then. Part 3 presented the
provisional estimates of regional GVA for 2000 and 2001. Part 4
has presented a revisions analysis against the November 2002
dataset (subsequently withdrawn on 10 December 2002). Part 5
compares the current regional GVA estimates for 1989 to 1999 to
the latest published dataset that was published in February 2001 and
subsequently in the March 2001 edition of Economic Trends.3
Table C: Changes in GVA per head in 1999 as a result of revised population estimates
United Kingdom1
North East
North West
Yorkshire and the Humber
East Midlands
West Midlands
East of England
London
South East
South West
Wales
Scotland
Northern Ireland
1. Excluding Extra-Regio.
34
GVA per head, using the old
population estimates (£)
GVA per head, using the revised
population estimates (£)
Difference (£)
13,140
10,037
11,748
11,434
12,346
12,014
14,313
17,450
15,459
11,901
10,436
12,684
10,441
13,369
10,235
11,997
11,666
12,486
12,175
14,522
18,054
15,698
12,053
10,593
12,802
10,521
229
198
248
232
141
161
208
604
238
152
156
118
80
The main reasons for revisions since the February 2001 regional
GVA publication are:
• Methodology correction relating to the treatment of profits data
for London, the East of England and the South East.
• Revisions to national controls (Blue Book 2001 and Blue Book
2002).
• Change in data source for manufacturing (ABI/2 data).
• Revisions to Labour Market data.
• Revisions to regional population estimates for 1989 to 1999
consistent with the 2001 Census.
• Change to methodology for treatment of FISIM.
• Calculating a moving average based trend headline series.
The effect of these revisions are shown in Annex B, and are now
discussed below.
Methodology correction
The regional GVA production process incorporates an adjustment to
some of the raw data that is designed to allow for the fact that some
of the raw data are on a residence basis while other raw data are
on a workplace basis. When the processing system was undergoing
quality assurance in the summer of 2001, an error was identified with
the treatment of profits data for London, the East of England and
the South East. The error meant that for some of the profits series,
residence-based raw data on wages and salaries were erroneously
used as a regional indicator, rather than workplace-based data. As
a result, profits in London were understated, while profits in the East
of England and South East were overstated. This was corrected for
in the November 2002 GVA publication. For 1998, the year of the
largest revisions, the effect of the changes were to increase the
GVA of London by £5.4bn, while decreasing the GVA of the East
of England and South East by £2.4bn and £3.0bn respectively. No
other regions are affected by the revisions.
Revisions to national controls
These regional GVA estimates reflect cumulative changes to UK
national control totals that were published in the 2001 and 2002
editions of the UK National Accounts – The Blue Book. These were
incorporated in the November 2002 GVA publication.
Blue Book 20014 included a number of significant revisions to UK
national controls for all years from 1989 to 1999. These revisions
were partially the result of a number of methodological changes to
the income component of GVA. For example, within the Rental Income
component, a number of the sector splits were reclassified, and local
authority housing was reclassified from the local government sector
to the public corporations sector.
The different mix of industries in each region means that the revisions
to national control totals are not spread uniformly across regions, but
have a differential impact. 1999 is the year with the largest revision
to UK total GVA. In 1999, the Blue Book revisions have the greatest
effect on the total GVA of the South East, London and the East of
England, leading to increases in GVA of £1.6bn, £1.5bn and £1.3bn
respectively. Extra-Regio GVA decreased by £0.3bn.
Blue Book 2002 incorporated revisions to UK national control
totals from 1997 onwards, which led to revisions to regional GVA
for the same years. In Blue Book 2002 there were also a number of
revisions to the components of GVA, particularly to CoE and GOS.
In 1999, which again had the largest revision to UK total GVA, there
were revisions to the GVA of all regions, with the largest revisions
being to the East of England (where GVA decreased by £3.9bn),
the South East (which increased by £3.3bn), and London (which
increased by £3.0bn).
Change in data source for manufacturing (ABI/2 data)
In the February 2001 results, the Annual Census of Production
(ACOP) data were used up to 1997 and projected forward for 1998
and 1999, to derive a regional indicator of profits for the manufacturing
industries. In September 2002, the ABI/2, which replaced the ACOP,
was published sub-nationally for 1998 to 2000. The current set of
regional GVA estimates has been compiled using the ABI/2-derived
regional indicator of profits for the manufacturing industries. This
change caused revisions to regional GVA estimates for 1998 and
1999; overall, 1999 saw the largest revisions to regional GVA. The
largest changes in 1999 were to the South East, which increased
by £2.2bn; Yorkshire and the Humber, which decreased by £1.1bn;
and London, which increased by £0.9bn.
Revisions to Labour Market data
The current set of regional GVA estimates have incorporated
revisions to STES data. Revisions to STES data for 1989 to 1999
were published in September 2002, while revisions to 2000 and
2001 data were published in December 2002. There were significant
revisions to the UK totals for all industries. These revisions have a
differential impact on industries and regions across the UK, and have
made a significant contribution to the overall revisions to regional
GVA estimates. STES data are used together with NES data as an
indicator dataset to derive regional and industry estimates of CoE
for non-manufacturing industries.
There were a number of revisions to the data across all regions from
1989 to 1999. The greatest effect of these revisions was to the East
of England, for which total GVA decreased by £1.4bn, £2.7bn and
£1.0bn in 1997, 1998 and 1999 respectively.
35
Revisions to regional population estimates, FISIM methodology
and calculating a moving average based trend headline series
The revisions to mid-year population estimates, the change to the
FISIM methodology, and the effects of calculating a moving average
based headline series, and examples of each of their effect on total
GVA, have been outlined in Part 4 above.
Overall effect of revisions since February 2001 publication
The effects of the main revisions to regional GVA since the February
2001 dataset are quantified in Annex B. Despite the fact that there
have been a number of revisions to the regional GVA data since the
February 2001 publication as described above, the revised regional
GVA estimates for 1989 to 1999 presented in this article give a picture
of regional GVA similar to the February data.
Estimates of sub-regional and local area GVA for 1995 to 2001, giving
figures for the UK broken down into the 37 NUTS2 and 133 NUTS3
areas, are due to be published in October 2003.
Further work for the 2002 GVA dataset
Revised Blue Book national controls, and revised ABI/2 data
The following revised datasets will become available between
publication of the current regional GVA estimates and the 2002
regional GVA dataset:
• The annual Blue Book will be published at the end of October
2003. This will contain revisions to UK control totals for the income
components of GVA.
• Revised ABI/2 data will also be published in September 2003
The most significant revisions were due to the methodology correction
relating to the treatment of profits; this caused the upward revisions to
London and the downward revisions to the South East and the East
of England described above. The change to the FISIM methodology
led to large downward revisions to London, although the upward
revisions to London due to the profits methodology correction more
than compensated for these. The introduction of revised national
controls from Blue Book 2002 led to large revisions in 1999, as
outlined above. The revisions due to calculating a moving average
‘trend’ time series had only a small impact on levels of total GVA
but, as has been mentioned in Part 4, their effect was to reduce the
volatility in the year-on-year growth rates in total GVA. The other
revisions generally have a smaller impact on total GVA, although
again they have been important in terms of giving confidence in
the dataset.
Part 6 – Future work plans
Regional GVA estimates for 2002 are due to be published in March
2004, and will take on board the revisions outlined below. Publication
of regional GVA is linked to the production of the National Accounts
annual Blue Book. The Blue Book is generally published six months
after the end of the period to which it relates, although the latest year
will not be balanced through the supply-use framework. Regional GVA
data consistent with the Blue Book national control totals are then
published a further six months after the Blue Book publication. Blue
Book 2003 (i.e. with annual data up to 2002) is due to be published
at the end of October 2003. It incorporates annual chain linking for
the first time; this is the culmination of a three-year project which
has required additional production time. Given the later Blue Book,
ONS therefore aims to publish regional GVA estimates for 2002 in
March 2004.
36
and will be consistent with the data underlying the Blue Book
publication. The ABI/2 is expected to contain revisions back to
1998; some of these revisions are a result of quality assurance
of this regional accounts dataset, and have been anticipated in
the current GVA estimates.
The regional GVA estimates for 2002 which are due to be published
in early 2004 will take on board the above revisions.
Wages and salaries data from Inland Revenue
It was hoped that regional estimates of wages and salaries for the
period 1997 to 2001 would be available from Inland Revenue for
use in compiling this set of regional GVA data. However, Inland
Revenue have identified data quality problems with their regional
data, especially for 1999 and 2000. These data have therefore not
been used in compiling regional GVA; as for previous regional GVA
estimates, 1996 regional CoE estimates, based on Inland Revenue
data for 1996/97, have been projected forward using information from
earnings and employment surveys. Once the revised Inland Revenue
data become available ONS will assess the suitability of the regional
information for use in the estimating regional GVA. We hope to use
these data for the 2002 regional GVA estimates.
Plans for further methods and data source improvements
Further use of ABI/1 and ABI/2 data
ACOP data are used to regionally allocate wages and salaries,
and GOS, for the production industries until 1997. Service industry
national control totals for both of these components were allocated
for these years using estimates of wages and salaries derived from
the NES and STES – as there was no equivalent to ACOP for the
service industries. The ABI/2 now provides regional data on CoE and
proxies for profits for both the production and most services industries
from 1998. The regional GVA production team plan to assess the
ABI/2 regional service industries data as a possible replacement for
the current data sources. It is likely that the ABI/2 results for service
industries will need extensive quality assurance before use.
objective of promoting economic growth in all regions and reducing
the persistent gap in growth rates between the regions ...”. The review
recommendations will be considered once published, and agreed
actions built into future work plans.
Commuting patterns
Information on commuting patterns is used to derive the workplacebased estimates of regional GVA. When 2001 Census travel-to-work
data become available, it is planned to investigate the commuting
patterns between regions. The purpose of this proposed work is
to test, and if necessary update, the current assumption that the
only significant net commuting between NUTS1 regions is between
London, the South East and the East of England. It is hoped that
investigations will show if and how commuting patterns have changed
and determine which regions now experience a significant degree
of net commuting.
ONS Regional Accounts Quality Review
A National Statistics quality review of regional accounts was initiated
in November 2001. However, due to the problems with the production
of the 2001 regional GVA dataset during 2002 and 2003, this quality
review did not proceed effectively. In Spring 2003 it became clear that
this quality review would not deliver and it was decided to re-launch
the quality review. The work is being undertaken by a different team
and is expected to report in early 2004. The recommendations of
this review will then need to be considered.
Allsopp Review
In February 2003 the Chancellor announced a review, to be led by
Christopher Allsopp, which included the following terms of reference:
“to deliver an assessment to the Chancellor, the Governor of the
Bank of England and the National Statistician, with a first report
by the 2003 Pre-Budget Report on .... the regional information
and statistical framework needed to support the Government’s key
Scotland, Wales, Northern Ireland and the regions of England are all
different in character, industrial structure and economic performance.
Table D shows some of the differences. Scotland has the largest area,
but has a small population; London has by far the smallest area, but
the second largest population – over 7 million in 2001. At the other
extreme, Northern Ireland has only a population of 1.7 million. These
large variations in the regions’ populations are reflected in the size
of regional GVA and incomes.
Table D: Key regional statistics – percentages of the UK
1
Population2
2001
Total
economically
active3 June
2001
243,820
sq.km
58.8m
North East
North West
Yorkshire and the Humber
3.5%
5.8%
6.4%
East Midlands
West Midlands
East of England
London
South East
South West
Region
GVA
20014
Individual
consumption
expenditure
1999
Household
income5 1999
29.7m
£851.4bn
£586.9bn
£929.3bn
4.3%
11.4%
8.4%
4.0%
11.0%
8.3%
3.3%
10.3%
7.3%
3.5%
10.9%
7.7%
3.7%
10.5%
7.5%
6.4%
5.3%
7.1%
9.0%
7.1%
8.8%
6.5%
8.1%
6.5%
8.4%
6.5%
8.3%
7.8%
0.6%
7.8%
9.8%
9.2%
12.2%
13.6%
8.4%
9.6%
12.5%
14.5%
8.5%
10.1%
16.5%
16.3%
7.5%
9.3%
15.2%
15.7%
8.1%
9.8%
15.4%
15.5%
8.1%
53.4%
8.5%
32.0%
5.8%
83.6%
4.9%
8.6%
2.9%
84.3%
4.6%
8.6%
2.6%
85.7%
3.9%
8.1%
2.2%
85.3%
4.1%
8.3%
2.4%
85.4%
4.1%
8.2%
2.3%
Area 2001
United Kingdom (=100%)
England
Wales
Scotland
Northern Ireland
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Part 7 – Diversity of the NUTS1 regions
Percentages may not sum exactly, due to rounding.
Revised mid-year population estimates based on the 2001 Census.
Labour Force Survey data. Based on statistical samples and, as such, are subject to sampling variability.
Excluding Extra-Regio and the statistical discrepancy.
Excluding Extra-Regio.
37
The wide variation in the size of the regions makes it difficult to
compare the regions’ economic performance using monetary totals;
comparisons are therefore usually expressed in terms of amounts per
head of the population. However, it is important to note that the growth
in totals may be quite different to the growth per head in regions
where the population has increased or decreased. Furthermore, the
level of GVA per head is partly determined by the age structure of
the population, since value added is generated by people who are
economically active. For instance, in Northern Ireland for example,
households have a high proportion of children (25 per cent of the
population were aged 16 or under in 2001 compared with 19 to 21
per cent in other regions). This will tend to depress GVA per head.
Ideally the age structure of the population should therefore be taken
into account when comparing figures on a per head basis.
Part 8 – Conclusions
The main conclusions to draw from this article are:
• Total GVA has been increasing in all the UK regions, although
there is variation in the rate of increase between regions. GVA
per head of population has been growing in all regions, although
much more quickly in London and the South East than in the other
regions in recent years. As a consequence, GVA per head indices
have increased for London and the South East, but decreased
for most other regions.
• Since the withdrawal of the November 2002 dataset, a number of
improvements have been made to the regional GVA production
process, as recommended by the Nolan Review, including
improved quality assurance of raw data inputs and processes and
a more comprehensive peer review process. ONS believes that
the estimates released today are the best that can be produced
with the data and methodology currently employed.
• There have been a number of revisions to regional GVA since
the previous published dataset for 1989 to 1999 was published
in February 2001. Among these were: a correction to an error
in the treatment of profits data for London, the South East and
the East of England, a change to the methodology for regionally
distributing FISIM, and calculating a moving average based trend
time series to produce the headline dataset that removes some
year to year volatility in the series. The revised regional GVA
estimates for 1989 to 1999 give a similar picture of regional
GVA to the February 2001 data; the regions to see the largest
revisions to GVA were London and the East of England.
38
Regional GVA tables
Index of tables
Table 1:
Table 2:
Table 3:
Table 4:
Table 5:
Table 6:
Table 7:
Table 8:
Table 9:
Table 10:
Table 11:
Table 12:
Headline Gross Value Added at current basic prices by region 1989 to 2001
Headline Gross Value Added series by component of income at current basic prices by region 1989 to 2001
Headline Gross Value Added by industry groups, current basic prices by region 1989 to 2001
Headline Workplace based Gross Value Added at current basic prices by region 1989 to 2001
Revisions – Headline Gross Value Added at current basic prices by region 1989 to 1999
Revisions – Headline Gross Value Added by component of income at current basic prices by region 1989 to 1999
Revisions – Headline Gross Value Added by industry groups, current basic prices by region 1989 to 1999
Revisions – Headline Workplace based Gross Value Added at current basic prices by region 1989 to 1999
Raw results – Gross Value Added at current basic prices by region 1989 to 2001
Raw results – Gross Value Added by component of income at current basic prices by region 1989 to 2001
Raw results – Gross Value Added by industry groups, current basic prices by region 1989 to 2000
Raw results – Workplace based Gross Value Added at current basic prices by region 1989 to 2001
39
1
Headline1 Gross Value Added2,3 (GVA) at current basic prices by region 1989 to 2001
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
19974
19984
19994
20004
20014
Total GVA (£ million)
United Kingdom
ABML
461 522 501 438 523 935 546 434 575 461 608 740 639 908 679 620 720 692 762 363 796 273 838 065 874 227
North East
North West
Yorkshire & the Humber
IFZR
IFZS
IFZT
17 232
49 434
35 349
18 639
53 583
38 258
19 560
55 596
39 925
20 511
58 078
41 486
21 399
60 954
43 288
22 402
64 159
45 558
23 229
66 887
47 970
23 963
69 905
50 612
24 762
73 670
53 501
25 497
77 698
56 099
25 910
80 836
57 706
26 740
84 058
59 675
27 729
87 584
61 929
East Midlands
West Midlands
IFZU
IFZV
30 355
38 355
32 769
41 560
34 069
43 035
35 532
44 812
37 287
47 282
39 547
50 245
41 793
52 800
44 575
55 596
47 552
58 904
50 102
62 140
51 743
64 103
53 588
66 498
55 394
68 839
East of England
London
South East
South West
IFZW
IFZX
IFZY
IFZZ
44 035
69 218
65 851
34 316
47 952
75 655
71 694
37 281
50 122
79 745
75 209
38 977
52 100
83 393
78 480
40 498
54 768
88 248
82 914
42 762
57 964
92 613
88 204
45 245
60 974 64 726 69 137 73 927 77 562 81 713 85 775
96 310 102 802 111 117 120 271 127 124 133 179 140 354
93 376 99 855 108 091 117 440 124 875 132 147 138 877
47 632 50 635 53 740 56 598 58 739 61 085 63 554
England
Wales
Scotland
Northern Ireland
IGAA
IGAB
IGAC
IGAD
384 145 417 391 436 238 454 890 478 900 505 937 530 971 562 669 600 474 639 772 668 598 698 684 730 036
19 136 20 636 21 405 22 273 23 357 24 710 26 028 27 217 28 492 29 718 30 652 31 864 33 086
39 363 42 949 45 276 47 597 49 949 52 943 55 431 58 079 60 828 63 285 64 932 67 150 69 179
9 405 10 283 10 990 11 715 12 574 13 412 14 273 15 182 16 057 16 913 17 665 18 414 19 108
United Kingdom less Extra-Regio5
& statistical discrepancy
IGAE
452 049 491 259 513 909 536 475 564 781 597 002 626 703 663 148 705 851 749 688 781 847 816 111 851 408
Extra-Regio5
IGAF
9 473
10 177
10 028
9 958
10 681
11 740
13 206
16 473
14 842
12 679
14 426
21 954
22 437
Statistical discrepancy
(income adjusted)
IGAG
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
382
IGAH
8 086
8 761
9 122
9 493
9 978
10 532
11 047
11 709
12 390
13 075
13 616
14 291
14 852
North East
North West
Yorkshire & the Humber
IGAI
IGAJ
IGAK
6 673
7 243
7 196
7 212
7 846
7 774
7 561
8 124
8 088
7 922
8 497
8 384
8 267
8 916
8 737
8 676
9 403
9 189
9 027
9 823
9 678
9 344
10 300
10 216
9 696
10 884
10 807
10 021
11 490
11 334
10 235
11 997
11 666
10 600
12 477
12 057
11 019
13 011
12 468
East Midlands
West Midlands
IGAL
IGAM
7 634
7 357
8 207
7 964
8 493
8 229
8 805
8 556
9 199
9 013
9 716
9 575
10 221
10 047
10 860
10 569
11 554
11 197
12 145
11 799
12 486
12 175
12 890
12 642
13 268
13 070
East of England
London
South East
South West
IGAN
IGAO
IGAP
IGAQ
8 685
10 252
8 701
7 374
9 425
11 128
9 436
7 986
9 788
11 677
9 858
8 314
10 133
12 223
10 251
8 596
10 631
12 918
10 808
9 042
11 197
13 532
11 439
9 519
11 714
14 040
12 026
9 970
12 361
14 896
12 794
10 572
13 120
16 039
13 757
11 152
13 933
17 259
14 882
11 686
14 522
18 054
15 698
12 053
15 203
18 746
16 555
12 443
15 899
19 526
17 345
12 880
IGAR
IGAS
IGAT
IGAU
8 078
6 702
7 751
5 913
8 750
7 212
8 452
6 444
9 112
7 450
8 907
6 837
9 481
7 742
9 359
7 217
9 964
8 106
9 809
7 688
10 504
8 565
10 376
8 160
10 996
9 020
10 861
8 655
11 625
9 427
11 406
9 136
12 375
9 860
11 966
9 608
13 148
10 273
12 465
10 081
13 691
10 593
12 802
10 521
14 260
10 987
13 263
10 941
14 844
11 396
13 660
11 311
United Kingdom less Extra-Regio5 IGAV
7 920
8 583
8 947
9 320
9 793
10 329
10 819
11 425
12 135
12 858
13 369
13 917
14 470
IGAW
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
North East
North West
Yorkshire & the Humber
IGAX
IGAY
IGAZ
84.3
91.5
90.9
84.0
91.4
90.6
84.5
90.8
90.4
85.0
91.2
90.0
84.4
91.0
89.2
84.0
91.0
89.0
83.4
90.8
89.5
81.8
90.2
89.4
79.9
89.7
89.1
77.9
89.4
88.1
76.6
89.7
87.3
76.2
89.7
86.6
76.1
89.9
86.2
East Midlands
West Midlands
IGBA
IGBB
96.4
92.9
95.6
92.8
94.9
92.0
94.5
91.8
93.9
92.0
94.1
92.7
94.5
92.9
95.1
92.5
95.2
92.3
94.5
91.8
93.4
91.1
92.6
90.8
91.7
90.3
East of England
London
South East
South West
IGBC
IGBD
IGBE
IGBF
109.7
129.4
109.9
93.1
109.8
129.7
109.9
93.0
109.4
130.5
110.2
92.9
108.7
131.2
110.0
92.2
108.6
131.9
110.4
92.3
108.4
131.0
110.7
92.2
108.3
129.8
111.2
92.2
108.2
130.4
112.0
92.5
108.1
132.2
113.4
91.9
108.4
134.2
115.7
90.9
108.6
135.0
117.4
90.2
109.2
134.7
119.0
89.4
109.9
134.9
119.9
89.0
IGBG
IGBH
IGBI
IGBJ
102.0
84.6
97.9
74.7
102.0
84.0
98.5
75.1
101.8
83.3
99.5
76.4
101.7
83.1
100.4
77.4
101.7
82.8
100.2
78.5
101.7
82.9
100.5
79.0
101.6
83.4
100.4
80.0
101.7
82.5
99.8
80.0
102.0
81.3
98.6
79.2
102.3
79.9
96.9
78.4
102.4
79.2
95.8
78.7
102.5
79.0
95.3
78.6
102.6
78.8
94.4
78.2
GVA per head (£)
United Kingdom
England
Wales
Scotland
Northern Ireland
GVA per head;Indices
(UK less Extra-Regio=100)
United Kingdom
England
Wales
Scotland
Northern Ireland
1 The headline regional GVA series for this publication have been calculated
using a five-period moving average.
2 Estimates of regional GVA in this table are on a residence basis, where the
income of commuters is allocated to where they live rather than their place
of work.
3 Components may not sum to totals as a result of rounding.
4 Provisional
5 The GVA for Extra-Regio comprises compensation of employees and gross
operating surplus which cannot be assigned to regions.
40
2
Headline1 Gross Value Added2,3 (GVA) by component of income at current basic prices
1989 to 2001
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
19974 19984 19994 20004 20014
Total GVA (£ million)
United Kingdom
ABML 461 522501 438523 935546 434575 461608 740639 908679 620720 692762 363796 273838 065874 227
North East
North West
Yorkshire & the Humber
IGBK 17 232 18 639 19 560 20 511 21 399 22 402 23 229 23 963 24 762 25 497 25 910 26 740 27 729
IGBL 49 434 53 583 55 596 58 078 60 954 64 159 66 887 69 905 73 670 77 698 80 836 84 058 87 584
IGBM 35 349 38 258 39 925 41 486 43 288 45 558 47 970 50 612 53 501 56 099 57 706 59 675 61 929
East Midlands
West Midlands
IGBN 30 355 32 769 34 069 35 532 37 287 39 547 41 793 44 575 47 552 50 102 51 743 53 588 55 394
IGBO 38 355 41 560 43 035 44 812 47 282 50 245 52 800 55 596 58 904 62 140 64 103 66 498 68 839
East of England
London
South East
South West
IGBP
IGBQ
IGBR
IGBS
44 035
69 218
65 851
34 316
47 952
75 655
71 694
37 281
50 122
79 745
75 209
38 977
52 100
83 393
78 480
40 498
54 768
88 248
82 914
42 762
57 964
92 613
88 204
45 245
60 974 64 726 69 137 73 927 77 562 81 713 85 775
96 310102 802111 117120 271127 124133 179140 354
93 376 99 855108 091117 440124 875132 147138 877
47 632 50 635 53 740 56 598 58 739 61 085 63 554
England
Wales
Scotland
Northern Ireland
IGBT 384 145417 391436 238454 890478 900505 937530 971562 669600 474639 772668 598698 684730 036
IGBU 19 136 20 636 21 405 22 273 23 357 24 710 26 028 27 217 28 492 29 718 30 652 31 864 33 086
IGBV 39 363 42 949 45 276 47 597 49 949 52 943 55 431 58 079 60 828 63 285 64 932 67 150 69 179
IGBW 9 405 10 283 10 990 11 715 12 574 13 412 14 273 15 182 16 057 16 913 17 665 18 414 19 108
United Kingdom less Extra-Regio5
& statistical discrepancy
IGBX 452 049491 259513 909536 475564 781597 002626 703663 148705 851749 688781 847816 111851 408
Extra-Regio5
IGBY
Statistical discrepancy
(income adjusted)
IGBZ
9 473 10 177 10 028
–
–
9 958 10 681 11 740 13 206 16 473 14 842 12 679 14 426 21 954 22 437
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
382
Of which:
Compensation of Employees (£ million)
United Kingdom
North East
North West
Yorkshire & the Humber
HAEA 286 271316 102335 704347 713357 662369 645386 718405 469432 960465 058492 724524 891556 371
IGCA 11 585 12 760 13 591 14 078 14 348 14 661 15 157 15 543 16 090 16 675 17 070 17 833 18 739
IGCB 31 682 34 926 36 681 37 981 38 920 39 951 41 527 43 203 45 724 48 717 51 387 54 368 57 541
IGCC 22 378 24 616 26 168 27 154 27 887 28 761 30 102 31 431 33 382 35 545 37 201 39 118 41 165
East Midlands
West Midlands
IGCD 19 137 20 969 22 173 22 880 23 536 24 414 25 707 27 124 29 087 31 197 32 734 34 436 36 098
IGCE 24 481 27 020 28 602 29 520 30 557 31 732 33 226 34 625 36 639 39 074 40 712 42 737 44 787
East of England
London
South East
South West
IGCF
IGCG
IGCH
IGCI
England
Wales
Scotland
Northern Ireland
IGCJ 242 497267 596283 547293 202301 767312 069327 063344 022368 532396 950421 310449 280476 647
IGCK 11 570 12 758 13 579 14 113 14 535 15 003 15 708 16 354 17 250 18 301 19 223 20 322 21 423
IGCL 24 740 27 478 29 605 31 001 31 786 32 732 33 794 34 697 36 315 38 386 40 290 42 733 45 086
IGCM 5 909 6 588 7 138 7 553 7 898 8 143 8 494 8 846 9 329 9 855 10 369 10 959 11 559
United Kingdom
less Extra-Regio5
IGCN 284 716314 419333 869345 869355 986367 948385 059403 920431 427463 491491 191523 294554 715
Extra-Regio5
IGCO
28 048
43 162
41 218
20 806
1 555
30 985
47 854
45 499
22 966
1 683
32 865
50 839
48 286
24 342
33 887
52 407
50 111
25 186
1 835
1 844
34 864
53 854
51 862
25 938
1 676
36 123
55 699
54 019
26 710
1 697
37 924
58 414
57 048
27 958
1 659
40 050
62 035
60 600
29 410
1 549
43 007
67 382
65 921
31 300
1 533
46 351
73 880
72 305
33 205
1 567
49 293
79 973
78 114
34 825
1 533
52 857
86 808
84 338
36 784
1 597
56 330
93 151
90 009
38 827
1 656
Operating Surplus/Mixed Income6 (£ million)
United Kingdom
IGCP 175 251185 334188 233198 720217 799239 097253 191274 152287 733297 309303 549313 175317 856
North East
North West
Yorkshire & the Humber
IGCQ 5 647 5 878 5 968 6 434 7 051 7 741 8 072 8 420 8 672 8 822 8 840 8 907 8 990
IGCR 17 753 18 657 18 915 20 096 22 034 24 208 25 360 26 702 27 946 28 981 29 448 29 690 30 042
IGCS 12 971 13 641 13 758 14 332 15 401 16 797 17 868 19 180 20 118 20 554 20 504 20 557 20 765
East Midlands
West Midlands
IGCT 11 217 11 800 11 896 12 652 13 750 15 133 16 087 17 451 18 465 18 905 19 009 19 152 19 296
IGCU 13 874 14 539 14 434 15 292 16 725 18 514 19 574 20 971 22 264 23 066 23 391 23 761 24 051
East of England
London
South East
South West
IGCV
IGCW
IGCX
IGCY
15 987
26 056
24 633
13 510
16 968
27 801
26 195
14 315
17 257
28 906
26 923
14 635
18 214
30 986
28 369
15 313
19 904
34 393
31 051
16 824
21 842
36 913
34 185
18 534
23 049
37 896
36 329
19 675
24 676
40 767
39 255
21 225
26 131
43 735
42 170
22 441
27 576
46 391
45 134
23 393
28 269
47 152
46 761
23 914
28 856
46 370
47 809
24 302
29 445
47 203
48 869
24 726
England
Wales
Scotland
Northern Ireland
IGCZ 141 648149 795152 691161 687177 133193 867203 908218 647231 942242 822247 288249 403253 388
IGDA 7 566 7 879 7 826 8 160 8 822 9 707 10 320 10 863 11 242 11 417 11 429 11 542 11 663
IGDB 14 624 15 471 15 671 16 596 18 163 20 210 21 637 23 382 24 513 24 899 24 643 24 417 24 094
IGDC 3 496 3 695 3 852 4 163 4 676 5 269 5 779 6 336 6 728 7 059 7 296 7 455 7 549
United Kingdom
less Extra-Regio5
IGDD 167 333176 839180 040190 606208 795229 054241 644259 228274 424286 197290 656292 817296 693
Extra-Regio5
IGDE
7 918
8 495
8 194
1 The headline regional GVA series for this publication have been calculated
using a five-period moving average.
2 Estimates of regional GVA in this table are on a residence basis, where the
income of commuters is allocated to where they live rather than their place
of work.
3 Components may not sum to totals as a result of rounding.
4 Provisional
5 The GVA for Extra-Regio comprises compensation of employees and gross
operating surplus which cannot be assigned to regions.
8 114
9 005 10 042 11 547 14 924 13 309 11 112 12 893 20 357 20 781
6 Including taxes on production.
41
3
Headline1 Gross Value Added2,3 by industry groups, current basic prices
by region 1989-2000
£ million
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
19974
19984
19994
20004
North East
Agriculture, hunting, forestry & fishing
Mining and quarrying of energy producing materials
Other mining and quarrying
Manufacturing
Electricity, gas and water supply
Construction
Wholesale and retail trade (including motor trade)
Hotels and restaurants
Transport, storage and communication
Financial intermediation
Real estate, renting and business activities
Public administration and defence5
Education
Health and social work
Other services
FISIM6
Total
IGDF
IGDG
IGDH
IGDI
IGDJ
IGDK
IGDL
IGDM
IGDN
IGDO
IGDP
IGDQ
IGDR
IGDS
IGDT
IGDU
IFZR
169
177
174
182
190
191
209
213
194
189
189
177
304
313
331
269
183
152
127
114
100
83
77
87
113
106
91
98
82
73
75
81
87
85
94
108
5 275 5 437 5 359 5 579 5 892 6 345 6 686 6 772 6 799 6 660 6 433 6 427
401
398
477
495
563
599
589
608
609
651
718
756
1 322 1 406 1 338 1 270 1 175 1 205 1 279 1 320 1 399 1 430 1 455 1 509
1 763 1 913 2 048 2 160 2 255 2 318 2 362 2 464 2 617 2 755 2 850 2 876
381
434
461
488
508
540
580
631
691
746
796
855
1 347 1 455 1 528 1 563 1 584 1 675 1 737 1 820 1 895 1 939 1 876 1 893
673
719
658
751
785
803
743
754
751
852
811
867
2 074 2 423 2 700 2 905 3 079 3 222 3 378 3 568 3 842 4 188 4 383 4 638
1 014 1 170 1 325 1 493 1 554 1 530 1 513 1 481 1 438 1 421 1 403 1 479
1 073 1 178 1 344 1 416 1 476 1 521 1 548 1 587 1 605 1 656 1 805 1 966
1 087 1 224 1 366 1 470 1 626 1 754 1 877 1 963 2 045 2 154 2 310 2 489
572
626
643
707
773
849
893
947 1 042 1 126 1 176 1 199
–335
–342
–282
–334
–327
–375
–368
–358
–354
–439
–467
–588
17 232 18 639 19 560 20 511 21 399 22 402 23 229 23 963 24 762 25 497 25 910 26 740
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
735
764
760
800
851
74
111
91
59
39
99
90
73
78
74
16 027 16 765 16 082 16 449 16 927
1 468 1 386 1 581 1 500 1 581
3 377 3 529 3 293 3 119 3 033
5 674 6 250 6 800 7 246 7 635
1 395 1 549 1 591 1 626 1 655
3 933 4 250 4 486 4 669 4 835
2 198 2 409 2 355 2 798 3 069
6 637 7 629 8 333 8 875 9 537
2 244 2 521 2 758 3 039 3 165
2 439 2 685 3 097 3 328 3 538
2 837 3 238 3 637 3 911 4 266
1 575 1 753 1 830 2 040 2 223
–1 277 –1 344 –1 171 –1 459 –1 473
49 434 53 583 55 596 58 078 60 954
837
28
80
17 944
1 577
3 230
7 937
1 727
5 138
3 207
10 229
3 173
3 715
4 598
2 423
–1 685
64 159
904
26
101
18 816
1 553
3 400
8 242
1 825
5 201
2 919
10 961
3 223
3 875
4 947
2 515
–1 621
66 887
875
26
125
19 151
1 678
3 532
8 834
1 986
5 241
2 898
11 789
3 249
4 117
5 245
2 690
–1 529
69 905
1994
1995
1996
19974
19984
19994
20004
North West
Agriculture, hunting, forestry & fishing
Mining and quarrying of energy producing materials
Other mining and quarrying
Manufacturing
Electricity, gas and water supply
Construction
Wholesale and retail trade (including motor trade)
Hotels and restaurants
Transport, storage and communication
Financial intermediation
Real estate, renting and business activities
Public administration and defence5
Education
Health and social work
Other services
FISIM6
Total
IGDV
IGDW
IGDX
IGDY
IGDZ
IGEA
IGEB
IGEC
IGED
IGEE
IGEF
IGEG
IGEH
IGEI
IGEJ
IGEK
IFZS
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
746
24
148
19 471
1 695
3 758
9 653
2 191
5 526
2 882
12 956
3 327
4 366
5 461
2 979
–1 513
73 670
19974
714
24
141
19 388
1 691
3 940
10 406
2 365
5 987
3 319
14 501
3 433
4 708
5 718
3 289
–1 927
77 698
19984
724
35
141
19 323
1 707
4 166
10 956
2 509
6 324
3 229
15 470
3 496
5 262
6 057
3 530
–2 094
80 836
19994
684
54
140
19 423
1 700
4 406
11 234
2 700
6 702
3 462
16 549
3 653
5 764
6 477
3 739
–2 630
84 058
20004
Yorkshire & the Humber
Agriculture, hunting, forestry & fishing
Mining and quarrying of energy producing materials
Other mining and quarrying
Manufacturing
Electricity, gas and water supply
Construction
Wholesale and retail trade (including motor trade)
Hotels and restaurants
Transport, storage and communication
Financial intermediation
Real estate, renting and business activities
Public administration and defence5
Education
Health and social work
Other services
FISIM6
Total
IGEL
IGEM
IGEN
IGEO
IGEP
IGEQ
IGER
IGES
IGET
IGEU
IGEV
IGEW
IGEX
IGEY
IGEZ
IGFA
IFZT
741
769
763
791
854
882 1 024 1 056
917
862
833
526
574
649
553
368
261
190
180
203
207
218
86
86
80
103
108
132
156
164
142
114
102
10 405 10 871 10 606 10 827 11 174 11 970 12 976 13 621 14 125 13 948 13 438
1 031 1 040 1 269 1 235 1 249 1 167 1 094 1 176 1 215 1 227 1 224
2 597 2 707 2 524 2 416 2 388 2 594 2 739 2 826 2 968 3 128 3 338
4 180 4 549 4 875 5 127 5 420 5 688 5 934 6 303 6 787 7 256 7 661
878
988 1 034 1 095 1 148 1 236 1 330 1 464 1 618 1 759 1 893
2 704 2 896 3 031 3 124 3 257 3 538 3 749 3 978 4 306 4 612 4 701
1 391 1 565 1 578 1 942 2 186 2 348 2 198 2 233 2 258 2 597 2 495
4 578 5 225 5 628 5 902 6 250 6 653 7 116 7 602 8 316 9 255 9 864
1 985 2 206 2 377 2 586 2 685 2 698 2 719 2 708 2 691 2 718 2 724
1 826 2 024 2 352 2 548 2 701 2 806 2 877 3 020 3 190 3 423 3 770
2 057 2 328 2 599 2 777 3 000 3 180 3 412 3 668 3 946 4 253 4 573
1 146 1 270 1 317 1 440 1 527 1 625 1 675 1 798 2 018 2 262 2 484
–780
–841
–757
–981 –1 027 –1 221 –1 218 –1 183 –1 199 –1 521 –1 613
35 349 38 258 39 925 41 486 43 288 45 558 47 970 50 612 53 501 56 099 57 706
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
19974
19984
19994
766
261
102
13 322
1 188
3 566
7 917
2 053
4 850
2 604
10 512
2 868
4 052
4 891
2 676
–1 955
59 675
20004
East Midlands
Agriculture, hunting, forestry & fishing
Mining and quarrying of energy producing materials
Other mining and quarrying
Manufacturing
Electricity, gas and water supply
Construction
Wholesale and retail trade (including motor trade)
Hotels and restaurants
Transport, storage and communication
Financial intermediation
Real estate, renting and business activities
Public administration and defence5
Education
Health and social work
Other services
FISIM6
Total
42
IGFB
IGFC
IGFD
IGFE
IGFF
IGFG
IGFH
IGFI
IGFJ
IGFK
IGFL
IGFM
IGFN
IGFO
IGFP
IGFQ
IFZU
875
904
916
963 1 038 1 035 1 149 1 134
969
925
916
851
522
566
650
561
381
281
207
184
182
163
156
178
165
162
146
171
158
168
189
206
201
194
205
235
9 446 9 883 9 690 10 125 10 734 11 718 12 569 13 412 14 155 14 183 13 952 14 011
831
869 1 123 1 162 1 215 1 177 1 131 1 229 1 198 1 126 1 059 1 016
2 241 2 347 2 189 2 073 2 023 2 138 2 211 2 310 2 522 2 749 2 975 3 159
3 598 3 938 4 254 4 520 4 822 5 104 5 408 5 811 6 304 6 700 7 008 7 168
721
790
798
819
854
918
996 1 090 1 184 1 261 1 336 1 448
2 071 2 224 2 334 2 400 2 486 2 629 2 671 2 693 2 876 3 167 3 409 3 668
1 062 1 158 1 108 1 323 1 449 1 520 1 396 1 403 1 412 1 642 1 571 1 653
3 859 4 409 4 768 5 052 5 400 5 815 6 288 6 869 7 659 8 634 9 212 9 806
1 548 1 696 1 777 1 876 1 903 1 904 1 941 1 968 1 993 2 027 2 033 2 135
1 398 1 558 1 800 1 909 1 999 2 099 2 243 2 454 2 680 2 909 3 200 3 415
1 594 1 781 1 943 2 060 2 257 2 471 2 696 2 891 3 035 3 211 3 439 3 714
998 1 082 1 083 1 147 1 198 1 284 1 373 1 550 1 813 2 022 2 144 2 205
–575
–598
–511
–628
–629
–714
–676
–632
–629
–813
–872 –1 073
30 355 32 769 34 069 35 532 37 287 39 547 41 793 44 575 47 552 50 102 51 743 53 588
1 The headline regional GVA series for this publication have been calculated
using a five-period moving average.
2 Estimates of regional GVA in this table are on a residence basis, where the
income of commuters is allocated to where they live rather than their place
of work.
3 Components may not sum due to rounding.
4 Provisional
5 Public administration, national defence and compulsory social security.
6 Financial Intermediation Services Indirectly Measured.
3
Headline1 Gross Value Added2,3 by industry groups, current basic prices
by region 1989-2000
continued £ million
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
19974
19984
19994
20004
West Midlands
Agriculture, hunting, forestry & fishing
Mining and quarrying of energy producing materials
Other mining and quarrying
Manufacturing
Electricity, gas and water supply
Construction
Wholesale and retail trade (including motor trade)
Hotels and restaurants
Transport, storage and communication
Financial intermediation
Real estate, renting and business activities
Public administration and defence5
Education
Health and social work
Other services
FISIM6
Total
IGFR
IGFS
IGFT
IGFU
IGFV
IGFW
IGFX
IGFY
IGFZ
IGGA
IGGB
IGGC
IGGD
IGGE
IGGF
IGGG
IFZV
809
847
848
896
945
951 1 063 1 070
927
881
189
217
214
159
99
71
60
64
63
55
104
97
80
88
85
92
101
103
111
118
12 850 13 440 12 877 12 999 13 624 14 863 15 893 16 517 17 185 17 161
903
921 1 194 1 274 1 426 1 394 1 314 1 369 1 424 1 552
2 761 2 869 2 660 2 514 2 466 2 648 2 767 2 885 3 024 3 187
4 385 4 803 5 206 5 582 5 972 6 328 6 632 7 075 7 613 8 103
986 1 068 1 069 1 092 1 151 1 250 1 381 1 585 1 848 2 066
2 497 2 711 2 877 2 979 3 070 3 321 3 523 3 738 4 003 4 300
1 528 1 671 1 623 1 933 2 160 2 343 2 249 2 314 2 327 2 626
5 391 6 163 6 677 7 085 7 571 8 102 8 648 9 244 10 146 11 392
1 872 2 093 2 249 2 415 2 450 2 425 2 434 2 435 2 441 2 463
1 799 2 024 2 384 2 583 2 721 2 813 2 901 3 072 3 266 3 508
2 050 2 312 2 573 2 781 3 057 3 248 3 373 3 464 3 611 3 864
1 157 1 280 1 317 1 422 1 496 1 601 1 689 1 867 2 130 2 372
–926
–957
–811
–991 –1 013 –1 205 –1 227 –1 205 –1 216 –1 508
38 355 41 560 43 035 44 812 47 282 50 245 52 800 55 596 58 904 62 140
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1 305 1 360 1 367 1 417 1 475 1 454
137
174
182
183
181
234
71
68
57
63
63
72
9 793 10 230 10 025 10 206 10 664 11 485
901
935 1 207 1 292 1 485 1 504
3 908 4 035 3 644 3 315 3 197 3 405
5 328 5 746 6 105 6 420 6 768 7 064
913 1 017 1 058 1 129 1 207 1 298
4 115 4 494 4 765 5 011 5 211 5 583
3 398 3 764 3 856 4 112 4 269 4 417
7 199 8 275 8 967 9 504 10 175 10 999
2 621 2 929 3 177 3 445 3 510 3 430
1 910 2 089 2 388 2 580 2 777 2 970
2 104 2 366 2 601 2 784 3 027 3 260
1 553 1 754 1 830 1 985 2 086 2 287
–1 223 –1 285 –1 107 –1 346 –1 326 –1 498
44 035 47 952 50 122 52 100 54 768 57 964
1 596
247
87
12 182
1 420
3 645
7 431
1 410
5 754
4 239
11 935
3 421
3 120
3 495
2 465
–1 473
60 974
1 587
226
96
12 714
1 404
3 975
8 036
1 578
5 892
4 444
13 018
3 442
3 315
3 723
2 726
–1 449
64 726
19974
864
49
134
16 625
1 693
3 323
8 489
2 179
4 486
2 487
12 261
2 438
3 889
4 209
2 570
–1 592
64 103
19984
799
53
144
16 565
1 781
3 511
8 705
2 293
4 783
2 598
13 157
2 518
4 222
4 563
2 741
–1 936
66 498
19994
20004
East of England
Agriculture, hunting, forestry & fishing
Mining and quarrying of energy producing materials
Other mining and quarrying
Manufacturing
Electricity, gas and water supply
Construction
Wholesale and retail trade (including motor trade)
Hotels and restaurants
Transport, storage and communication
Financial intermediation
Real estate, renting and business activities
Public administration and defence5
Education
Health and social work
Other services
FISIM6
Total
IGGH
IGGI
IGGJ
IGGK
IGGL
IGGM
IGGN
IGGO
IGGP
IGGQ
IGGR
IGGS
IGGT
IGGU
IGGV
IGGW
IFZW
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
118
152
27
10 412
1 489
4 175
8 546
2 259
8 542
8 496
16 977
3 914
3 408
3 822
3 871
–6 990
69 218
111
257
29
10 740
1 492
4 324
9 206
2 553
9 121
9 287
19 166
4 373
3 641
4 201
4 473
–7 319
75 655
67
239
29
10 481
1 822
3 973
9 812
2 651
9 470
9 035
20 391
4 733
4 053
4 512
4 810
–6 334
79 745
55
219
38
10 624
1 842
3 626
10 433
2 848
9 607
11 235
21 346
5 186
4 198
4 690
5 363
–7 918
83 393
57
206
43
10 944
1 916
3 450
11 015
2 989
9 717
12 868
22 907
5 331
4 354
4 927
5 738
–8 214
88 248
59
227
47
11 569
1 799
3 663
11 507
3 207
10 254
14 149
24 843
5 283
4 505
5 131
6 281
–9 910
92 613
59
223
54
12 203
1 625
3 898
11 893
3 470
10 529
13 384
27 041
5 192
4 778
5 438
6 749
–10 224
96 310
49
217
60
12 747
1 521
4 137
12 497
3 774
11 014
13 656
29 614
4 961
5 289
5 867
7 537
–10 138
102 802
1 355
184
103
13 306
1 369
4 386
8 869
1 773
6 237
4 507
14 576
3 511
3 496
3 908
3 033
–1 475
69 137
19974
1 283
153
98
13 429
1 389
4 727
9 621
1 935
6 732
4 901
16 748
3 576
3 764
4 108
3 314
–1 851
73 927
19984
1 253
154
104
13 229
1 421
5 024
10 176
2 051
7 140
4 707
18 492
3 583
4 215
4 364
3 565
–1 915
77 562
19994
1 155
188
110
13 333
1 401
5 312
10 485
2 215
7 660
4 935
20 359
3 732
4 641
4 680
3 821
–2 316
81 713
20004
London
Agriculture, hunting, forestry & fishing
Mining and quarrying of energy producing materials
Other mining and quarrying
Manufacturing
Electricity, gas and water supply
Construction
Wholesale and retail trade (including motor trade)
Hotels and restaurants
Transport, storage and communication
Financial intermediation
Real estate, renting and business activities
Public administration and defence5
Education
Health and social work
Other services
FISIM6
Total
IGHN
IGHO
IGHP
IGHQ
IGHR
IGHS
IGHT
IGHU
IGHV
IGHW
IGHX
IGHY
IGHZ
IGIA
IGIB
IGIC
IFZX
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1 126
86
122
12 632
1 591
5 263
8 170
1 691
6 209
3 919
13 016
5 187
2 837
3 701
2 549
–2 247
65 851
1 150
151
114
13 072
1 615
5 423
8 753
1 872
6 716
4 345
14 905
5 747
3 110
4 173
2 878
–2 331
71 694
1 117
165
98
12 802
2 080
4 903
9 234
1 917
7 044
4 433
16 104
6 112
3 550
4 583
3 027
–1 960
75 209
1 139
186
118
13 092
2 204
4 451
9 682
2 000
7 367
5 087
17 077
6 508
3 772
4 834
3 318
–2 355
78 480
1 176
195
127
13 736
2 513
4 302
10 252
2 099
7 684
5 591
18 380
6 558
3 963
5 145
3 498
–2 305
82 914
1 164
239
143
14 984
2 514
4 627
10 773
2 267
8 361
6 000
19 950
6 434
4 148
5 434
3 800
–2 632
88 204
1 261
237
165
16 213
2 382
4 963
11 376
2 449
8 819
5 782
21 704
6 426
4 344
5 748
4 066
–2 560
93 376
1996
25
203
58
13 335
1 443
4 423
13 400
4 110
11 993
13 387
33 446
4 641
5 843
6 298
8 563
–10 051
111 117
13
188
52
13 799
1 421
4 698
14 393
4 457
13 213
14 893
38 769
4 417
6 275
6 685
9 497
–12 500
120 271
19974
6
180
49
14 297
1 474
5 007
15 393
4 870
13 987
14 042
42 952
4 178
6 782
7 087
10 331
–13 512
127 124
19984
17
199
48
14 750
1 512
5 345
16 036
5 364
14 847
14 964
47 287
4 309
7 215
7 560
11 030
–17 303
133 179
19994
20004
South East
Agriculture, hunting, forestry & fishing
Mining and quarrying of energy producing materials
Other mining and quarrying
Manufacturing
Electricity, gas and water supply
Construction
Wholesale and retail trade (including motor trade)
Hotels and restaurants
Transport, storage and communication
Financial intermediation
Real estate, renting and business activities
Public administration and defence6
Education
Health and social work
Other services
FISIM6
Total
IGGX
IGGY
IGGZ
IGHA
IGHB
IGHC
IGHD
IGHE
IGHF
IGHG
IGHH
IGHI
IGHJ
IGHK
IGHL
IGHM
IFZY
1 246
1 086
1 031
1 016
942
210
168
129
114
122
168
168
153
156
159
17 143 18 243 18 947 19 335 19 738
2 340
2 226
2 138
2 142
2 088
5 275
5 661
6 042
6 496
6 946
12 374 13 884 15 410 16 687 17 367
2 639
2 839
3 057
3 347
3 714
9 382 10 268 11 312 11 926 12 661
6 023
6 090
6 758
6 553
6 981
23 741 26 895 31 322 35 054 38 769
6 502
6 648
6 768
6 730
6 929
4 642
4 888
5 159
5 617
6 059
6 099
6 376
6 702
7 081
7 557
4 525
5 101
5 636
6 063
6 484
–2 453 –2 448 –3 125 –3 441 –4 371
99 855 108 091 117 440 124 875 132 147
See footnotes on first page of table.
43
3
Headline1 Gross Value Added2,3 by industry groups, current basic prices
by region 1989-2000
continued £ million
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
19974
19984
19994
20004
South West
Agriculture, hunting, forestry & fishing
Mining and quarrying of energy producing materials
Other mining and quarrying
Manufacturing
Electricity, gas and water supply
Construction
Wholesale and retail trade (including motor trade)
Hotels and restaurants
Transport, storage and communication
Financial intermediation
Real estate, renting and business activities
Public administration and defence5
Education
Health and social work
Other services
FISIM6
Total
IGID
IGIE
IGIF
IGIG
IGIH
IGII
IGIJ
IGIK
IGIL
IGIM
IGIN
IGIO
IGIP
IGIQ
IGIR
IGIS
IFZZ
1 160 1 208 1 221 1 297 1 412 1 470 1 678 1 689 1 467 1 381
16
42
37
35
33
36
35
33
28
25
215
210
188
215
200
208
249
291
327
320
7 434 7 842 7 725 7 898 8 353 9 150 9 790 10 461 11 179 11 497
1 038 1 091 1 434 1 500 1 648 1 640 1 606 1 722 1 704 1 619
2 903 2 971 2 657 2 414 2 351 2 496 2 576 2 689 2 863 3 052
4 076 4 365 4 582 4 772 5 054 5 311 5 544 5 888 6 382 6 801
1 071 1 229 1 314 1 385 1 429 1 491 1 563 1 669 1 814 1 938
2 280 2 454 2 570 2 635 2 689 2 868 3 010 3 199 3 452 3 694
1 700 1 896 1 949 2 369 2 750 3 031 2 852 2 801 2 667 2 909
5 651 6 313 6 642 6 904 7 344 7 887 8 466 9 087 10 006 11 270
3 141 3 534 3 846 4 143 4 226 4 200 4 309 4 408 4 433 4 346
1 582 1 745 2 004 2 133 2 226 2 300 2 405 2 610 2 829 3 052
1 931 2 198 2 448 2 632 2 872 3 084 3 292 3 486 3 664 3 882
1 224 1 358 1 400 1 502 1 590 1 760 1 923 2 135 2 372 2 569
–1 106 –1 175 –1 042 –1 335 –1 414 –1 688 –1 663 –1 534 –1 448 –1 757
34 316 37 281 38 977 40 498 42 762 45 245 47 632 50 635 53 740 56 598
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
19974
19984
1 347
26
328
11 642
1 529
3 260
7 178
2 073
3 772
2 743
12 221
4 192
3 408
4 118
2 771
–1 869
58 739
19994
1 244
32
337
11 872
1 436
3 451
7 393
2 256
3 935
2 895
13 184
4 272
3 751
4 393
2 966
–2 332
61 085
20004
England
IGIT
7 040 7 290 7 234 7 541 7 998 8 042 8 944 8 919 7 685 7 279 7 147 6 635
Agriculture, hunting, forestry & fishing
2 005 2 407 2 559 2 224 1 684 1 531 1 351 1 254 1 156 1 028 1 009 1 174
Mining and quarrying of energy producing materials IGIU
Other mining and quarrying
IGIV
1 003
961
843
973
939 1 015 1 176 1 295 1 346 1 275 1 312 1 383
Manufacturing
IGIW 94 273 98 279 95 647 97 799 102 049 110 027 117 327 122 539 127 797 129 014 128 275 129 441
IGIX
9 651 9 749 12 186 12 504 13 595 13 369 12 715 13 046 12 883 12 815 12 968 12 880
Electricity, gas and water supply
Construction
IGIY 28 546 29 611 27 181 25 197 24 386 26 006 27 478 28 949 31 005 32 953 35 043 37 206
Wholesale and retail trade (including motor trade) IGIZ 45 721 49 523 52 916 55 942 59 193 62 029 64 822 69 281 75 508 81 447 86 397 89 182
Hotels and restaurants
IGJA 10 294 11 501 11 893 12 481 13 039 13 935 15 003 16 416 18 069 19 585 21 055 22 899
IGJB 33 697 36 321 38 106 39 355 40 535 43 368 44 993 46 957 50 556 54 957 57 620 61 000
Transport, storage and communication
Financial intermediation
IGJC 24 364 26 813 26 594 31 549 35 125 37 820 35 761 36 526 36 280 40 497 38 639 40 959
IGJD 65 383 74 509 80 210 84 651 90 642 97 700 105 539 114 530 127 841 146 079 159 909 174 261
Real estate, renting and business activities
5
IGJE 23 526 26 269 28 354 30 693 31 381 31 076 31 177 31 154 31 124 31 169 30 777 31 895
Public administration and defence
Education
IGJF 18 272 20 054 22 972 24 467 25 755 26 877 28 090 30 107 32 162 34 454 37 949 41 086
Health and social work
IGJG 21 182 23 821 26 262 27 939 30 178 32 160 34 279 36 405 38 344 40 577 43 237 46 324
Other services
IGJH 14 645 16 474 17 257 18 923 20 128 21 910 23 348 25 774 29 051 32 086 34 634 36 862
6
IGJI –15 458 –16 192 –13 975 –17 348 –17 728 –20 928 –21 030 –20 482 –20 333 –25 440 –27 374 –34 502
FISIM
Total
IGAA 384 145 417 391 436 238 454 890 478 900 505 937 530 971 562 669 600 474 639 772 668 598 698 684
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
19974
19984
19994
20004
Wales
Agriculture, hunting, forestry & fishing
Mining and quarrying of energy producing materials
Other mining and quarrying
Manufacturing
Electricity, gas and water supply
Construction
Wholesale and retail trade (including motor trade)
Hotels and restaurants
Transport, storage and communication
Financial intermediation
Real estate, renting and business activities
Public administration and defence5
Education
Health and social work
Other services
FISIM6
Total
IGJJ
IGJK
IGJL
IGJM
IGJN
IGJO
IGJP
IGJQ
IGJR
IGJS
IGJT
IGJU
IGJV
IGJW
IGJX
IGJY
IGAB
507
522
513
532
546
522
541
538
486
498
514
491
141
149
153
131
109
119
117
104
84
65
57
60
120
105
80
79
72
74
85
99
113
123
128
133
6 054 6 292 6 038 6 105 6 307 6 884 7 520 7 797 8 007 7 941 7 775 7 826
587
567
675
677
751
779
783
828
785
740
735
752
1 338 1 379 1 268 1 199 1 203 1 318 1 393 1 442 1 508 1 562 1 617 1 680
1 842 2 014 2 173 2 302 2 418 2 489 2 550 2 701 2 947 3 192 3 381 3 491
518
590
629
669
703
755
811
884
983 1 066 1 146 1 239
1 193 1 278 1 331 1 341 1 347 1 390 1 397 1 410 1 484 1 590 1 672 1 788
551
631
654
806
911
972
921
934
931 1 060 1 017 1 089
2 293 2 615 2 845 3 028 3 243 3 437 3 634 3 813 4 124 4 549 4 859 5 168
1 254 1 422 1 563 1 707 1 763 1 777 1 813 1 815 1 772 1 729 1 686 1 750
1 102 1 205 1 379 1 469 1 546 1 613 1 665 1 764 1 859 2 012 2 252 2 466
1 233 1 414 1 610 1 756 1 926 2 040 2 177 2 327 2 488 2 641 2 816 3 012
729
795
798
855
907
995 1 065 1 182 1 341 1 478 1 573 1 639
–325
–344
–305
–385
–395
–455
–444
–421
–419
–528
–574
–720
19 136 20 636 21 405 22 273 23 357 24 710 26 028 27 217 28 492 29 718 30 652 31 864
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
19974
19984
19994
20004
Scotland
Agriculture, hunting, forestry & fishing
Mining and quarrying of energy producing materials
Other mining and quarrying
Manufacturing
Electricity, gas and water supply
Construction
Wholesale and retail trade (including motor trade)
Hotels and restaurants
Transport, storage and communication
Financial intermediation
Real estate, renting and business activities
Public administration and defence5
Education
Health and social work
Other services
FISIM6
Total
See footnotes on first page of table.
44
IGJZ
IGKA
IGKB
IGKC
IGKD
IGKE
IGKF
IGKG
IGKH
IGKI
IGKJ
IGKK
IGKL
IGKM
IGKN
IGKO
IGAC
1 144 1 219 1 194 1 280 1 377 1 405 1 509 1 478 1 292 1 242 1 273
802
907 1 088 1 105
977 1 131 1 192 1 261 1 249 1 161 1 089
112
106
92
102
97
101
116
135
156
172
190
9 288 9 673 9 408 9 604 10 105 11 135 12 040 12 638 13 182 13 034 12 787
981 1 010 1 288 1 365 1 511 1 599 1 686 1 972 2 044 1 990 1 860
2 869 3 097 3 025 3 016 2 947 3 178 3 348 3 346 3 437 3 563 3 715
3 982 4 371 4 772 5 146 5 421 5 614 5 719 6 003 6 404 6 800 7 146
1 138 1 321 1 444 1 585 1 696 1 833 2 076 2 447 2 901 3 217 3 402
3 290 3 539 3 722 3 818 3 901 4 125 4 218 4 329 4 520 4 748 4 818
1 817 2 018 1 976 2 475 2 803 3 039 2 889 2 930 2 868 3 201 3 011
5 333 6 157 6 757 7 169 7 612 8 007 8 384 8 781 9 449 10 481 11 148
2 936 3 234 3 432 3 659 3 762 3 788 3 845 3 849 3 887 3 986 4 084
2 502 2 700 3 001 3 074 3 165 3 272 3 389 3 516 3 551 3 603 3 872
2 691 3 010 3 302 3 476 3 747 3 957 4 188 4 379 4 573 4 818 5 129
1 366 1 543 1 651 1 883 2 066 2 240 2 312 2 443 2 718 3 008 3 270
–886
–956
–877 –1 160 –1 238 –1 480 –1 481 –1 427 –1 402 –1 737 –1 861
39 363 42 949 45 276 47 597 49 949 52 943 55 431 58 079 60 828 63 285 64 932
1 235
1 220
207
12 673
1 710
3 898
7 354
3 622
5 011
3 181
11 907
4 324
4 212
5 473
3 459
–2 335
67 150
3
Headline1 Gross Value Added2,3 by industry groups, current basic prices
by region 1989-2000
continued £ million
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
19974
19984
19994
20004
Northern Ireland
Agriculture, hunting, forestry & fishing
Mining and quarrying of energy producing materials
Other mining and quarrying
Manufacturing
Electricity, gas and water supply
Construction
Wholesale and retail trade (including motor trade)
Hotels and restaurants
Transport, storage and communication
Financial intermediation
Real estate, renting and business activities
Public administration and defence5
Education
Health and social work
Other services
FISIM6
Total
IGKP
IGKQ
IGKR
IGKS
IGKT
IGKU
IGKV
IGKW
IGKX
IGKY
IGKZ
IGLA
IGLB
IGLC
IGLD
IGLE
IGAD
489
516
527
565
622
649
773
801
682
609
544
440
7
12
11
11
11
13
14
13
12
11
12
13
69
63
53
57
54
57
65
71
78
79
85
90
2 027 2 179 2 231 2 385 2 525 2 724 2 901 3 104 3 313 3 423 3 565 3 731
299
301
377
382
413
411
403
434
430
416
405
389
600
636
611
608
631
714
786
850
929 1 020 1 141 1 264
977 1 074 1 150 1 205 1 294 1 404 1 522 1 682 1 888 2 064 2 220 2 305
211
238
255
274
300
331
362
392
430
464
495
537
507
543
572
595
626
688
732
778
851
936
987 1 043
211
244
270
357
451
528
518
524
505
556
521
556
833
936 1 012 1 092 1 216 1 351 1 497 1 651 1 872 2 168 2 402 2 628
1 504 1 670 1 801 1 929 1 983 1 964 1 967 1 955 1 956 1 953 1 921 1 951
645
711
829
899
963 1 008 1 063 1 154 1 231 1 286 1 345 1 399
880
993 1 093 1 157 1 257 1 338 1 408 1 455 1 488 1 535 1 602 1 687
291
325
342
391
436
489
522
569
633
688
732
771
–146
–158
–144
–193
–208
–256
–260
–250
–242
–293
–312
–392
9 405 10 283 10 990 11 715 12 574 13 412 14 273 15 182 16 057 16 913 17 665 18 414
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
19974
19984
19994
20004
UK excluding Extra-Regio
IGLO
9 180 9 547 9 468 9 918 10 544 10 618 11 767 11 736 10 146 9 628 9 478 8 802
Agriculture, hunting, forestry & fishing
2 954 3 475 3 810 3 471 2 782 2 794 2 673 2 632 2 501 2 265 2 166 2 468
Mining and quarrying of energy producing materials IGLP
IGLQ
1 303 1 236 1 068 1 211 1 162 1 247 1 443 1 599 1 694 1 649 1 715 1 813
Other mining and quarrying
Manufacturing
IGLR 111 642 116 423 113 323 115 894 120 986 130 769 139 788 146 078 152 299 153 412 152 402 153 671
IGLS 11 518 11 626 14 527 14 929 16 270 16 158 15 587 16 280 16 141 15 960 15 968 15 731
Electricity, gas and water supply
Construction
IGLT 33 352 34 723 32 084 30 020 29 166 31 216 33 005 34 587 36 879 39 097 41 516 44 047
Wholesale and retail trade (including motor trade) IGLU 52 521 56 983 61 011 64 596 68 326 71 537 74 612 79 667 86 747 93 503 99 144 102 332
Hotels and restaurants
IGLV 12 161 13 650 14 221 15 009 15 738 16 854 18 253 20 138 22 383 24 331 26 099 28 297
IGLW 38 687 41 681 43 731 45 108 46 409 49 572 51 340 53 474 57 412 62 230 65 096 68 842
Transport, storage and communication
Financial intermediation
IGLX 26 943 29 707 29 494 35 188 39 290 42 358 40 089 40 913 40 584 45 313 43 189 45 785
IGLY 73 842 84 216 90 824 95 940 102 714 110 496 119 053 128 776 143 286 163 277 178 318 193 963
Real estate, renting and business activities
5
IGMA 29 220 32 595 35 150 37 987 38 889 38 605 38 802 38 773 38 738 38 836 38 467 39 920
Public administration and defence
Education
IGMB 22 522 24 670 28 182 29 909 31 429 32 770 34 208 36 540 38 802 41 355 45 418 49 163
Health and social work
IGMC 25 987 29 239 32 268 34 328 37 107 39 495 42 052 44 566 46 892 49 570 52 783 56 495
Other services
IGMD 17 031 19 138 20 048 22 053 23 537 25 634 27 246 29 969 33 743 37 261 40 209 42 731
6
IGME –16 816 –17 651 –15 301 –19 086 –19 569 –23 119 –23 215 –22 580 –22 396 –27 998 –30 121 –37 949
FISIM
Total
IGAE 452 049 491 259 513 909 536 475 564 781 597 002 626 703 663 148 705 851 749 688 781 847 816 111
See footnotes on first page of table.
45
4
Headline1 Workplace based Gross Value Added2,3 (GVA) at current basic prices by region
1989 to 2001
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
19974
19984
19994
20004
20014
Total GVA (£million)
United Kingdom
ABML
461 522 501 438 523 935 546 434 575 461 608 740 639 908 679 620 720 692 762 363 796 273 838 065 874 227
North East
North West
Yorkshire & the Humber
IFZR
IFZS
IFZT
17 232
49 434
35 349
18 639
53 583
38 258
19 560
55 596
39 925
20 511
58 078
41 486
21 399
60 954
43 288
22 402
64 159
45 558
23 229
66 887
47 970
23 963
69 905
50 612
24 762
73 670
53 501
25 497
77 698
56 099
25 910
80 836
57 706
26 740
84 058
59 675
27 729
87 584
61 929
East Midlands
West Midlands
IFZU
IFZV
30 355
38 355
32 769
41 560
34 069
43 035
35 532
44 812
37 287
47 282
39 547
50 245
41 793
52 800
44 575
55 596
47 552
58 904
50 102
62 140
51 743
64 103
53 588
66 498
55 394
68 839
East of England
London
South East
South West
IGLF
IGLG
IGLH
IFZZ
37 411
80 657
61 037
34 316
41 035
87 390
66 877
37 281
44 134
91 441
69 501
38 977
45 821 48 305 51 958 54 359 57 392 61 795 65 645 67 820 71 701 75 128
95 230 100 248 104 860 108 630 116 967 126 567 137 402 145 413 154 182 162 501
72 922 77 376 81 963 87 672 93 024 99 983 108 591 116 329 121 156 127 377
40 498 42 762 45 245 47 632 50 635 53 740 56 598 58 739 61 085 63 554
England
Wales
Scotland
Northern Ireland
IGAA
IGAB
IGAC
IGAD
384 145 417 391 436 238 454 890 478 900 505 937 530 971 562 669 600 474 639 772 668 598 698 684 730 036
19 136 20 636 21 405 22 273 23 357 24 710 26 028 27 217 28 492 29 718 30 652 31 864 33 086
39 363 42 949 45 276 47 597 49 949 52 943 55 431 58 079 60 828 63 285 64 932 67 150 69 179
9 405 10 283 10 990 11 715 12 574 13 412 14 273 15 182 16 057 16 913 17 665 18 414 19 108
United Kingdom less Extra-Regio5
& statistical discrepancy
IGAE
452 049 491 259 513 909 536 475 564 781 597 002 626 703 663 148 705 851 749 688 781 847 816 111 851 408
Extra-Regio5
IGAF
9 473
10 177
10 028
9 958
10 681
11 740
13 206
16 473
14 842
12 679
14 426
21 954
22 437
Statistical discrepancy
(income adjusted)
IGAG
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
382
IGAH
8 086
8 761
9 122
9 493
9 978
10 532
11 047
11 709
12 390
13 075
13 616
14 291
14 852
North East
North West
Yorkshire & the Humber
IGAI
IGAJ
IGAK
6 673
7 243
7 196
7 212
7 846
7 774
7 561
8 124
8 088
7 922
8 497
8 384
8 267
8 916
8 737
8 676
9 403
9 189
9 027
9 823
9 678
9 344
10 300
10 216
9 696
10 884
10 807
10 021
11 490
11 334
10 235
11 997
11 666
10 600
12 477
12 057
11 019
13 011
12 468
East Midlands
West Midlands
IGAL
IGAM
7 634
7 357
8 207
7 964
8 493
8 229
8 805
8 556
9 199
9 013
9 716
9 575
10 221
10 047
10 860
10 569
11 554
11 197
12 145
11 799
12 486
12 175
12 890
12 642
13 268
13 070
East of England
London
South East
South West
IGLI
IGLJ
IGLK
IGAQ
7 379
11 946
8 065
7 374
8 065
12 854
8 802
7 986
8 618
13 390
9 110
8 314
8 912
13 958
9 525
8 596
9 376
14 674
10 086
9 042
10 037
15 322
10 629
9 519
10 443
15 836
11 292
9 970
10 961
16 949
11 918
10 572
11 726
18 270
12 725
11 152
12 372
19 717
13 761
11 686
12 698
20 651
14 623
12 053
13 340
21 702
15 178
12 443
13 926
22 607
15 908
12 880
IGAR
IGAS
IGAT
IGAU
8 078
6 702
7 751
5 913
8 750
7 212
8 452
6 444
9 112
7 450
8 907
6 837
9 481
7 742
9 359
7 217
9 964
8 106
9 809
7 688
10 504
8 565
10 376
8 160
10 996
9 020
10 861
8 655
11 625
9 427
11 406
9 136
12 375
9 860
11 966
9 608
13 148
10 273
12 465
10 081
13 691
10 593
12 802
10 521
14 260
10 987
13 263
10 941
14 844
11 396
13 660
11 311
United Kingdom less Extra-Regio5 IGAV
7 920
8 583
8 947
9 320
9 793
10 329
10 819
11 425
12 135
12 858
13 369
13 917
14 470
IGAW
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
North East
North West
Yorkshire & the Humber
IGAX
IGAY
IGAZ
84.3
91.5
90.9
84.0
91.4
90.6
84.5
90.8
90.4
85.0
91.2
90.0
84.4
91.0
89.2
84.0
91.0
89.0
83.4
90.8
89.5
81.8
90.2
89.4
79.9
89.7
89.1
77.9
89.4
88.1
76.6
89.7
87.3
76.2
89.7
86.6
76.1
89.9
86.2
East Midlands
West Midlands
IGBA
IGBB
96.4
92.9
95.6
92.8
94.9
92.0
94.5
91.8
93.9
92.0
94.1
92.7
94.5
92.9
95.1
92.5
95.2
92.3
94.5
91.8
93.4
91.1
92.6
90.8
91.7
90.3
East of England
London
South East
South West
IGLL
IGLM
IGLN
IGBF
93.2
150.8
101.8
93.1
94.0
149.8
102.6
93.0
96.3
149.7
101.8
92.9
95.6
149.8
102.2
92.2
95.7
149.8
103.0
92.3
97.2
148.3
102.9
92.2
96.5
146.4
104.4
92.2
95.9
148.3
104.3
92.5
96.6
150.6
104.9
91.9
96.2
153.3
107.0
90.9
95.0
154.5
109.4
90.2
95.9
155.9
109.1
89.4
96.2
156.2
109.9
89.0
IGBG
IGBH
IGBI
IGBJ
102.0
84.6
97.9
74.7
102.0
84.0
98.5
75.1
101.8
83.3
99.5
76.4
101.7
83.1
100.4
77.4
101.7
82.8
100.2
78.5
101.7
82.9
100.5
79.0
101.6
83.4
100.4
80.0
101.7
82.5
99.8
80.0
102.0
81.3
98.6
79.2
102.3
79.9
96.9
78.4
102.4
79.2
95.8
78.7
102.5
79.0
95.3
78.6
102.6
78.8
94.4
78.2
GVA per head (£)
United Kingdom
England
Wales
Scotland
Northern Ireland
GVA per head;Indices
(UK less Extra-Regio=100)
United Kingdom
England
Wales
Scotland
Northern Ireland
1 The headline regional GVA series for this publication have been calculated
using a five-period moving average.
2 Estimates of workplace based GVA allocate income to the region in which
commuters work.
3 Components may not sum to totals as a result of rounding.
4 Provisional
5 The GVA for Extra-Regio comprises compensation of employees and gross
operating surplus which cannot be assigned to regions.
46
5
Revisions- Headline1 Gross Value Added2,3 (GVA) at current basic prices
by region 1989 to 1999
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
19974
19984
19994
–403
–35
798
947
2 084
3 020
4 410
5 591
5 565
7 066
8 887
North East
North West
Yorkshire & the Humber
76
69
501
368
323
395
195
–179
53
128
275
509
–81
290
336
328
221
806
254
880
862
208
968
569
560
1 256
319
203
2 423
642
35
3 274
152
East Midlands
West Midlands
–84
399
61
216
–62
319
164
202
163
423
524
668
817
393
391
745
291
1 121
689
1 010
837
608
–1 850
311
–1 128
198
–1 700
722
–1 560
121
–846
1 104
–521
393
–1 752
984
–459
–9
–1 160
1 674
–903
233
–1 860
1 495
–732
638
–1 442
2 467
57
247
–1 758
3 312
–759
507
–3 561
2 558
–185
160
–4 035
1 772
1 416
534
–4 231
4 308
2 919
588
–1 508
129
915
76
–1 054
260
491
270
454
–128
173
100
42
144
414
104
973
166
647
137
2 086
247
670
68
4 534
39
–236
–24
4 186
200
741
246
2 518
482
2 178
105
4 655
177
1 132
412
8 490
–37
882
662
–388
–32
601
703
1 924
3 071
4 314
5 373
5 284
6 374
9 998
–15
–5
199
243
161
–49
97
219
282
696
76
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–1 188
33
49
72
89
126
160
205
247
272
325
403
North East
North West
Yorkshire & the Humber
59
44
154
179
89
144
128
28
86
111
117
189
51
133
174
235
155
288
231
276
324
233
320
289
395
390
266
280
581
351
211
724
262
East Midlands
West Midlands
13
115
58
89
29
121
83
106
97
158
197
223
277
178
187
260
183
352
297
344
340
275
East of England
London
South East
South West
–327
117
–104
77
–286
193
–150
69
–125
255
–8
131
–282
293
9
49
–141
424
–26
115
–270
444
–2
208
–175
634
108
142
–221
789
33
221
–537
773
123
144
–597
727
372
239
–572
1 195
600
271
9
78
207
20
58
132
131
144
92
–
93
50
97
110
142
54
112
128
195
78
155
172
208
46
225
120
43
1
241
187
244
172
234
298
537
101
303
210
348
327
413
144
290
471
32
48
67
84
122
159
200
240
264
310
397
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
0.4
0.2
1.6
1.6
0.5
1.2
0.8
–0.4
0.3
0.4
0.5
1.3
–0.6
0.2
0.7
1.0
0.1
1.5
0.6
0.9
1.4
0.3
1.0
0.6
1.5
1.3
0.3
0.3
2.5
0.6
–0.7
2.8
–0.6
East Midlands
West Midlands
–0.2
1.1
0.1
0.5
–0.4
0.7
0.1
0.3
–0.2
0.4
0.5
0.7
0.9
–
–0.3
0.3
–0.6
0.9
0.1
0.5
–0.2
–0.6
East of England
London
South East
South West
–4.5
0.9
–1.7
0.6
–4.0
1.6
–2.4
0.2
–2.2
1.9
–0.9
0.7
–4.1
2.0
–0.9
–0.3
–2.8
2.7
–1.6
–
–4.4
2.3
–1.8
0.6
–3.7
3.6
–1.0
–0.4
–4.3
4.3
–2.1
–
–6.9
3.6
–1.5
–0.8
–7.4
2.5
0.1
–0.3
–7.8
5.0
1.0
–0.6
–0.3
0.6
2.3
–
0.2
1.0
1.0
1.3
0.2
–0.6
0.2
–
0.1
0.5
0.6
–0.2
–0.2
0.3
0.8
–0.2
–0.1
0.4
0.5
–0.8
0.2
–0.4
–1.5
–1.5
–0.1
–0.1
–
–0.1
–0.3
0.7
2.3
–0.9
–0.1
–0.3
0.3
0.7
–
–1.3
–0.7
1.2
Total GVA Differences (£million)
United Kingdom
East of England
London
South East
South West
England
Wales
Scotland
Northern Ireland
United Kingdom less Extra-Regio5
& statistical discrepancy
Extra-Regio5
Statistical discrepancy
(income adjusted)
GVA per head Differences (£)
United Kingdom
England
Wales
Scotland
Northern Ireland
United Kingdom less Extra-Regio5
GVA per head;Indices Differences
(UK less Extra-Regio=100)
United Kingdom
North East
North West
Yorkshire & the Humber
England
Wales
Scotland
Northern Ireland
1 The headline regional GVA series for this publication have been calculated
using a five-period moving average.
2 Estimates of regional GVA in this table are on a residence basis, where the
income of commuters is allocated to where they live rather than their
place of work.
3 Components may not sum to totals as a result of rounding.
4 Provisional
5 The GVA for Extra-Regio comprises compensation of employees and gross
operating surplus which cannot be assigned to regions.
47
6
Revisions- Headline1 Gross Value Added2,3 (GVA) by component of income
at current basic prices 1989 to 1999
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
19974
19984
19994
–403
–35
798
947
2 084
3 020
4 410
5 591
5 565
7 066
8 887
North East
North West
Yorkshire & the Humber
76
69
501
368
323
395
195
–179
53
128
275
509
–81
290
336
328
221
806
254
880
862
208
968
569
560
1 256
319
203
2 423
642
35
3 274
152
East Midlands
West Midlands
–84
399
61
216
–62
319
164
202
163
423
524
668
817
393
391
745
291
1 121
689
1 010
837
608
–1 850
311
–1 128
198
–1 700
722
–1 560
121
–846
1 104
–521
393
–1 752
984
–459
–9
–1 160
1 674
–903
233
–1 860
1 495
–732
638
–1 442
2 467
57
247
–1 758
3 312
–759
507
–3 561
2 558
–185
160
–4 035
1 772
1 416
534
–4 231
4 308
2 919
588
–1 508
129
915
76
–1 054
260
491
270
454
–128
173
100
42
144
414
104
973
166
647
137
2 086
247
670
68
4 534
39
–236
–24
4 186
200
741
246
2 518
482
2 178
105
4 655
177
1 132
412
8 490
–37
882
662
–388
–32
601
703
1 924
3 071
4 314
5 373
5 284
6 374
9 998
–15
–5
199
243
161
–49
97
219
282
696
76
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–1 188
484
894
1 854
677
1 339
–315
1 321
948
572
2 014
1 351
47
–38
55
104
264
186
36
–
9
–113
–63
–12
–112
133
–56
90
–225
27
–21
213
129
–138
123
45
47
371
–204
–33
1 139
–31
–167
1 266
–810
East Midlands
West Midlands
–72
189
92
158
97
148
80
–184
–35
224
9
–142
300
–158
60
111
82
188
516
42
474
–674
East of England
London
South East
South West
–37
–153
152
–64
37
–265
–84
–39
295
539
617
93
–5
378
712
–36
439
229
228
109
–16
–50
78
40
95
486
665
23
349
30
–30
202
–991
286
473
–346
–1 658
804
1 808
–357
–2 511
3 092
2 262
–725
England
Wales
Scotland
Northern Ireland
79
17
358
30
454
162
134
168
1 834
–4
77
–53
755
–43
–74
9
1 160
146
–115
49
–190
40
–173
–33
1 732
–65
–255
–75
753
59
–65
143
–94
70
566
–30
2 231
–150
–10
–99
2 208
–498
–125
–130
United Kingdom
less Extra-Regio5
483
916
1 855
647
1 239
–356
1 336
891
513
1 970
1 454
1
–22
–1
30
100
42
–15
57
59
44
–103
–887
–931
–1 054
269
745
3 336
3 090
4 644
4 994
5 056
8 724
North East
North West
Yorkshire & the Humber
28
109
446
263
59
208
158
–179
46
242
337
521
32
157
392
238
446
779
275
668
733
345
845
523
513
885
521
236
1 284
672
203
2 007
960
East Midlands
West Midlands
–13
210
–31
57
–160
172
84
385
197
199
515
811
518
551
331
634
209
932
173
968
363
1 282
–1 813
463
–1 280
262
–1 736
988
–1 477
162
–1 141
564
–1 138
300
–1 746
606
–1 171
28
–1 599
1 444
–1 131
124
–1 843
1 544
–810
596
–1 538
1 980
–607
225
–2 107
3 282
–728
306
–2 569
2 272
–658
508
–2 377
969
–393
891
–1 721
1 217
657
1 315
–1 587
113
558
46
–1 506
99
357
102
–1 379
–124
97
152
–715
187
488
96
–185
19
762
88
2 276
207
842
101
2 803
104
19
51
3 431
141
807
103
2 613
412
1 612
135
2 423
327
1 142
512
6 283
461
1 009
792
–871
–949
–1 254
56
685
3 427
2 977
4 482
4 771
4 404
8 545
–16
18
201
213
61
–92
113
162
223
652
179
Total GVA Differences (£ million)
United Kingdom
East of England
London
South East
South West
England
Wales
Scotland
Northern Ireland
United Kingdom less Extra-Regio5
& statistical discrepancy
Extra-Regio5
Statistical discrepancy
(income adjusted)
Of which:
Compensation of Employees (£ million)
United Kingdom
North East
North West
Yorkshire & the Humber
Extra-Regio5
Operating Surplus/Mixed Income6 (£ million)
United Kingdom
East of England
London
South East
South West
England
Wales
Scotland
Northern Ireland
United Kingdom
less Extra-Regio5
Extra-Regio5
48
1 The headline regional GVA series for this publication have been calculated
using a five-period moving average.
2 Estimates of regional GVA in this table are on a residence basis, where the
income of commuters is allocated to where they live rather than their place
of work.
3 Components may not sum to totals as a result of rounding.
4 Provisional
5 The GVA for Extra-Regio comprises compensation of employees and gross
operating surplus which cannot be assigned to regions.
6 Including taxes on production.
7
Revisions- Headline1 Gross Value Added2,3 by industry groups,
current basic prices by region 1989-1999
£ million
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
19974
19984
19994
–10
19
–48
–205
–19
51
132
–27
159
37
–76
102
71
–201
9
83
76
–19
40
–36
–1
4
58
56
–34
115
–8
132
54
84
–185
–8
114
368
–14
54
–22
87
41
–17
–7
–40
95
–114
185
27
60
–257
14
102
195
–23
26
–28
59
68
–20
30
–48
113
–118
93
–13
43
–263
38
171
128
–18
20
–24
–144
99
–9
55
–44
87
–38
–6
–28
97
–244
–17
133
–81
–13
28
–18
8
31
53
39
–
173
–10
119
45
–42
–242
–12
168
328
–5
12
–6
192
–55
17
70
–23
195
–17
110
44
–82
–254
–66
122
254
–20
–23
–10
–70
37
–4
84
–68
254
12
192
–20
–115
–191
12
141
208
–8
3
9
–62
5
–15
172
–33
295
22
311
20
–49
–185
–30
102
560
1
17
7
–244
6
–44
123
39
135
90
332
27
–32
–240
–28
14
203
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
19974
19984
19994
–10
33
–44
131
–192
–96
39
62
–121
39
–72
–64
–8
129
–94
337
69
–45
39
–36
238
–87
–37
–140
–14
–92
75
–89
–3
84
119
–11
324
323
–14
38
–21
165
–23
–67
–91
24
–63
66
–411
–45
7
33
16
207
–179
–63
23
–9
186
46
–11
–59
–90
–116
70
–242
–7
15
3
123
404
275
–58
12
6
238
–39
–88
–36
–109
–94
129
–108
–49
55
128
–11
315
290
–64
6
–11
249
–167
–143
105
27
–279
–251
50
–49
–6
80
–118
789
221
6
–5
–12
333
–59
–52
140
25
–286
–110
280
–42
20
50
–38
630
880
–17
–2
14
401
–140
–68
189
–16
–462
–46
392
22
–32
49
31
655
968
–34
1
–72
566
–113
–111
460
–131
–420
–163
428
–4
155
203
–134
625
1 256
12
5
–12
496
–73
64
465
–32
–201
–57
671
206
232
257
–104
493
2 423
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
3 274
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
19974
19984
19994
–11
45
–145
217
26
4
42
16
–
–173
138
–65
–
18
–36
425
501
–55
114
–129
134
3
–28
15
–4
8
–215
15
–18
–11
59
8
499
395
–28
96
–113
167
–55
16
–122
–35
3
–237
–39
33
–13
33
–
349
53
–50
61
–109
211
–47
79
118
–42
63
–212
39
–19
–44
–122
58
524
509
–48
27
–69
119
13
–57
101
–53
–39
–81
173
–18
12
–126
–23
403
336
1
65
–10
358
12
–121
10
14
20
–195
122
4
–32
–8
–45
610
806
–29
–16
–3
478
–55
35
25
76
–4
–132
32
–94
–9
–30
21
570
862
–94
16
–70
100
–48
–55
101
46
155
23
95
–57
–57
–26
–42
485
569
–78
–49
12
–343
–184
6
233
3
124
–100
–41
134
149
–37
–137
628
319
–39
–15
–2
–535
–147
143
424
31
–11
–84
178
50
114
13
–18
541
642
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
152
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
19974
19984
19994
–36
96
–124
35
21
6
–54
22
15
168
–133
–82
4
17
–82
43
–84
–45
146
–109
151
44
48
–46
7
–6
212
–216
–64
–52
–7
–41
40
61
–54
131
–114
262
15
–17
–48
–16
–29
121
–190
–11
–88
–62
29
9
–62
–26
92
–140
218
–23
–24
–2
–44
43
114
–17
–25
–48
–53
27
73
164
–98
49
–107
94
–48
–1
49
–38
–24
200
22
19
–9
61
–57
53
163
–59
91
–27
216
38
–82
125
20
–16
–87
2
4
9
–61
11
340
524
–11
31
4
451
96
–25
–19
–14
–140
–67
287
–42
–7
–91
46
318
817
–56
–5
–39
203
21
81
37
–89
–280
20
173
14
58
–44
–9
302
391
–61
–14
38
152
140
172
112
–118
–330
–16
–14
25
–17
115
–180
291
291
–49
42
12
–54
160
129
292
–127
–192
–147
216
34
238
46
–169
255
689
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
837
North East
Agriculture, hunting, forestry & fishing
Mining and quarrying of energy producing materials
Other mining and quarrying
Manufacturing
Electricity, gas and water supply
Construction
Wholesale and retail trade (including motor trade)
Hotels and restaurants
Transport, storage and communication
Financial intermediation
Real estate, renting and business activities
Public administration and defence5
Education
Health and social work
Other services
FISIM6
Total
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
35
North West
Agriculture, hunting, forestry & fishing
Mining and quarrying of energy producing materials
Other mining and quarrying
Manufacturing
Electricity, gas and water supply
Construction
Wholesale and retail trade (including motor trade)
Hotels and restaurants
Transport, storage and communication
Financial intermediation
Real estate, renting and business activities
Public administration and defence5
Education
Health and social work
Other services
FISIM6
Total
Yorkshire & the Humber
Agriculture, hunting, forestry & fishing
Mining and quarrying of energy producing materials
Other mining and quarrying
Manufacturing
Electricity, gas and water supply
Construction
Wholesale and retail trade (including motor trade)
Hotels and restaurants
Transport, storage and communication
Financial intermediation
Real estate, renting and business activities
Public administration and defence5
Education
Health and social work
Other services
FISIM6
Total
East Midlands
Agriculture, hunting, forestry & fishing
Mining and quarrying of energy producing materials
Other mining and quarrying
Manufacturing
Electricity, gas and water supply
Construction
Wholesale and retail trade (including motor trade)
Hotels and restaurants
Transport, storage and communication
Financial intermediation
Real estate, renting and business activities
Public administration and defence5
Education
Health and social work
Other services
FISIM6
Total
1 The headline regional GVA series for this publication have been calculated
using a five-period moving average.
2 Estimates of regional GVA in this table are on a residence basis, where the
income of commuters is allocated to where they live rather than their place
of work.
3 Components may not sum due to rounding.
4 Provisional
5 Public administration, national defence and compulsory social security
6 Financial Intermediation Services Indirectly Measured.
49
7
Revisions- Headline1 Gross Value Added2,3 by industry groups,
current basic prices by region 1989-1999
continued £ million
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
19974
19984
7
42
–40
174
5
–36
–60
35
6
–23
–103
18
–13
104
–31
313
399
–44
52
–35
72
–3
45
–86
10
30
–56
–77
–11
–64
91
–12
302
216
–12
35
–32
226
59
20
–40
35
–16
–37
–6
–50
–120
41
18
200
319
–97
18
–27
134
82
21
3
1
–102
–106
–45
–37
–89
31
58
356
202
–30
22
–7
263
–139
–24
99
–23
–4
12
38
41
–70
–24
–39
305
423
–25
10
–2
336
–37
–83
29
–12
116
–66
91
–17
–12
–109
–43
491
668
9
–13
–19
206
–143
2
78
–8
–32
–184
172
–32
–17
–105
–17
497
393
–40
–9
–9
21
–20
–29
299
118
–5
–107
101
–14
–23
–2
–47
512
745
–59
–10
7
–101
–122
–60
642
369
100
–156
301
–2
–35
12
–207
442
1 121
–25
5
–18
–510
–181
–59
855
394
207
–2
426
–33
–41
–110
–192
295
1 010
19994
West Midlands
Agriculture, hunting, forestry & fishing
Mining and quarrying of energy producing materials
Other mining and quarrying
Manufacturing
Electricity, gas and water supply
Construction
Wholesale and retail trade (including motor trade)
Hotels and restaurants
Transport, storage and communication
Financial intermediation
Real estate, renting and business activities
Public administration and defence5
Education
Health and social work
Other services
FISIM6
Total
19994
19984
19974
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
608
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
12
–30
52
–17
–97
–35
–296
–48
–308
–670
–479
–45
–24
–3
11
126
–1 850
–46
–43
45
215
–95
–37
–196
–46
–344
–594
–524
39
–88
–41
–111
165
–1 700
15
–39
29
356
–138
–3
–188
–43
–387
–141
–336
24
–4
54
–152
107
–846
–4
–32
37
79
–144
–17
–178
–8
–352
–943
–316
–58
–52
–17
–30
282
–1 752
–36
37
41
105
–50
24
–60
–76
–458
–817
52
–81
–39
–20
–25
244
–1 160
–7
33
39
18
–41
77
–169
–80
–608
–1 466
17
–3
–77
–124
–62
592
–1 860
77
–8
42
410
–83
156
–219
–46
–575
–1 424
3
60
–57
–47
–245
515
–1 442
–49
4
29
416
–133
137
–78
28
–514
–1 369
–172
95
–29
–121
–387
385
–1 758
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
29
–39
14
–16
67
313
387
–83
674
–214
–80
62
–281
–152
433
–801
311
27
–7
12
373
31
63
264
–78
583
–64
245
–34
–63
62
347
–1 036
722
26
–53
8
101
9
71
646
–94
693
330
245
52
–27
138
317
–1 361
1 104
12
–18
13
262
61
61
358
–125
555
379
427
85
–86
12
481
–1 495
984
18
19
15
556
76
176
272
49
602
1 253
612
–182
–142
–22
508
–2 137
1 674
19
34
6
–4
40
242
454
–107
543
763
774
28
–21
185
621
–2 082
1 495
19
15
7
274
–34
233
211
–87
926
952
1 532
–90
147
284
497
–2 417
2 467
3
55
–4
656
–100
68
–164
–200
1 258
1 102
1 925
–199
363
128
325
–1 904
3 312
–21
80
–20
845
–158
–180
–754
–275
1 088
788
2 195
–393
403
147
662
–1 848
2 558
–26
70
–30
858
–167
–236
–825
–333
1 431
1 834
2 016
–628
542
247
818
–3 799
1 772
19974
19984
19994
115
16
–41
1 261
189
–59
1 325
–359
–447
–438
288
440
–471
–203
–493
293
1 416
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
2 919
East of England
Agriculture, hunting, forestry & fishing
Mining and quarrying of energy producing materials
Other mining and quarrying
Manufacturing
Electricity, gas and water supply
Construction
Wholesale and retail trade (including motor trade)
Hotels and restaurants
Transport, storage and communication
Financial intermediation
Real estate, renting and business activities
Public administration and defence5
Education
Health and social work
Other services
FISIM6
Total
–58
–21
32
477
–195
126
–524
–150
–576
–2 133
–545
53
–189
–111
–430
683
–3 561
–4
–45
23
203
–157
222
–507
–184
–668
–1 982
–740
144
–159
–133
–650
601
–4 035
19974
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
–4 231
19984
19994
London
Agriculture, hunting, forestry & fishing
Mining and quarrying of energy producing materials
Other mining and quarrying
Manufacturing
Electricity, gas and water supply
Construction
Wholesale and retail trade (including motor trade)
Hotels and restaurants
Transport, storage and communication
Financial intermediation
Real estate, renting and business activities
Public administration and defence5
Education
Health and social work
Other services
FISIM6
Total
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
195
12
70
256
56
–70
–228
–47
–282
–468
–568
–50
5
51
35
–93
–1 128
141
–19
54
164
93
108
–80
–65
–356
–475
–824
–57
–125
–61
–6
–54
–1 560
154
–19
64
207
65
–37
3
–42
–265
47
–418
–52
–81
20
–105
–62
–521
120
–25
70
411
155
26
187
–41
–515
–570
–264
–29
–95
–48
–46
207
–459
106
–3
64
111
401
48
91
–86
–640
–684
–197
58
–113
–103
–101
145
–903
116
28
40
323
522
124
–45
–89
–764
–1 199
–129
–262
9
–27
–172
796
–732
134
8
46
328
528
97
74
–104
–780
–1 023
82
178
10
18
–241
701
57
103
34
16
487
509
–99
168
–266
–965
–1 097
83
224
–80
–373
–480
980
–759
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
4 308
South East
Agriculture, hunting, forestry & fishing
Mining and quarrying of energy producing materials
Other mining and quarrying
Manufacturing
Electricity, gas and water supply
Construction
Wholesale and retail trade (including motor trade)
Hotels and restaurants
Transport, storage and communication
Financial intermediation
Real estate, renting and business activities
Public administration and defence5
Education
Health and social work
Other services
FISIM6
Total
See footnotes on first page of table.
50
90
50
–17
874
244
–98
721
–317
–663
–1 039
–158
380
–496
–257
–439
940
–185
7
Revisions- Headline1 Gross Value Added2,3 by industry groups,
current basic prices by region 1989-1999
continued £ million
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
19974
19984
19994
–49
–4
128
61
160
24
–95
–47
–18
–216
–235
93
48
–38
–22
408
198
–104
–7
102
150
43
3
18
5
–25
–157
–237
–23
9
–25
–25
397
121
–57
–11
87
177
–104
78
–7
29
57
5
7
–64
21
–74
6
238
393
–86
–11
86
41
–71
43
–31
31
–67
1
–45
–80
4
–104
–14
296
–9
–86
–8
48
114
–31
29
2
7
–22
164
–30
–75
–4
–37
22
142
233
–49
–4
–39
222
–150
5
–9
33
90
–307
137
102
–8
–74
96
589
638
–87
–9
–49
291
–39
–119
–21
–34
7
–328
167
21
57
–55
–61
506
247
–51
3
39
122
–1
55
164
–138
51
–234
120
–74
78
–24
–196
597
507
–87
12
57
496
–128
6
–80
–214
–68
–187
187
–190
–24
22
–160
515
160
–19
16
47
511
–63
–50
71
–167
–125
–44
380
–286
–9
–44
–66
384
534
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
588
19974
19984
19994
–34
111
–14
1 987
–433
111
2 226
–736
129
–829
3 767
–46
414
–169
–904
–922
4 655
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
8 490
South West
Agriculture, hunting, forestry & fishing
Mining and quarrying of energy producing materials
Other mining and quarrying
Manufacturing
Electricity, gas and water supply
Construction
Wholesale and retail trade (including motor trade)
Hotels and restaurants
Transport, storage and communication
Financial intermediation
Real estate, renting and business activities
Public administration and defence5
Education
Health and social work
Other services
FISIM6
Total
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
128
171
–137
636
25
162
–131
–120
124
–1 522
–1 606
–32
–198
–74
223
843
–1 508
–189
315
–133
1 495
36
223
–196
–218
–88
–1 285
–1 575
–117
–227
12
140
749
–1 054
16
233
–114
1 748
–131
43
146
–182
90
39
–963
–86
–244
–75
144
–210
454
–216
133
–106
1 600
128
158
427
–367
–379
–1 385
–369
–180
–353
–561
694
817
42
–251
175
–32
1 457
279
99
574
–375
–590
136
555
–316
–214
–386
257
–396
973
–79
293
–23
1 726
245
73
539
–193
–723
–2 815
1 184
–148
–181
–379
275
2 292
2 086
114
14
11
2 964
156
344
339
–217
–691
–2 334
2 667
1
62
–230
–103
1 441
4 534
–221
74
–33
2 338
123
86
799
–585
–509
–1 696
2 907
–10
162
–606
–795
2 152
4 186
England
Agriculture, hunting, forestry & fishing
Mining and quarrying of energy producing materials
Other mining and quarrying
Manufacturing
Electricity, gas and water supply
Construction
Wholesale and retail trade (including motor trade)
Hotels and restaurants
Transport, storage and communication
Financial intermediation
Real estate, renting and business activities
Public administration and defence5
Education
Health and social work
Other services
FISIM6
Total
–318
54
48
2 901
–511
–153
982
–866
–449
–2 984
2 663
24
–104
–90
–1 055
2 378
2 518
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
19974
19984
19994
6
–19
11
218
–79
15
50
18
–157
–101
–77
71
50
–55
–41
220
129
16
2
15
160
–35
–5
–
15
–202
–59
64
11
103
–11
–8
192
260
18
12
15
–74
54
23
–53
46
–218
–129
9
–30
86
–53
28
136
–128
7
11
4
193
39
74
–45
50
–214
–104
–77
6
76
–123
50
195
144
–15
25
–
356
–19
–15
–21
48
–251
–44
–32
18
65
–144
29
166
166
–21
30
–28
266
–11
–48
–10
15
–237
–11
62
32
18
–1
–12
202
247
84
9
–54
166
–59
–6
40
2
–266
–65
–55
–6
43
–3
22
188
39
–
–10
–
74
20
–4
120
16
–193
–27
61
–82
–84
93
4
213
200
–23
–
9
192
189
–7
22
7
–236
–100
25
5
184
2
1
212
482
–47
–60
–11
–40
254
12
–9
21
–196
–87
92
–8
73
11
29
145
177
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
–37
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
19974
19984
–13
–149
94
278
32
85
194
–27
–55
–308
219
–39
119
–140
–7
634
915
–9
–155
86
–97
6
–36
110
–2
50
–274
286
–45
44
–157
14
670
491
44
–267
75
266
48
39
–16
–7
–17
–512
71
–46
114
–219
64
535
173
–145
–213
80
304
30
–141
–91
46
32
–488
91
–3
209
–187
91
799
414
–2
–30
73
359
–53
–18
5
76
–21
–374
135
–76
91
–131
–2
616
647
–74
10
65
479
–21
–117
–136
8
–127
–146
163
–74
68
–92
–20
685
670
–123
68
75
–213
–74
–234
161
74
60
–164
75
–78
–120
–249
–61
568
–236
2
95
6
91
18
–40
61
252
216
–59
49
–68
–227
–254
93
507
741
–49
51
21
383
231
98
–27
687
228
–105
279
–3
–121
–94
28
572
2 178
22
–87
–5
–20
227
11
–98
842
99
65
76
182
–237
–344
2
399
1 132
Wales
Agriculture, hunting, forestry & fishing
Mining and quarrying of energy producing materials
Other mining and quarrying
Manufacturing
Electricity, gas and water supply
Construction
Wholesale and retail trade (including motor trade)
Hotels and restaurants
Transport, storage and communication
Financial intermediation
Real estate, renting and business activities
Public administration and defence5
Education
Health and social work
Other services
FISIM6
Total
19994
Scotland
Agriculture, hunting, forestry & fishing
Mining and quarrying of energy producing materials
Other mining and quarrying
Manufacturing
Electricity, gas and water supply
Construction
Wholesale and retail trade (including motor trade)
Hotels and restaurants
Transport, storage and communication
Financial intermediation
Real estate, renting and business activities
Public administration and defence
Education
Health and social work
Other services
FISIM6
Total
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
882
See footnotes on first page of table.
51
7
Revisions- Headline1 Gross Value Added2,3 by industry groups,
current basic prices by region 1989-1999
continued £ million
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
19974
19984
19994
–39
–1
33
103
26
–25
–14
–6
–43
–65
–32
–6
–1
90
–21
76
76
29
1
31
56
1
–14
–18
–8
–14
–67
16
49
30
108
–15
85
270
15
1
24
47
3
–15
–47
–4
–34
–56
–3
12
10
88
–7
66
100
–76
2
23
92
10
–35
–61
–7
–44
–75
28
46
–14
102
13
100
104
46
2
4
95
16
–44
–52
–14
–23
–64
–14
16
10
114
–26
70
137
15
2
–17
96
13
–39
–58
1
–50
–90
4
31
55
43
–49
111
68
–21
2
–26
124
3
–47
–75
–16
–61
–74
20
26
11
53
–32
88
–24
–8
4
6
90
–1
–18
–11
–15
–34
–34
36
–5
58
79
–3
105
246
–59
3
6
204
2
14
–95
–29
–49
–78
3
–13
–21
115
–17
120
105
–44
1
2
288
62
19
–21
–41
–2
–35
–7
–13
–81
155
16
113
412
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
662
19974
19984
19994
–103
–36
–29
2 215
109
152
2 098
85
30
–886
3 929
114
168
–348
–855
–266
6 374
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
9 998
Northern Ireland
Agriculture, hunting, forestry & fishing
Mining and quarrying of energy producing materials
Other mining and quarrying
Manufacturing
Electricity, gas and water supply
Construction
Wholesale and retail trade (including motor trade)
Hotels and restaurants
Transport, storage and communication
Financial intermediation
Real estate, renting and business activities
Public administration and defence5
Education
Health and social work
Other services
FISIM6
Total
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
83
3
–1
1 235
4
235
98
–135
–131
–1 996
–1 497
–7
–31
–178
155
1 772
–388
–153
163
–
1 614
8
168
–102
–213
–253
–1 683
–1 210
–102
–49
–47
132
1 696
–32
92
–22
1
1 986
–26
89
31
–147
–178
–657
–886
–150
–32
–257
229
527
601
–431
–67
1
2 190
208
55
230
–277
–606
–2 051
–327
–133
–81
–769
849
1 911
703
–221
173
44
2 268
221
22
506
–265
–885
–346
645
–358
–48
–548
257
456
1 924
–159
335
–3
2 567
226
–131
336
–169
–1 136
–3 063
1 414
–159
–40
–430
194
3 291
3 071
53
92
6
3 041
25
57
464
–156
–957
–2 637
2 705
–57
–4
–429
–175
2 284
4 314
–227
162
–22
2 593
160
24
969
–333
–520
–1 817
3 054
–165
–93
–688
–700
2 977
5 373
UK excluding Extra-Regio
Agriculture, hunting, forestry & fishing
Mining and quarrying of energy producing materials
Other mining and quarrying
Manufacturing
Electricity, gas and water supply
Construction
Wholesale and retail trade (including motor trade)
Hotels and restaurants
Transport, storage and communication
Financial intermediation
Real estate, renting and business activities
Public administration and defence5
Education
Health and social work
Other services
FISIM6
Total
See footnotes on first page of table.
52
–449
107
85
3 680
–89
–48
882
–202
–504
–3 268
2 970
11
–63
–68
–1 043
3 282
5 284
8
Revisions- Headline1 Workplace based Gross Value Added2,3 (GVA) at current
basic prices by region 1989 to 1989
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
19974
19984
19994
–403
–35
798
947
2 084
3 020
4 410
5 591
5 565
7 066
8 887
North East
North West
Yorkshire & the Humber
76
69
501
368
323
395
195
–179
53
128
275
509
–81
290
336
328
221
806
254
880
862
208
968
569
560
1 256
319
203
2 423
642
35
3 274
152
East Midlands
West Midlands
–84
399
61
216
–62
319
164
202
163
423
524
668
817
393
391
745
291
1 121
689
1 010
837
608
–3 655
1 559
–570
198
–3 471
1 715
–780
121
–1 314
2 053
–1 002
393
–2 164
1 881
–944
–9
–1 747
2 479
–1 122
233
–1 673
1 839
–1 264
638
–1 630
1 871
841
247
–2 678
4 934
–1 460
507
–3 187
4 553
–2 553
160
–3 962
4 321
–1 206
534
–5 001
7 148
850
588
–1 508
129
915
76
–1 054
260
491
270
454
–128
173
100
42
144
414
104
973
166
647
137
2 086
247
670
68
4 534
39
–236
–24
4 186
200
741
246
2 518
482
2 178
105
4 655
177
1 132
412
8 490
–37
882
662
–388
–32
601
703
1 924
3 071
4 314
5 373
5 284
6 374
9 998
–15
–5
199
243
161
–49
97
219
282
696
76
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–1 188
33
49
72
89
126
160
205
247
272
325
403
North East
North West
Yorkshire & the Humber
59
44
154
179
89
144
128
28
86
111
117
189
51
133
174
235
155
288
231
276
324
233
320
289
395
390
266
280
581
351
211
724
262
East Midlands
West Midlands
13
115
58
89
29
121
83
106
97
158
197
223
277
178
187
260
183
352
297
344
340
275
East of England
London
South East
South West
–686
312
–33
77
–640
351
–51
69
–221
407
–75
131
–369
444
–59
49
–264
564
–61
115
–243
524
–77
208
–222
585
202
142
–407
1 064
–65
221
–482
1 111
–187
144
–601
1 151
30
239
–740
1 672
327
271
9
78
207
20
58
132
131
144
92
–
93
50
97
110
142
54
112
128
195
78
155
172
208
46
225
120
43
1
241
187
244
172
234
298
537
101
303
210
348
327
413
144
290
471
32
48
67
84
122
159
200
240
264
310
397
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
0.4
0.2
1.6
1.6
0.5
1.2
0.8
–0.4
0.3
0.4
0.5
1.3
–0.6
0.2
0.7
1.0
0.1
1.5
0.6
0.9
1.4
0.3
1.0
0.6
1.5
1.3
0.3
0.3
2.5
0.6
–0.7
2.8
–0.6
East Midlands
West Midlands
–0.2
1.1
0.1
0.5
–0.4
0.7
0.1
0.3
–0.2
0.4
0.5
0.7
0.9
–
–0.3
0.3
–0.6
0.9
0.1
0.5
–0.2
–0.6
East of England
London
South East
South West
–9.0
3.3
–0.9
0.6
–8.0
3.3
–1.1
0.2
–3.2
3.5
–1.6
0.7
–4.9
3.5
–1.6
–0.3
–4.0
3.9
–1.9
–
–3.9
2.8
–2.4
0.6
–3.9
2.8
–
–0.4
–5.7
6.3
–2.8
–
–6.2
6.1
–3.9
–0.8
–7.2
5.3
–2.4
–0.3
–8.6
8.2
–0.8
–0.6
–0.3
0.6
2.3
–
0.2
1.0
1.0
1.3
0.2
–0.6
0.2
–
0.1
0.5
0.6
–0.2
–0.2
0.3
0.8
–0.2
–0.1
0.4
0.5
–0.8
0.2
–0.4
–1.5
–1.5
–0.1
–0.1
–
–0.1
–0.3
0.7
2.3
–0.9
–0.1
–0.3
0.3
0.7
–
–1.3
–0.7
1.2
Total GVA Differences (£ million)
United Kingdom
East of England
London
South East
South West
England
Wales
Scotland
Northern Ireland
United Kingdom less Extra-Regio5
& statistical discrepancy
Extra-Regio5
Statistical discrepancy
(income adjusted)
GVA per head Differences (£)
United Kingdom
England
Wales
Scotland
Northern Ireland
United Kingdom less Extra-Regio5
GVA per head;Indices Differences
(UK less Extra-Regio=100)
United Kingdom
North East
North West
Yorkshire & the Humber
England
Wales
Scotland
Northern Ireland
1 The headline regional GVA series for this publication have been calculated
using a five-period moving average.
2 Estimates of workplace based GVA allocate income to the region in which
commuters work.
3 Components may not sum to totals as a result of rounding.
4 Provisional
5 The GVA for Extra-Regio comprises compensation of employees and gross
operating surplus which cannot be assigned to regions.
53
9
Gross Value Added1,2 (GVA) at current basic prices by region 1989 to 2001
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
19974
19984
19994
20004
20014
Total GVA (£ million)
United Kingdom
ABML
461 522 501 438 523 935 546 434 575 461 608 740 639 908 679 620 720 692 762 363 796 273 838 065 874 227
North East
North West
Yorkshire & the Humber
TMPW
TMPX
TMPY
17 277
49 443
35 170
18 440
53 285
38 202
19 570
55 894
40 213
20 659
58 057
41 448
21 721
61 077
43 427
22 347
64 666
45 346
23 268
66 808
47 739
24 215
69 759
50 808
24 851
73 723
53 941
25 460
77 033
56 077
25 527
81 492
57 672
26 829
84 158
59 539
27 475
86 922
61 574
East Midlands
West Midlands
TMPZ
TMQA
30 362
38 152
32 658
41 518
34 167
42 987
35 543
45 039
37 341
47 318
39 394
50 154
41 403
53 037
44 648
55 661
48 048
58 852
50 197
62 229
51 635
63 800
53 699
66 847
55 078
68 458
East of England
London
South East
South West
TMQB
TMQC
TMQD
TMQE
43 999
70 093
65 678
34 411
47 980
76 108
72 144
37 376
49 945
79 256
75 064
38 759
52 389
83 203
77 917
40 622
54 454
88 170
82 947
42 712
58 033
93 048
88 087
44 868
60 920 64 376 69 629 74 323 76 362 82 085 86 481
96 082 102 070 110 501 120 591 127 031 133 535 140 864
92 897 100 044 107 436 116 926 126 376 132 045 139 161
47 721 50 673 54 262 56 611 58 422 60 513 64 469
England
Wales
Scotland
Northern Ireland
TMQF
TMQG
TMQH
TMQI
384 584 417 712 435 855 454 879 479 166 505 943 529 875 562 254 601 242 639 446 668 318 699 249 730 482
19 119 20 459 21 614 22 296 23 343 24 632 26 182 27 377 28 575 29 481 30 507 31 950 33 052
38 917 42 854 45 534 47 723 49 814 52 775 56 224 58 478 59 941 64 053 65 416 66 217 68 762
9 417 10 109 10 978 11 680 12 539 13 450 14 386 15 053 16 135 16 850 17 725 18 488 19 094
United Kingdom less Extra-Regio3
& statistical discrepancy
TMPV
452 038 491 133 513 980 536 578 564 862 596 800 626 667 663 162 705 893 749 831 781 966 815 904 851 390
Extra-Regio3
DDQZ
9 484
10 303
9 957
9 855
10 599
11 942
13 241
16 459
14 800
12 536
14 307
22 161
22 456
Statistical discrepancy
(income adjusted)
DDRA
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
382
DDAB
8 086
8 761
9 122
9 493
9 978
10 532
11 047
11 709
12 390
13 075
13 616
14 291
14 852
North East
North West
Yorkshire & the Humber
TMQK
TMQL
TMQM
6 691
7 245
7 159
7 135
7 802
7 763
7 565
8 168
8 147
7 979
8 494
8 376
8 391
8 934
8 765
8 655
9 477
9 146
9 043
9 812
9 632
9 442
10 279
10 256
9 731
10 892
10 896
10 006
11 392
11 329
10 084
12 094
11 659
10 635
12 492
12 029
10 918
12 913
12 396
East Midlands
West Midlands
TMQN
TMQO
7 636
7 318
8 179
7 956
8 517
8 220
8 808
8 599
9 212
9 020
9 678
9 557
10 126
10 092
10 878
10 581
11 674
11 187
12 168
11 815
12 460
12 117
12 917
12 709
13 192
12 997
East of England
London
South East
South West
TMQP
TMQQ
TMQR
TMQS
8 678
10 382
8 678
7 395
9 430
11 194
9 495
8 007
9 753
11 605
9 839
8 267
10 189
12 195
10 177
8 622
10 570
12 906
10 812
9 031
11 210
13 596
11 423
9 439
11 703
14 007
11 965
9 988
12 294
14 790
12 818
10 580
13 213
15 950
13 674
11 260
14 008
17 304
14 817
11 689
14 297
18 041
15 886
11 988
15 272
18 796
16 543
12 327
16 030
19 597
17 380
13 066
TMQT
TMQU
TMQV
TMQW
8 088
6 696
7 664
5 921
8 757
7 150
8 434
6 335
9 104
7 523
8 957
6 830
9 481
7 750
9 384
7 195
9 970
8 101
9 782
7 667
10 504
8 538
10 344
8 183
10 973
9 074
11 016
8 723
11 616
9 483
11 484
9 058
12 391
9 889
11 792
9 654
13 142
10 191
12 616
10 043
13 685
10 543
12 898
10 557
14 271
11 017
13 079
10 985
14 853
11 385
13 578
11 303
United Kingdom less Extra-Regio3 TMQJ
7 920
8 581
8 948
9 322
9 794
10 326
10 818
11 425
12 136
12 860
13 371
13 913
14 470
DDAF
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
North East
North West
Yorkshire & the Humber
DDBE
DDBF
DDBG
84.5
91.5
90.4
83.2
90.9
90.5
84.5
91.3
91.0
85.6
91.1
89.9
85.7
91.2
89.5
83.8
91.8
88.6
83.6
90.7
89.0
82.6
90.0
89.8
80.2
89.8
89.8
77.8
88.6
88.1
75.4
90.4
87.2
76.4
89.8
86.5
75.5
89.2
85.7
East Midlands
West Midlands
DDBH
DDBI
96.4
92.4
95.3
92.7
95.2
91.9
94.5
92.3
94.1
92.1
93.7
92.6
93.6
93.3
95.2
92.6
96.2
92.2
94.6
91.9
93.2
90.6
92.8
91.3
91.2
89.8
East of England
London
South East
South West
DDBJ
DDBK
DDBL
DDBM
109.6
131.1
109.6
93.4
109.9
130.5
110.7
93.3
109.0
129.7
110.0
92.4
109.3
130.8
109.2
92.5
107.9
131.8
110.4
92.2
108.6
131.7
110.6
91.4
108.2
129.5
110.6
92.3
107.6
129.4
112.2
92.6
108.9
131.4
112.7
92.8
108.9
134.6
115.2
90.9
106.9
134.9
118.8
89.7
109.8
135.1
118.9
88.6
110.8
135.4
120.1
90.3
DDBN
DDBO
DDBP
DDBQ
102.1
84.5
96.8
74.8
102.1
83.3
98.3
73.8
101.7
84.1
100.1
76.3
101.7
83.1
100.7
77.2
101.8
82.7
99.9
78.3
101.7
82.7
100.2
79.2
101.4
83.9
101.8
80.6
101.7
83.0
100.5
79.3
102.1
81.5
97.2
79.6
102.2
79.2
98.1
78.1
102.3
78.8
96.5
79.0
102.6
79.2
94.0
79.0
102.6
78.7
93.8
78.1
GVA per head (£)
United Kingdom
England
Wales
Scotland
Northern Ireland
GVA per head;Indices
(UK less Extra-Regio=100)
United Kingdom
England
Wales
Scotland
Northern Ireland
1 Estimates of regional GVA in this table are on a residence basis, where income of commuters is allocated to where they live rather than their place of
work.
2 Components may not sum to totals as a result of rounding.
3 The GVA for Extra-Regio comprises compensation of employees and gross
operating surplus which cannot be assigned to regions.
4 Provisional
54
10
Gross Value Added1,2 (GVA) by component of income at current basic prices
1989 to 2001
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
19973 19983 19993 20003 20013
Total GVA (£ million)
United Kingdom
ABML 461 522501 438523 935546 434575 461608 740639 908679 620720 692762 363796 273838 065874 227
North East
North West
Yorkshire & the Humber
TMPW 17 277 18 440 19 570 20 659 21 721 22 347 23 268 24 215 24 851 25 460 25 527 26 829 27 475
TMPX 49 443 53 285 55 894 58 057 61 077 64 666 66 808 69 759 73 723 77 033 81 492 84 158 86 922
TMPY 35 170 38 202 40 213 41 448 43 427 45 346 47 739 50 808 53 941 56 077 57 672 59 539 61 574
East Midlands
West Midlands
TMPZ 30 362 32 658 34 167 35 543 37 341 39 394 41 403 44 648 48 048 50 197 51 635 53 699 55 078
TMQA 38 152 41 518 42 987 45 039 47 318 50 154 53 037 55 661 58 852 62 229 63 800 66 847 68 458
East of England
London
South East
South West
TMQB
TMQC
TMQD
TMQE
43 999
70 093
65 678
34 411
47 980
76 108
72 144
37 376
49 945
79 256
75 064
38 759
52 389
83 203
77 917
40 622
54 454
88 170
82 947
42 712
58 033
93 048
88 087
44 868
60 920 64 376 69 629 74 323 76 362 82 085 86 481
96 082102 070110 501120 591127 031133 535140 864
92 897100 044107 436116 926126 376132 045139 161
47 721 50 673 54 262 56 611 58 422 60 513 64 469
England
Wales
Scotland
Northern Ireland
TMQF 384 584417 712435 855454 879479 166505 943529 875562 254601 242639 446668 318699 249730 482
TMQG 19 119 20 459 21 614 22 296 23 343 24 632 26 182 27 377 28 575 29 481 30 507 31 950 33 052
TMQH 38 917 42 854 45 534 47 723 49 814 52 775 56 224 58 478 59 941 64 053 65 416 66 217 68 762
TMQI 9 417 10 109 10 978 11 680 12 539 13 450 14 386 15 053 16 135 16 850 17 725 18 488 19 094
United Kingdom less Extra-Regio4
& statistical discrepancy
TMPV 452 038491 133513 980536 578564 862596 800626 667663 162705 893749 831781 966815 904851 390
Extra-Regio4
DDQZ
Statistical discrepancy
(income adjusted)
DDRA
9 484 10 303
–
–
9 957
9 855 10 599 11 942 13 241 16 459 14 800 12 536 14 307 22 161 22 456
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
382
Of which:
Compensation of Employees (£ million)
United Kingdom
North East
North West
Yorkshire & the Humber
HAEA 286 271316 102335 704347 713357 662369 645386 718405 469432 960465 058492 724524 891556 371
DDCE 11 537 12 679 13 617 14 208 14 502 14 544 15 215 15 703 16 222 16 736 16 723 17 880 18 567
DDCF 31 749 34 742 36 866 38 105 38 914 40 120 41 436 43 165 45 729 48 456 51 702 54 518 56 976
DDCG 22 334 24 472 26 273 27 189 28 019 28 679 30 050 31 432 33 491 35 516 37 478 39 123 40 636
East Midlands
West Midlands
DDCH 19 211 20 907 22 167 22 811 23 634 24 358 25 473 27 105 29 255 31 293 32 860 34 574 35 691
DDCI 24 315 26 916 28 590 29 737 30 427 31 826 33 485 34 582 36 514 39 370 40 721 42 545 44 553
East of England
London
South East
South West
DDCJ
DDCK
DDCL
DDCM
England
Wales
Scotland
Northern Ireland
DDCN 242 840267 900283 271293 013301 739311 975326 426344 043369 014396 950421 102449 627476 576
DDCO 11 586 12 642 13 671 14 193 14 454 14 961 15 841 16 338 17 287 18 190 19 298 20 224 21 473
DDCP 24 400 27 392 29 664 31 106 31 996 32 852 34 148 34 826 35 758 38 499 40 403 42 409 45 210
DDCQ 5 880 6 439 7 231 7 559 7 881 8 172 8 602 8 728 9 378 9 830 10 386 10 979 11 522
United Kingdom
less Extra-Regio4
DDAH 284 706314 373333 838345 871356 070367 959385 017403 936431 438463 470491 190523 239554 780
Extra-Regio4
DDAI
28 098
43 407
41 342
20 847
1 564
31 055
48 278
45 840
23 010
1 729
32 772
50 599
48 066
24 320
33 976
52 163
49 625
25 198
1 866
1 842
34 580
53 837
51 951
25 874
1 592
36 134
55 702
54 012
26 599
1 686
37 983
58 124
56 668
27 992
1 701
39 807
62 145
60 860
29 244
1 533
43 468
67 270
65 333
31 733
1 522
46 563
73 619
71 942
33 455
1 588
48 310
79 618
79 127
34 564
1 534
53 257
87 353
84 186
36 191
1 652
56 763
93 568
90 299
39 524
1 591
Operating Surplus/Mixed Income5 (£ million)
United Kingdom
DDAM 175 251185 334188 233198 720217 799239 097253 191274 152287 733297 309303 549313 175317 856
North East
North West
Yorkshire & the Humber
DDCR 5 740 5 761 5 953 6 451 7 219 7 803 8 053 8 512 8 629 8 724 8 804 8 948 8 909
DDCS 17 694 18 543 19 028 19 952 22 163 24 546 25 372 26 594 27 993 28 577 29 790 29 640 29 946
DDCT 12 836 13 730 13 939 14 259 15 408 16 666 17 689 19 376 20 449 20 561 20 194 20 416 20 938
East Midlands
West Midlands
DDCU 11 150 11 752 12 000 12 732 13 707 15 036 15 931 17 544 18 793 18 904 18 776 19 124 19 387
DDCV 13 838 14 601 14 397 15 303 16 890 18 327 19 552 21 079 22 338 22 859 23 078 24 302 23 906
East of England
London
South East
South West
DDCW
DDCX
DDCY
DDCZ
15 901
26 685
24 336
13 564
16 925
27 830
26 304
14 366
17 173
28 657
26 997
14 440
18 413
31 040
28 292
15 423
19 874
34 333
30 996
16 838
21 899
37 345
34 075
18 269
22 936
37 958
36 230
19 729
24 569
39 925
39 184
21 428
26 161
43 231
42 104
22 529
27 760
46 972
44 984
23 156
28 053
47 413
47 249
23 858
28 829
46 182
47 859
24 322
29 718
47 297
48 863
24 944
England
Wales
Scotland
Northern Ireland
DDDA 141 744149 812152 584161 866177 427193 968203 449218 211232 227242 496247 216249 623253 907
DDDB 7 533 7 817 7 942 8 103 8 889 9 671 10 342 11 039 11 289 11 291 11 209 11 725 11 579
DDDC 14 517 15 461 15 869 16 617 17 818 19 924 22 076 23 652 24 182 25 554 25 013 23 808 23 552
DDDD 3 537 3 670 3 747 4 121 4 659 5 278 5 783 6 324 6 757 7 020 7 339 7 509 7 572
United Kingdom
less Extra-Regio4
DDAK 167 331176 760180 142190 707208 792228 840241 651259 226274 455286 361290 776292 666296 610
Extra-Regio4
DDAL
7 920
8 574
8 091
1 Estimates of regional GVA in this table are on a residence basis, where the
income of commuters is allocated to where they live rather than their place
of work.
2 Components may not sum to totals as a result of rounding.
3 Provisional
4 The GVA for Extra-Regio comprises compensation of employees and gross
operating surplus which cannot be assigned to regions.
5 Including taxes on production
8 013
9 007 10 256 11 540 14 926 13 278 10 948 12 773 20 509 20 865
55
11
Gross Value Added1,2 by industry groups, current basic prices by region 1989-2000
£million
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
19973
19983
19993
20003
North East
Agriculture, hunting, forestry & fishing
Mining and quarrying of energy producing materials
Other mining and quarrying
Manufacturing
Electricity, gas and water supply
Construction
Wholesale and retail trade (including motor trade)
Hotels and restaurants
Transport, storage and communication
Financial intermediation
Real estate, renting and business activities
Public administration and defence4
Education
Health and social work
Other services
FISIM4
Total
DDDE
DDDF
DDDG
DDDH
DDDI
DDFB
DDFF
DDFG
DDFH
DDFI
DDFK
DDFL
DDFM
DDFN
DDFO
DDFP
TMPW
161
180
175
184
191
188
204
219
192
187
200
173
330
323
341
275
191
104
118
137
94
68
94
87
121
104
81
115
91
58
67
83
92
79
90
98
5 392 5 362 5 270 5 530 6 118 6 429 6 616 6 847 6 863 6 597 6 225 6 496
433
401
452
513
474
654
669
548
569
620
740
851
1 326 1 371 1 357 1 303 1 196 1 175 1 269 1 330 1 458 1 427 1 381 1 568
1 740 1 926 2 062 2 163 2 277 2 334 2 326 2 519 2 596 2 740 2 917 2 834
364
426
478
495
501
537
584
645
683
718
830
870
1 332 1 457 1 547 1 561 1 617 1 625 1 684 1 924 1 928 2 047 1 754 1 839
689
726
705
750
780
776
734
753
744
855
820
863
2 025 2 358 2 683 3 044 3 166 3 146 3 352 3 634 3 908 4 248 4 314 4 506
949 1 154 1 318 1 519 1 605 1 509 1 514 1 511 1 421 1 417 1 329 1 546
1 064 1 167 1 378 1 422 1 444 1 540 1 599 1 602 1 573 1 628 1 779 1 957
1 095 1 206 1 371 1 447 1 612 1 786 1 940 1 911 2 052 2 140 2 285 2 519
606
626
628
675
787
860
946
915 1 032 1 134 1 229 1 203
–351
–348
–275
–337
–329
–374
–354
–363
–356
–447
–458
–581
17 277 18 440 19 570 20 659 21 721 22 347 23 268 24 215 24 851 25 460 25 527 26 829
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
722
769
757
802
865
78
112
115
40
32
107
91
68
75
76
16 076 16 760 16 123 16 509 16 957
1 665 1 421 1 544 1 432 1 540
3 387 3 497 3 311 3 076 3 071
5 476 6 245 6 846 7 354 7 710
1 390 1 586 1 569 1 657 1 674
3 945 4 201 4 496 4 679 4 807
2 200 2 405 2 409 2 778 3 117
6 593 7 482 8 469 8 847 9 594
2 246 2 476 2 765 3 012 3 188
2 463 2 627 3 099 3 345 3 525
2 752 3 199 3 700 3 947 4 176
1 621 1 749 1 800 1 973 2 255
–1 277 –1 334 –1 176 –1 468 –1 508
49 443 53 285 55 894 58 057 61 077
863
26
83
18 025
1 603
3 326
7 847
1 708
5 266
3 269
10 290
3 196
3 737
4 590
2 556
–1 720
64 666
889
24
89
18 902
1 477
3 315
8 149
1 807
5 342
2 871
10 900
3 215
3 897
5 014
2 518
–1 600
66 808
862
27
102
19 124
1 721
3 501
8 910
1 982
5 109
2 796
11 825
3 206
4 162
5 329
2 588
–1 484
69 759
1994
1995
1996
19973
19983
19993
20003
North West
Agriculture, hunting, forestry & fishing
Mining and quarrying of energy producing materials
Other mining and quarrying
Manufacturing
Electricity, gas and water supply
Construction
Wholesale and retail trade (including motor trade)
Hotels and restaurants
Transport, storage and communication
Financial intermediation
Real estate, renting and business activities
Public administration and defence4
Education
Health and social work
Other services
FISIM4
Total
DDFQ
DDFR
DDFS
DDFT
DDFU
DDFV
DDFW
DDFX
DDFY
DDFZ
DDGA
DDGB
DDGC
DDGD
DDGE
DDGF
TMPX
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
736
26
192
19 457
1 746
3 873
9 597
2 205
5 418
2 803
13 059
3 348
4 267
5 441
3 010
–1 457
73 723
19973
689
19
141
18 855
1 652
3 870
10 554
2 374
5 878
3 315
14 760
3 298
4 602
5 660
3 299
–1 934
77 033
19983
741
22
131
19 753
1 700
4 171
10 957
2 486
6 493
3 343
15 318
3 694
5 358
6 043
3 447
–2 167
81 492
19993
696
61
128
19 364
1 699
4 316
11 122
2 736
6 735
3 499
16 418
3 725
5 839
6 532
3 929
–2 641
84 158
20003
Yorkshire & the Humber
Agriculture, hunting, forestry & fishing
Mining and quarrying of energy producing materials
Other mining and quarrying
Manufacturing
Electricity, gas and water supply
Construction
Wholesale and retail trade (including motor trade)
Hotels and restaurants
Transport, storage and communication
Financial intermediation
Real estate, renting and business activities
Public administration and defence4
Education
Health and social work
Other services
FISIM4
Total
DDGG
DDGH
DDGI
DDGJ
DDGK
DDGL
DDGM
DDGN
DDGO
DDGP
DDGQ
DDGR
DDGS
DDGT
DDGU
DDGV
TMPY
729
782
767
776
854
840 1 037 1 089
929
864
817
539
551
689
624
410
137
150
149
245
216
229
86
81
73
117
93
136
158
218
115
93
112
10 314 10 915 10 631 10 806 11 260 11 836 12 800 13 654 14 701 13 879 13 120
1 020 1 043 1 320 1 307 1 175 1 162 1 039 1 132 1 242 1 308 1 227
2 601 2 727 2 489 2 326 2 459 2 701 2 642 2 945 2 923 3 007 3 407
4 122 4 518 5 019 5 043 5 386 5 717 5 943 6 401 6 746 7 224 7 598
877
984 1 037 1 083 1 168 1 258 1 259 1 543 1 607 1 680 1 964
2 733 2 885 3 044 3 054 3 277 3 494 3 769 3 975 4 351 4 770 4 693
1 311 1 537 1 667 1 928 2 168 2 397 2 214 2 159 2 168 2 653 2 670
4 509 5 237 5 707 5 961 6 173 6 611 7 233 7 548 8 437 9 299 9 851
2 032 2 192 2 320 2 599 2 690 2 681 2 800 2 720 2 556 2 813 2 692
1 797 2 013 2 324 2 580 2 729 2 832 2 893 3 027 3 069 3 422 3 924
2 051 2 308 2 585 2 821 3 028 3 120 3 397 3 631 3 972 4 216 4 649
1 188 1 263 1 312 1 408 1 569 1 685 1 630 1 753 2 050 2 185 2 476
–739
–833
–771
–986 –1 012 –1 262 –1 223 –1 136 –1 170 –1 551 –1 757
35 170 38 202 40 213 41 448 43 427 45 346 47 739 50 808 53 941 56 077 57 672
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
19973
19983
19993
768
247
96
13 302
1 086
3 573
7 946
2 058
4 687
2 557
10 458
2 817
4 023
5 019
2 819
–1 917
59 539
20003
East Midlands
Agriculture, hunting, forestry & fishing
Mining and quarrying of energy producing materials
Other mining and quarrying
Manufacturing
Electricity, gas and water supply
Construction
Wholesale and retail trade (including motor trade)
Hotels and restaurants
Transport, storage and communication
Financial intermediation
Real estate, renting and business activities
Public administration and defence4
Education
Health and social work
Other services
FISIM5
Total
DDGW
DDGX
DDGY
DDGZ
DDHA
DDHB
DDHC
DDHD
DDHE
DDHF
DDHG
DDHH
DDHI
DDHJ
DDHK
DDHL
TMPZ
875
893
940
914 1 081 1 046 1 132 1 130
957
933
916
857
521
545
703
607
443
159
157
194
209
158
164
154
162
155
148
187
156
165
164
263
174
174
190
271
9 493 9 853 9 552 10 073 10 855 11 743 12 374 13 441 14 421 14 274 13 566 14 152
813
832 1 109 1 305 1 193 1 115 1 001 1 404 1 239 1 082 1 027
988
2 242 2 303 2 207 2 095 2 030 2 209 2 164 2 216 2 502 2 770 3 085 3 089
3 546 3 902 4 295 4 544 4 801 4 996 5 483 5 893 6 354 6 690 6 989 7 101
758
799
784
804
855
909 1 006 1 123 1 171 1 268 1 305 1 443
2 069 2 220 2 364 2 344 2 512 2 649 2 817 2 538 2 807 3 150 3 445 3 706
1 096 1 131 1 151 1 343 1 429 1 532 1 407 1 325 1 354 1 706 1 647 1 641
3 791 4 421 4 827 5 024 5 370 5 902 6 122 6 861 7 850 8 746 9 202 9 758
1 600 1 720 1 751 1 873 1 863 1 891 1 973 1 953 1 981 2 053 2 013 2 145
1 304 1 567 1 879 1 908 1 938 2 086 2 253 2 420 2 720 2 858 3 329 3 517
1 615 1 798 1 927 2 042 2 201 2 459 2 741 2 959 2 991 3 188 3 422 3 750
1 072 1 111 1 036 1 123 1 241 1 276 1 297 1 511 1 892 2 015 2 257 2 196
–595
–591
–507
–642
–625
–741
–688
–583
–573
–868
–921 –1 068
30 362 32 658 34 167 35 543 37 341 39 394 41 403 44 648 48 048 50 197 51 635 53 699
1 Estimates of regional GVA in this table are on a residence basis, where the
income of commuters is allocated to where they live rather than their place
of work.
2 Components may not sum due to rounding.
3 Provisional
4 Public administration, national defence and compulsory social security.
5 Financial Intermediation Services Indirectly Measured.
56
11
Gross Value Added1,2 by industry groups, current basic prices by region 1989-2000
£million
continued
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
19973
19983
19993
20003
West Midlands
Agriculture, hunting, forestry & fishing
Mining and quarrying of energy producing materials
Other mining and quarrying
Manufacturing
Electricity, gas and water supply
Construction
Wholesale and retail trade (including motor trade)
Hotels and restaurants
Transport, storage and communication
Financial intermediation
Real estate, renting and business activities
Public administration and defence4
Education
Health and social work
Other services
FISIM4
Total
DDHM
DDHN
DDHO
DDHP
DDHQ
DDHR
DDHS
DDHT
DDHU
DDHV
DDHW
DDHX
DDHY
DDHZ
DDIA
DDIB
TMQA
787
851
844
926
931
939 1 061 1 081
932
882
195
219
252
143
101
40
43
80
69
56
107
98
82
82
80
101
115
88
95
118
12 770 13 512 12 853 13 074 13 584 14 785 16 036 16 556 17 451 17 000
898
922 1 122 1 289 1 537 1 354 1 343 1 264 1 356 1 578
2 803 2 835 2 649 2 491 2 495 2 723 2 695 2 930 2 988 3 294
4 326 4 778 5 187 5 625 5 952 6 338 6 615 7 254 7 570 8 092
1 024 1 107 1 045 1 037 1 145 1 276 1 389 1 459 1 839 2 278
2 488 2 661 2 887 3 064 3 031 3 187 3 551 3 885 4 008 4 274
1 542 1 681 1 636 1 936 2 139 2 273 2 319 2 293 2 305 2 609
5 368 6 156 6 643 7 168 7 589 8 095 8 667 9 327 10 126 11 363
1 854 2 090 2 279 2 431 2 398 2 437 2 456 2 416 2 418 2 477
1 699 1 987 2 436 2 632 2 714 2 821 2 920 3 042 3 214 3 505
2 039 2 312 2 557 2 725 3 104 3 354 3 437 3 355 3 506 3 842
1 197 1 287 1 306 1 402 1 529 1 605 1 648 1 832 2 174 2 382
–943
–978
–792
–985 –1 011 –1 173 –1 258 –1 201 –1 200 –1 521
38 152 41 518 42 987 45 039 47 318 50 154 53 037 55 661 58 852 62 229
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1 253 1 400 1 388 1 389 1 505 1 463
138
179
173
185
130
267
66
65
69
59
54
75
9 955 10 170 9 872 10 317 10 711 11 636
864
921 1 220 1 232 1 501 1 551
3 917 4 072 3 647 3 352 3 165 3 293
5 358 5 722 6 159 6 436 6 676 7 064
931 1 020 1 044 1 092 1 230 1 331
4 061 4 471 4 777 5 022 5 196 5 629
3 403 3 771 3 870 4 224 4 201 4 305
7 096 8 292 8 955 9 618 10 073 10 957
2 664 2 880 3 145 3 492 3 571 3 413
1 913 2 125 2 316 2 556 2 762 3 027
2 088 2 410 2 556 2 781 3 010 3 295
1 490 1 778 1 889 1 992 2 025 2 215
–1 199 –1 297 –1 137 –1 356 –1 355 –1 488
43 999 47 980 49 945 52 389 54 454 58 033
1 543
296
101
11 919
1 586
3 617
7 448
1 406
5 798
4 232
11 922
3 350
3 148
3 454
2 524
–1 423
60 920
1 601
236
81
12 583
1 265
3 809
7 791
1 492
5 965
4 518
13 067
3 355
3 371
3 762
2 846
–1 365
64 376
19973
19983
853
47
153
16 279
1 640
3 173
8 489
2 166
4 373
2 660
12 429
2 481
3 958
4 291
2 536
–1 728
63 800
804
50
151
16 780
2 025
3 628
8 652
2 241
4 816
2 495
13 020
2 515
4 182
4 540
2 765
–1 816
66 847
19993
20003
East of England
Agriculture, hunting, forestry & fishing
Mining and quarrying of energy producing materials
Other mining and quarrying
Manufacturing
Electricity, gas and water supply
Construction
Wholesale and retail trade (including motor trade)
Hotels and restaurants
Transport, storage and communication
Financial intermediation
Real estate, renting and business activities
Public administration and defence4
Education
Health and social work
Other services
FISIM4
Total
DDIC
DDID
DDIE
DDIF
DDIG
DDIH
DDII
DDIJ
DDIK
DDIL
DDIM
DDIN
DDIO
DDIP
DDIQ
DDIR
TMQB
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
126
165
23
10 631
1 502
4 082
8 669
2 279
8 543
8 589
17 385
3 870
3 655
4 000
3 631
–7 059
70 093
106
240
27
10 591
1 510
4 400
9 353
2 547
9 251
9 453
19 237
4 414
3 622
4 218
4 432
–7 291
76 108
70
245
33
10 659
1 829
4 025
9 577
2 646
9 442
8 686
20 306
4 696
3 962
4 469
4 921
–6 309
79 256
53
216
36
10 655
1 857
3 665
10 414
2 882
9 604
11 230
21 013
5 105
4 164
4 701
5 495
–7 888
83 203
57
177
41
10 689
1 972
3 381
11 122
2 889
9 736
12 903
22 774
5 502
4 415
4 987
5 664
–8 140
88 170
59
261
51
11 827
1 752
3 512
11 430
3 249
10 364
14 249
25 026
5 239
4 507
5 095
6 178
–9 751
93 048
61
248
58
12 247
1 709
3 959
12 098
3 539
10 304
13 274
26 992
5 281
4 605
5 206
6 732
–10 230
96 082
63
183
54
12 527
1 442
4 195
12 611
3 862
10 809
13 761
29 338
5 212
4 985
5 804
7 611
–10 389
102 070
1 363
155
113
13 581
1 239
4 578
9 064
1 799
6 212
4 610
14 594
3 609
3 404
3 955
2 910
–1 556
69 629
19973
1 293
129
94
13 699
1 480
4 870
9 858
2 080
6 456
4 957
16 628
3 576
3 676
4 074
3 394
–1 941
74 323
19983
1 233
176
105
12 772
1 467
4 924
9 950
1 931
7 216
4 494
18 318
3 586
4 244
4 328
3 520
–1 902
76 362
19993
1 160
189
107
13 417
1 425
5 272
10 519
2 204
7 770
4 995
20 604
3 738
4 729
4 664
3 691
–2 398
82 085
20003
London
Agriculture, hunting, forestry & fishing
Mining and quarrying of energy producing materials
Other mining and quarrying
Manufacturing
Electricity, gas and water supply
Construction
Wholesale and retail trade (including motor trade)
Hotels and restaurants
Transport, storage and communication
Financial intermediation
Real estate, renting and business activities
Public administration and defence4
Education
Health and social work
Other services
FISIM4
Total
DDJI
DDJJ
DDJK
DDJL
DDJM
DDJN
DDJO
DDJP
DDJQ
DDJR
DDJS
DDJT
DDJU
DDJV
DDJW
DDJX
TMQC
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1 177
66
120
12 558
1 514
5 359
8 301
1 739
6 184
3 916
12 819
5 228
2 801
3 627
2 512
–2 243
65 678
1 137
151
124
13 114
1 607
5 392
8 811
1 887
6 795
4 398
15 082
5 772
3 159
4 247
2 887
–2 418
72 144
1 124
151
87
12 867
2 139
4 969
9 213
1 897
6 937
4 297
16 014
6 135
3 520
4 588
3 045
–1 921
75 064
1 121
186
105
12 953
2 068
4 443
9 538
1 963
7 347
5 121
17 003
6 504
3 758
4 850
3 364
–2 406
77 917
1 187
179
130
13 828
2 543
4 228
10 249
2 108
7 627
5 659
18 386
6 449
4 002
5 195
3 475
–2 296
82 947
1 168
283
155
14 893
2 647
4 434
10 768
2 247
8 377
5 929
19 935
6 647
4 116
5 371
3 744
–2 628
88 087
1995
37
180
65
12 946
1 385
4 387
13 118
4 007
12 145
13 393
33 311
4 408
6 286
6 553
8 573
–10 293
110 501
1996
–12
251
54
13 838
1 403
4 744
14 173
4 269
13 084
15 143
38 990
4 369
6 490
6 719
9 436
–12 360
120 591
19973
–25
172
42
14 685
1 424
4 934
15 483
5 000
14 134
13 494
42 557
4 085
6 559
6 993
10 369
–12 877
127 031
19983
33
185
46
14 737
1 555
5 348
16 196
5 364
14 934
15 100
47 749
4 293
7 234
7 494
10 873
–17 607
133 535
19993
20003
South East
Agriculture, hunting, forestry & fishing
Mining and quarrying of energy producing materials
Other mining and quarrying
Manufacturing
Electricity, gas and water supply
Construction
Wholesale and retail trade (including motor trade)
Hotels and restaurants
Transport, storage and communication
Financial intermediation
Real estate, renting and business activities
Public administration and defence4
Education
Health and social work
Other services
FISIM4
Total
DDIS
DDIT
DDIU
DDIV
DDIW
DDIX
DDIY
DDIZ
DDJA
DDJB
DDJC
DDJD
DDJE
DDJF
DDJG
DDJH
TMQD
1 246
1 241
1 088
1 036
1 014
940
268
192
167
129
109
117
191
143
181
142
162
152
16 141 17 120 17 753 19 232 19 887 19 559
2 589
2 095
2 235
2 109
2 198
2 017
5 082
5 345
5 604
5 961
6 612
6 891
11 307 12 131 13 843 15 447 16 998 17 366
2 471
2 828
2 718
2 850
3 445
3 736
8 731
9 491 10 133 11 432 12 009 12 705
5 641
6 144
6 345
6 450
6 596
7 005
21 619 23 762 26 663 30 743 35 551 38 971
6 214
6 270
6 871
6 888
6 730
6 869
4 300
4 771
4 872
5 121
5 616
6 069
5 600
6 346
6 270
6 697
7 134
7 448
4 019
4 626
5 043
5 763
5 907
6 483
–2 522 –2 459 –2 350 –3 073 –3 595 –4 283
92 897 100 044 107 436 116 926 126 376 132 045
See footnotes on first page of table.
57
11
Gross Value Added1,2 by industry groups, current basic prices by region 1989-2000
£million
continued
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
19973
19983
19993
20003
South West
Agriculture, hunting, forestry & fishing
Mining and quarrying of energy producing materials
Other mining and quarrying
Manufacturing
Electricity, gas and water supply
Construction
Wholesale and retail trade (including motor trade)
Hotels and restaurants
Transport, storage and communication
Financial intermediation
Real estate, renting and business activities
Public administration and defence4
Education
Health and social work
Other services
FISIM4
Total
DDJY
DDJZ
DDKA
DDKB
DDKC
DDKD
DDKE
DDKF
DDKG
DDKH
DDKI
DDKJ
DDKK
DDKL
DDKM
DDKN
TMQE
1 145 1 223 1 213 1 267 1 408 1 437 1 748 1 691 1 466 1 388
14
41
35
39
32
37
37
39
20
26
195
211
202
214
212
196
221
297
351
318
7 451 7 813 7 655 7 968 8 342 9 100 9 687 10 583 11 054 11 434
903 1 070 1 550 1 469 1 637 1 666 1 546 1 733 1 808 1 659
2 934 3 025 2 615 2 411 2 350 2 490 2 600 2 588 2 886 3 087
4 273 4 337 4 514 4 735 5 034 5 360 5 595 5 788 6 546 6 729
1 025 1 202 1 346 1 433 1 455 1 451 1 583 1 697 1 784 1 924
2 300 2 457 2 527 2 701 2 701 2 762 3 009 3 218 3 516 3 825
1 683 1 879 1 927 2 296 2 741 3 117 2 997 2 751 2 607 2 864
5 807 6 451 6 515 6 855 7 340 7 861 8 529 9 092 10 040 11 226
3 037 3 540 3 873 4 179 4 250 4 082 4 262 4 464 4 633 4 406
1 549 1 750 2 013 2 150 2 233 2 302 2 354 2 555 2 891 3 102
1 907 2 168 2 470 2 650 2 839 3 092 3 330 3 463 3 661 3 897
1 247 1 379 1 386 1 528 1 548 1 678 1 967 2 207 2 397 2 479
–1 060 –1 172 –1 083 –1 273 –1 409 –1 763 –1 742 –1 494 –1 398 –1 752
34 411 37 376 38 759 40 622 42 712 44 868 47 721 50 673 54 262 56 611
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
19973
19983
1 330
28
339
11 824
1 483
3 301
7 097
2 064
3 626
2 797
12 262
4 013
3 310
4 093
2 764
–1 909
58 422
19993
1 243
31
321
11 866
1 331
3 358
7 366
2 199
3 902
2 863
13 015
4 202
3 650
4 499
2 965
–2 297
60 513
20003
England
DDKO
6 976 7 342 7 278 7 432 8 078 8 002 8 921 8 977 7 700 7 259 7 079 6 673
Agriculture, hunting, forestry & fishing
2 046 2 361 2 705 2 314 1 695 1 315 1 343 1 235 1 165 1 053 1 041 1 120
Mining and quarrying of energy producing materials DDKP
Other mining and quarrying
DDKQ
988
957
842
990
932 1 019 1 163 1 330 1 379 1 212 1 324 1 369
Manufacturing
DDKR 94 640 98 089 95 483 97 884 102 345 110 275 116 721 122 436 128 226 128 809 128 111 129 671
DDKS
9 610 9 727 12 284 12 473 13 572 13 503 12 959 12 605 12 819 12 890 12 907 12 978
Electricity, gas and water supply
Construction
DDKT 28 651 29 622 27 270 25 162 24 375 25 862 27 342 28 860 31 200 33 030 34 988 37 044
Wholesale and retail trade (including motor trade) DDKU 45 812 49 592 52 873 55 852 59 206 61 855 64 964 69 298 75 434 81 508 86 480 89 103
Hotels and restaurants
DDKV 10 388 11 557 11 847 12 447 13 025 13 965 15 043 16 629 17 815 19 442 21 190 22 851
DDKW 33 655 36 398 38 022 39 375 40 503 43 353 45 005 46 914 50 520 54 915 57 743 61 093
Transport, storage and communication
Financial intermediation
DDKX 24 429 26 982 26 348 31 606 35 136 37 847 35 688 36 500 36 329 40 552 38 521 41 019
DDKY 65 393 74 716 80 119 84 532 90 465 97 823 105 336 114 453 127 988 146 003 159 803 174 498
Real estate, renting and business activities
4
DDKZ 23 480 26 238 28 281 30 715 31 516 31 095 31 063 31 108 31 245 31 297 30 624 31 850
Public administration and defence
Education
DDLA 18 245 20 017 22 926 24 516 25 761 26 969 27 966 29 934 32 296 34 405 38 077 41 200
Health and social work
DDLB 21 174 23 867 26 225 27 963 30 150 32 161 34 119 36 560 38 400 40 433 43 239 46 464
Other services
DDLC 14 564 16 511 17 324 18 958 20 091 21 797 23 281 25 888 29 081 32 086 34 505 36 924
4
DDLD –15 466 –16 262 –13 971 –17 340 –17 685 –20 899 –21 040 –20 474 –20 354 –25 447 –27 314 –34 608
FISIM
Total
TMQF 384 584 417 712 435 855 454 879 479 166 505 943 529 875 562 254 601 242 639 446 668 318 699 249
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
19973
19983
19993
20003
Wales
Agriculture, hunting, forestry & fishing
Mining and quarrying of energy producing materials
Other mining and quarrying
Manufacturing
Electricity, gas and water supply
Construction
Wholesale and retail trade (including motor trade)
Hotels and restaurants
Transport, storage and communication
Financial intermediation
Real estate, renting and business activities
Public administration and defence4
Education
Health and social work
Other services
FISIM4
Total
DDLE
DDLF
DDLG
DDLH
DDLI
DDLJ
DDLK
DDLL
DDLM
DDLN
DDLO
DDLP
DDLQ
DDLR
DDLS
DDLT
TMQG
523
515
520
522
570
556
481
531
453
554
506
492
161
151
154
122
97
118
139
104
72
70
60
52
136
107
77
71
71
73
92
86
96
157
119
143
5 928 6 258 6 247 6 100 6 134 6 864 7 622 7 916 8 059 7 802 7 654 7 906
658
582
611
684
755
732
797
927
786
654
700
815
1 345 1 397 1 253 1 129 1 241 1 367 1 365 1 461 1 527 1 545 1 632 1 669
1 833 1 997 2 175 2 326 2 445 2 511 2 533 2 621 2 987 3 225 3 309 3 585
490
590
638
677
706
751
813
895
979 1 047 1 170 1 218
1 189 1 284 1 350 1 337 1 365 1 383 1 426 1 358 1 506 1 585 1 617 1 793
537
571
719
814
916
939
950
910
929 1 050 1 044 1 082
2 342 2 549 2 825 3 107 3 274 3 375 3 746 3 769 4 177 4 492 4 931 5 053
1 182 1 425 1 596 1 700 1 750 1 759 1 828 1 902 1 754 1 707 1 652 1 745
1 127 1 181 1 379 1 474 1 560 1 610 1 640 1 863 1 738 1 963 2 347 2 479
1 227 1 368 1 600 1 786 1 976 2 020 2 160 2 263 2 555 2 677 2 777 2 974
775
807
780
837
892 1 023 1 043 1 177 1 362 1 487 1 595 1 629
–335
–324
–310
–390
–409
–448
–454
–405
–405
–531
–606
–683
19 119 20 459 21 614 22 296 23 343 24 632 26 182 27 377 28 575 29 481 30 507 31 950
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
19973
19983
19993
20003
Scotland
Agriculture, hunting, forestry & fishing
Mining and quarrying of energy producing materials
Other mining and quarrying
Manufacturing
Electricity, gas and water supply
Construction
Wholesale and retail trade (including motor trade)
Hotels and restaurants
Transport, storage and communication
Financial intermediation
Real estate, renting and business activities
Public administration and defence4
Education
Health and social work
Other services
FISIM4
Total
See footnotes on first page of table.
58
DDLU
DDLV
DDLW
DDLX
DDLY
DDLZ
DDMA
DDMB
DDMC
DDMD
DDME
DDMF
DDMG
DDMH
DDMI
DDMJ
TMQH
1 163 1 211 1 153 1 344 1 328 1 432 1 562 1 444 1 251
794
870 1 054 1 201
903 1 100 1 197 1 257 1 292
111
108
93
100
100
98
122
118
140
9 129 9 922 9 337 9 507 9 970 10 906 12 563 12 612 12 813
968 1 009 1 239 1 405 1 529 1 496 1 479 2 275 2 078
2 760 3 083 2 964 3 120 2 909 3 271 3 513 3 420 3 198
3 908 4 316 4 812 5 222 5 409 5 781 5 574 6 080 6 396
1 073 1 269 1 489 1 608 1 698 1 830 1 998 2 223 3 179
3 320 3 472 3 789 3 797 3 933 4 144 4 160 4 443 4 530
1 771 1 924 2 166 2 435 2 791 3 017 2 914 2 988 2 806
5 237 6 034 6 884 7 244 7 741 7 950 8 474 8 917 9 237
2 967 3 247 3 431 3 582 3 767 3 817 3 882 3 869 3 789
2 490 2 787 3 055 2 998 3 143 3 202 3 517 3 633 3 498
2 706 3 014 3 330 3 442 3 748 3 930 4 334 4 303 4 466
1 396 1 496 1 614 1 880 2 115 2 305 2 395 2 342 2 657
–876
–909
–877 –1 163 –1 273 –1 503 –1 461 –1 448 –1 391
38 917 42 854 45 534 47 723 49 814 52 775 56 224 58 478 59 941
1 203
1 291
199
13 419
2 038
3 562
6 757
3 369
4 788
3 173
10 636
3 847
3 602
4 906
2 992
–1 730
64 053
1 311
1 159
185
13 054
1 944
3 756
7 128
3 248
4 740
3 103
11 174
4 243
3 710
5 165
3 388
–1 892
65 416
1 265
1 125
212
12 253
1 532
4 035
7 324
3 688
4 915
3 134
11 772
4 345
4 089
5 389
3 417
–2 278
66 217
11
Gross Value Added1,2 by industry groups, current basic prices by region 1989-2000
£million
continued
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
19973
19983
19993
20003
Northern Ireland
Agriculture, hunting, forestry & fishing
Mining and quarrying of energy producing materials
Other mining and quarrying
Manufacturing
Electricity, gas and water supply
Construction
Wholesale and retail trade (including motor trade)
Hotels and restaurants
Transport, storage and communication
Financial intermediation
Real estate, renting and business activities
Public administration and defence4
Education
Health and social work
Other services
FISIM4
Total
DDMK
DDML
DDMM
DDMN
DDMO
DDMP
DDMQ
DDMR
DDMS
DDMT
DDMU
DDMV
DDMW
DDMX
DDMY
DDMZ
TMQI
519
479
518
620
568
629
803
784
742
612
583
372
8
11
10
11
11
15
16
12
12
11
12
13
69
64
56
50
58
57
65
65
79
81
87
88
1 945 2 153 2 256 2 402 2 537 2 724 2 882 3 114 3 201 3 382 3 583 3 841
283
308
392
367
414
427
352
472
458
377
417
406
596
621
598
609
640
715
784
847
954
960 1 140 1 300
968 1 077 1 151 1 196 1 266 1 390 1 541 1 668 1 930 2 013 2 227 2 320
210
234
247
278
309
307
398
391
410
474
491
541
523
528
570
599
608
692
749
759
856
942
995 1 041
206
230
261
333
447
554
537
515
520
538
520
551
871
917
996 1 057 1 234 1 348 1 497 1 636 1 885 2 145 2 410 2 640
1 525 1 642 1 801 1 916 2 012 1 977 1 972 1 932 1 951 1 969 1 960 1 932
659
685
821
922
965
990 1 084 1 110 1 270 1 384 1 284 1 395
879
989 1 114 1 137 1 234 1 383 1 438 1 440 1 471 1 554 1 603 1 669
297
325
330
378
440
509
527
562
642
696
721
761
–139
–156
–143
–193
–203
–268
–261
–252
–246
–289
–310
–381
9 417 10 109 10 978 11 680 12 539 13 450 14 386 15 053 16 135 16 850 17 725 18 488
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
19973
19983
19993
20003
UK excluding Extra-Regio
DDNA
9 180 9 547 9 468 9 918 10 544 10 618 11 767 11 736 10 146 9 628 9 478 8 802
Agriculture, hunting, forestry & fishing
3 009 3 393 3 923 3 648 2 707 2 548 2 694 2 607 2 541 2 425 2 272 2 310
Mining and quarrying of energy producing materials DDNB
Other mining and quarrying
DDNC
1 303 1 236 1 068 1 211 1 162 1 247 1 443 1 599 1 694 1 649 1 715 1 813
Manufacturing
DDND 111 642 116 423 113 323 115 894 120 986 130 769 139 788 146 078 152 299 153 412 152 402 153 671
DDNE 11 518 11 626 14 527 14 929 16 270 16 158 15 587 16 280 16 141 15 960 15 968 15 731
Electricity, gas and water supply
Construction
DDNF 33 352 34 723 32 084 30 020 29 166 31 216 33 005 34 587 36 879 39 097 41 516 44 047
Wholesale and retail trade (including motor trade) DDNG 52 521 56 983 61 011 64 596 68 326 71 537 74 612 79 667 86 747 93 503 99 144 102 332
Hotels and restaurants
DDNH 12 161 13 650 14 221 15 009 15 738 16 854 18 253 20 138 22 383 24 331 26 099 28 297
DDNI 38 687 41 681 43 731 45 108 46 409 49 572 51 340 53 474 57 412 62 230 65 096 68 842
Transport, storage and communication
Financial intermediation
DDNJ 26 943 29 707 29 494 35 188 39 290 42 358 40 089 40 913 40 584 45 313 43 189 45 785
DDNK 73 842 84 216 90 824 95 940 102 714 110 496 119 053 128 776 143 286 163 277 178 318 193 963
Real estate, renting and business activities
4
DDNL 29 154 32 551 35 109 37 914 39 046 38 648 38 746 38 812 38 739 38 819 38 480 39 871
Public administration and defence
Education
DDNM 22 522 24 670 28 182 29 909 31 429 32 770 34 208 36 540 38 802 41 355 45 418 49 163
Health and social work
DDNN 25 987 29 239 32 268 34 328 37 107 39 495 42 052 44 566 46 892 49 570 52 783 56 495
Other services
DDNO 17 031 19 138 20 048 22 053 23 537 25 634 27 246 29 969 33 743 37 261 40 209 42 731
4
DDNP –16 816 –17 651 –15 301 –19 086 –19 569 –23 119 –23 215 –22 580 –22 396 –27 998 –30 121 –37 949
FISIM
Total
TMPV 452 038 491 133 513 980 536 578 564 862 596 800 626 667 663 162 705 893 749 831 781 966 815 904
See footnotes on first page of table.
59
12
Workplace based Gross Value Added1,2 (GVA) at current basic prices by region
1989 to 2001
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
19973
19983
19993
20003
20013
Total GVA (£ million)
United Kingdom
ABML
461 522 501 438 523 935 546 434 575 461 608 740 639 908 679 620 720 692 762 363 796 273 838 065 874 227
North East
North West
Yorkshire & the Humber
TMPW
TMPX
TMPY
17 277
49 443
35 170
18 440
53 285
38 202
19 570
55 894
40 213
20 659
58 057
41 448
21 721
61 077
43 427
22 347
64 666
45 346
23 268
66 808
47 739
24 215
69 759
50 808
24 851
73 723
53 941
25 460
77 033
56 077
25 527
81 492
57 672
26 829
84 158
59 539
27 475
86 922
61 574
East Midlands
West Midlands
TMPZ
TMQA
30 362
38 152
32 658
41 518
34 167
42 987
35 543
45 039
37 341
47 318
39 394
50 154
41 403
53 037
44 648
55 661
48 048
58 852
50 197
62 229
51 635
63 800
53 699
66 847
55 078
68 458
East of England
London
South East
South West
DGPH
DGPI
DGPJ
TMQE
37 414
81 396
60 959
34 411
41 140
87 861
67 231
37 376
43 955
90 922
69 388
38 759
45 874 48 231 52 018 54 188 57 227 61 689 65 848 67 589 71 712 75 680
95 013 100 040 105 286 108 327 116 321 126 062 137 650 145 499 154 465 163 099
72 623 77 300 81 863 87 384 92 941 99 814 108 341 116 681 121 488 127 728
40 622 42 712 44 868 47 721 50 673 54 262 56 611 58 422 60 513 64 469
England
Wales
Scotland
Northern Ireland
TMQF
TMQG
TMQH
TMQI
384 584 417 712 435 855 454 879 479 166 505 943 529 875 562 254 601 242 639 446 668 318 699 249 730 482
19 119 20 459 21 614 22 296 23 343 24 632 26 182 27 377 28 575 29 481 30 507 31 950 33 052
38 917 42 854 45 534 47 723 49 814 52 775 56 224 58 478 59 941 64 053 65 416 66 217 68 762
9 417 10 109 10 978 11 680 12 539 13 450 14 386 15 053 16 135 16 850 17 725 18 488 19 094
United Kingdom less Extra-Regio4
& statistical discrepancy
TMPV
452 038 491 133 513 980 536 578 564 862 596 800 626 667 663 162 705 893 749 831 781 966 815 904 851 390
Extra-Regio4
DDQZ
9 484
10 303
9 957
9 855
10 599
11 942
13 241
16 459
14 800
12 536
14 307
22 161
22 456
Statistical discrepancy
(income adjusted)
DDRA
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
382
DDAB
8 086
8 761
9 122
9 493
9 978
10 532
11 047
11 709
12 390
13 075
13 616
14 291
14 852
North East
North West
Yorkshire & the Humber
TMQK
TMQL
TMQM
6 691
7 245
7 159
7 135
7 802
7 763
7 565
8 168
8 147
7 979
8 494
8 376
8 391
8 934
8 765
8 655
9 477
9 146
9 043
9 812
9 632
9 442
10 279
10 256
9 731
10 892
10 896
10 006
11 392
11 329
10 084
12 094
11 659
10 635
12 492
12 029
10 918
12 913
12 396
East Midlands
West Midlands
TMQN
TMQO
7 636
7 318
8 179
7 956
8 517
8 220
8 808
8 599
9 212
9 020
9 678
9 557
10 126
10 092
10 878
10 581
11 674
11 187
12 168
11 815
12 460
12 117
12 917
12 709
13 192
12 997
East of England
London
South East
South West
DGPL
DGPM
DGPN
TMQS
7 379
12 056
8 054
7 395
8 086
12 923
8 848
8 007
8 583
13 313
9 095
8 267
8 922
13 926
9 486
8 622
9 362
14 644
10 076
9 031
10 048
15 384
10 616
9 439
10 410
15 792
11 255
9 988
10 929
16 855
11 908
10 580
11 706
18 197
12 704
11 260
12 411
19 752
13 729
11 689
12 654
20 664
14 668
11 988
13 342
21 742
15 220
12 327
14 028
22 690
15 952
13 066
TMQT
TMQU
TMQV
TMQW
8 088
6 696
7 664
5 921
8 757
7 150
8 434
6 335
9 104
7 523
8 957
6 830
9 481
7 750
9 384
7 195
9 970
8 101
9 782
7 667
10 504
8 538
10 344
8 183
10 973
9 074
11 016
8 723
11 616
9 483
11 484
9 058
12 391
9 889
11 792
9 654
13 142
10 191
12 616
10 043
13 685
10 543
12 898
10 557
14 271
11 017
13 079
10 985
14 853
11 385
13 578
11 303
United Kingdom less Extra-Regio4 TMQJ
7 920
8 581
8 948
9 322
9 794
10 326
10 818
11 425
12 136
12 860
13 371
13 913
14 470
DDAF
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
North East
North West
Yorkshire & the Humber
DDBE
DDBF
DDBG
84.5
91.5
90.4
83.2
90.9
90.5
84.5
91.3
91.0
85.6
91.1
89.9
85.7
91.2
89.5
83.8
91.8
88.6
83.6
90.7
89.0
82.6
90.0
89.8
80.2
89.8
89.8
77.8
88.6
88.1
75.4
90.4
87.2
76.4
89.8
86.5
75.5
89.2
85.7
East Midlands
West Midlands
DDBH
DDBI
96.4
92.4
95.3
92.7
95.2
91.9
94.5
92.3
94.1
92.1
93.7
92.6
93.6
93.3
95.2
92.6
96.2
92.2
94.6
91.9
93.2
90.6
92.8
91.3
91.2
89.8
East of England
London
South East
South West
DGPO
DGPP
DGPQ
DDBM
93.2
152.2
101.7
93.4
94.2
150.6
103.1
93.3
95.9
148.8
101.6
92.4
95.7
149.4
101.8
92.5
95.6
149.5
102.9
92.2
97.3
149.0
102.8
91.4
96.2
146.0
104.0
92.3
95.7
147.5
104.2
92.6
96.5
149.9
104.7
92.8
96.5
153.6
106.8
90.9
94.6
154.5
109.7
89.7
95.9
156.3
109.4
88.6
96.9
156.8
110.2
90.3
DDBN
DDBO
DDBP
DDBQ
102.1
84.5
96.8
74.8
102.1
83.3
98.3
73.8
101.7
84.1
100.1
76.3
101.7
83.1
100.7
77.2
101.8
82.7
99.9
78.3
101.7
82.7
100.2
79.2
101.4
83.9
101.8
80.6
101.7
83.0
100.5
79.3
102.1
81.5
97.2
79.6
102.2
79.2
98.1
78.1
102.3
78.8
96.5
79.0
102.6
79.2
94.0
79.0
102.6
78.7
93.8
78.1
GVA per head (£)
United Kingdom
England
Wales
Scotland
Northern Ireland
GVA per head;Indices
(UK less Extra-Regio=100)
United Kingdom
England
Wales
Scotland
Northern Ireland
1 Estimates of workplace based GVA allocate incomes to the region in which
commuters work.
2 Components may not sum to totals as a result of rounding.
3 Provisional
4 The GVA for Extra-Regio comprises compensation of employees and gross
operating surplus which cannot be assigned to regions
60
Annex A Revisions
1
Gross Value Added (GVA) at current basic prices by region November 2002 Publication to August 2003 Publication
November 2002 Publication
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
461 522
501 438
523 935
546 434
575 461
608 740
639 908
679 620
720 692
762 363
796 273
North East
North West
Yorkshire & the Humber
17 282
47 235
34 770
18 541
51 170
37 657
19 618
54 012
39 731
20 668
55 950
41 165
21 655
58 748
43 698
22 349
61 965
45 368
23 424
64 084
47 600
24 316
67 445
50 835
24 969
71 587
53 475
25 656
75 598
55 261
25 494
79 186
57 457
East Midlands
West Midlands
28 918
42 676
31 302
45 949
33 068
47 105
34 053
49 402
36 093
51 821
37 409
55 712
39 318
59 288
42 333
62 316
45 301
65 741
47 824
69 107
49 475
70 476
East of England
London
South East
South West
43
73
65
33
137
003
371
921
47
78
71
36
212
888
951
996
49
81
74
38
291
160
817
209
51
85
77
39
523
811
745
855
53
91
82
41
783
097
319
817
56
96
87
44
960
580
342
128
59
100
91
46
867
181
931
715
63
105
99
49
305
158
173
553
68
113
107
53
424
585
065
064
72
124
115
55
964
385
348
420
75
130
125
56
343
824
203
549
England
Wales
Scotland
Northern Ireland
386
19
36
9
312
558
840
328
419
20
40
9
665
873
621
974
437
22
44
10
011
139
019
812
456
22
45
11
173
925
959
521
481
23
47
12
030
864
585
383
507
25
50
13
812
473
237
278
532
27
52
14
407
224
855
181
564
28
55
14
433
575
223
931
603
29
56
16
212
520
454
707
641
30
60
17
563
805
326
133
670
31
62
17
006
628
864
466
United Kingdom less Extra-Regio
& statistical discrepancy
452 038
491 133
513 981
536 579
564 862
596 800
626 667
663 162
705 892
749 826
781 966
9 484
10 303
9 957
9 855
10 599
11 942
13 241
16 459
14 800
12 536
14 307
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
- 110
1 895
185
- 210
1 778
282
- 140
1 576
258
- 106
1 697
- 12
- 45
1 843
- 179
- 128
2 294
- 378
- 241
2 313
- 247
- 229
1 972
- 190
- 461
1 954
138
- 814
880
- 361
- 845
3 168
-1 025
East Midlands
West Midlands
1 292
-4 768
1 191
-4 636
960
-4 313
1 339
-4 605
1 361
-4 950
1 774
-5 925
1 884
-6 519
2 170
-6 727
2 563
-7 140
514
-7 806
1 218
-7 912
East of England
London
South East
South West
730
- 993
183
262
643
- 828
139
159
541
- 150
120
363
690
- 318
- 12
500
635
- 178
19
588
765
- 671
210
709
692
- 942
208
848
596
- 963
425
1 191
640
- 904
- 137
1 216
878
548
3 825
1 199
277
-1 680
3 672
2 646
-1 325
- 491
1 775
38
-1 480
- 477
1 859
95
- 787
- 561
1 215
132
- 827
- 717
1 409
137
- 907
- 722
1 489
140
-1 350
- 892
2 108
131
-2 004
-1 129
2 973
159
-1 756
-1 262
2 852
165
-2 132
-1 034
2 990
177
-1 138
-2 671
3 146
667
United Kingdom less Extra-Regio
& statistical discrepancy
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Extra-Regio
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Statistical discrepancy
(income adjusted)
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
13
25
10
11
23
13
14
34
12
7
18
9
3
93
- 408
16
- 54
2
- 20
- 44
- 31
10
- 75
- 243
245
- 182
- 118
505
111
671
764
-1 354
824
East Midlands
West Midlands
2
- 6
1
- 6
7
0
0
- 4
- 298
164
19
46
- 31
- 57
- 88
- 250
- 47
- 21
1 668
582
748
948
East of England
London
South East
South West
- 25
11
- 83
13
- 39
14
- 55
7
- 34
9
- 55
7
- 26
0
- 43
10
- 180
- 281
277
77
- 38
116
143
- 204
- 2
- 21
328
- 78
109
964
27
- 335
180
930
29
- 275
81
- 686
-2 832
- 358
272
1 483
-2 973
-1 169
- 40
- 31
36
36
- 32
- 31
43
21
- 5
- 39
26
18
- 30
- 8
33
3
- 553
89
467
- 4
46
- 81
29
6
45
- 41
- 16
12
120
- 80
45
- 86
741
- 42
96
- 796
- 258
1 218
68
-1 028
- 456
459
974
- 977
United Kingdom less Extra-Regio
& statistical discrepancy
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Extra-Regio
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Statistical discrepancy
(income adjusted)
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
Total GVA (£million)
United Kingdom
Extra-Regio
Statistical discrepancy
(income adjusted)
Corrections to ABI/2 data
Total GVA (£million)
United Kingdom
North East
North West
Yorkshire & the Humber
England
Wales
Scotland
Northern Ireland
Quality assurance of data inputs and processes
1989
Total GVA (£million)
United Kingdom
North East
North West
Yorkshire & the Humber
England
Wales
Scotland
Northern Ireland
-1
1
1
481
722
051
153
61
Annex A Revisions
1
Gross Value Added (GVA) at current basic prices by region November 2002 Publication to August 2003 Publication
Revised population estimates
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
North East
North West
Yorkshire & the Humber
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
East Midlands
West Midlands
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
East of England
London
South East
South West
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
England
Wales
Scotland
Northern Ireland
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
United Kingdom less Extra-Regio
& statistical discrepancy
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Extra-Regio
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Statistical discrepancy
(income adjusted)
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
North East
North West
Yorkshire & the Humber
91
294
224
94
316
242
80
286
219
98
374
287
99
390
307
114
458
378
112
444
404
106
408
410
99
380
404
120
476
492
135
553
507
East Midlands
West Midlands
151
223
156
230
134
200
164
253
173
270
211
323
225
322
216
304
199
279
220
352
243
390
157
-1 904
161
209
168
-2 014
173
220
152
-1 788
173
190
210
-2 308
252
232
243
-2 462
307
225
325
-3 002
393
254
356
-3 102
425
251
359
-3 052
434
254
355
-2 986
438
266
421
-3 713
548
363
462
-4 113
580
432
- 393
86
292
16
- 416
90
309
17
- 356
79
262
15
- 439
101
318
20
- 449
107
319
23
- 546
131
383
31
- 563
134
393
37
- 561
130
388
43
- 565
122
392
51
- 722
145
503
74
- 811
162
561
88
United Kingdom less Extra-Regio
& statistical discrepancy
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Extra-Regio
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Statistical discrepancy
(income adjusted)
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
Moving average based trend headline series
1989
Total GVA (£million)
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
- 44
- 15
160
202
296
64
- 12
- 312
- 294
- 155
39
38
- 312
- 120
- 131
51
- 503
188
- 46
90
244
- 240
156
- 200
- 89
- 69
- 399
31
633
37
361
- 717
- 58
- 9
231
119
23
- 100
44
- 24
- 235
- 42
- 23
134
89
398
- 234
- 56
- 47
- 464
45
- 124
- 95
60
200
37
- 900
219
- 88
- 32
- 405
- 514
- 101
172
514
155
209
- 297
207
538
- 98
287
71
- 8
55
- 47
- 410
115
357
61
193
484
- 104
358
695
- 205
- 28
- 462
492
695
- 531
- 417
- 263
550
- 26
1 209
610
-1 607
281
- 409
14
421
- 15
- 348
182
117
175
375
- 213
- 246
12
14
- 28
- 122
34
- 222
19
90
31
- 27
79
185
- 34
1
-
086
161
773
116
433
- 146
- 429
129
- 781
- 74
896
- 82
326
222
- 758
67
339
125
- 518
- 65
11
126
- 72
- 103
- 81
203
36
- 14
- 41
- 143
- 119
- 11
- 126
72
103
81
- 203
- 36
14
41
143
119
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
Total GVA (£million)
United Kingdom
New FISIM methodology
Total GVA (£million)
United Kingdom
East of England
London
South East
South West
England
Wales
Scotland
Northern Ireland
United Kingdom
North East
North West
Yorkshire & the Humber
East Midlands
West Midlands
East of England
London
South East
South West
England
Wales
Scotland
Northern Ireland
United Kingdom less Extra-Regio
& statistical discrepancy
Extra-Regio
Statistical discrepancy
(income adjusted)
62
Annex A Revisions
1
Gross Value Added (GVA) at current basic prices by region November 2002 Publication to August 2003 Publication
Final residence-based headline dataset
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
461 522
501 438
523 935
546 434
575 461
608 740
639 908
679 620
720 692
762 363
796 273
North East
North West
Yorkshire & the Humber
17 232
49 434
35 349
18 639
53 583
38 258
19 560
55 596
39 925
20 511
58 078
41 486
21 399
60 954
43 288
22 402
64 159
45 558
23 229
66 887
47 970
23 963
69 905
50 612
24 762
73 670
53 501
25 497
77 698
56 099
25 910
80 836
57 706
East Midlands
West Midlands
30 355
38 355
32 769
41 560
34 069
43 035
35 532
44 812
37 287
47 282
39 547
50 245
41 793
52 800
44 575
55 596
47 552
58 904
50 102
62 140
51 743
64 103
East of England
London
South East
South West
44
69
65
34
035
218
851
316
47
75
71
37
952
655
694
281
50
79
75
38
122
745
209
977
52
83
78
40
100
393
480
498
54
88
82
42
768
248
914
762
57
92
88
45
964
613
204
245
60
96
93
47
974
310
376
632
64
102
99
50
726
802
855
635
69
111
108
53
137
117
091
740
73
120
117
56
927
271
440
598
77
127
124
58
562
124
875
739
England
Wales
Scotland
Northern Ireland
384
19
39
9
145
136
363
405
417
20
42
10
391
636
949
283
436
21
45
10
238
405
276
990
454
22
47
11
890
273
597
715
478
23
49
12
900
357
949
574
505
24
52
13
937
710
943
412
530
26
55
14
971
028
431
273
562
27
58
15
669
217
079
182
600
28
60
16
474
492
828
057
639
29
63
16
772
718
285
913
668
30
64
17
598
652
932
665
United Kingdom less Extra-Regio
& statistical discrepancy
452 049
491 259
513 909
536 475
564 781
597 002
626 703
663 148
705 851
749 688
781 847
9 473
10 177
10 028
9 958
10 681
11 740
13 206
16 473
14 842
12 679
14 426
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
Total GVA (£million)
United Kingdom
Extra-Regio
Statistical discrepancy
(income adjusted)
1 Components may not sum to totals as a result of rounding.
63
Annex B Revisions
1
Gross Value Added (GVA) at current basic prices by region February 2001 Publication to August 2003 Publication
February 2001 dataset
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
Total GVA (£million)
United Kingdom2
461 925
501 473
523 137
545 487
573 377
605 720
635 498
674 029
715 127
755 297
786 198
North East
North West
Yorkshire & the Humber
17 156
49 365
34 848
18 271
53 260
37 863
19 365
55 775
39 872
20 383
57 803
40 977
21 480
60 664
42 952
22 074
63 938
44 752
22 975
66 007
47 108
23 755
68 937
50 043
24 202
72 414
53 182
25 294
75 275
55 457
25 875
77 562
57 554
East Midlands
West Midlands
30 439
37 956
32 708
41 344
34 131
42 716
35 368
44 610
37 124
46 859
39 023
49 577
40 976
52 407
44 184
54 851
47 261
57 783
49 413
61 130
50 906
63 495
East of England
London
South East
South West
45
68
66
34
885
907
979
118
49
74
73
37
652
933
254
160
50
78
75
38
968
641
730
584
53
82
78
40
852
409
939
507
55
86
83
42
928
574
817
529
59
91
88
44
824
118
936
607
62
93
93
47
416
843
319
385
66
99
100
50
484
490
614
128
72
108
108
53
698
559
276
580
77
118
116
56
962
499
024
064
81
122
121
58
793
816
956
151
England
Wales
Scotland
Northern Ireland
385
19
38
9
653
007
448
329
418
20
42
10
445
376
458
013
435
21
45
10
784
533
103
890
454
22
47
11
848
129
183
611
477
23
49
12
927
191
302
437
503
24
52
13
851
463
273
344
526
25
55
14
437
989
667
297
558
27
57
14
483
017
338
936
597
28
58
15
956
010
650
952
635
29
62
16
117
541
153
501
660
30
64
17
108
689
050
003
United Kingdom less Extra-Regio
& statistical discrepancy
452 437
491 291
513 308
535 772
562 857
593 931
622 389
657 775
700 567
743 314
771 849
9 488
10 182
9 829
9 715
10 520
11 789
13 109
16 254
14 560
11 983
14 350
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
Correction to treatment of profits in London, the East of England and the South East
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
Total GVA (£million)
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
Extra-Regio
Statistical discrepancy
(income adjusted)
United Kingdom
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
North East
North West
Yorkshire & the Humber
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
East Midlands
West Midlands
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
-1 286
3 201
-1 916
0
-1 259
2 904
-1 644
0
- 895
2 138
-1 244
0
-1 438
2 972
-1 535
0
-1 636
3 699
-2 063
0
-2 240
4 782
-2 544
0
-2 112
4 694
-2 584
0
-2 328
4 627
-2 301
0
-2 499
4 893
-2 393
0
-2 386
5 427
-3 042
0
-2 146
5 149
-3 003
0
England
Wales
Scotland
Northern Ireland
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
United Kingdom less Extra-Regio
& statistical discrepancy
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Extra-Regio
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Statistical discrepancy
(income adjusted)
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
- 403
- 37
801
947
2 084
3 021
4 410
5 594
5 565
6 023
8 825
- 10
- 41
3
- 7
- 46
0
25
54
54
56
76
112
90
224
168
92
414
255
153
521
328
190
536
376
248
467
452
220
608
426
296
1 064
697
- 1
16
- 6
13
55
91
95
153
197
216
236
331
282
409
228
373
344
542
205
337
563
535
61
- 350
26
- 14
96
- 32
71
- 18
160
86
176
37
110
98
97
- 9
206
339
248
87
298
283
371
183
448
682
642
238
502
1 379
922
324
550
729
990
435
720
1 210
988
411
1 258
1 460
1 613
679
England
Wales
Scotland
Northern Ireland
- 310
- 45
- 60
41
71
- 55
- 180
32
739
- 23
- 61
40
787
40
- 44
44
1 774
54
109
89
2 464
116
195
113
3 704
145
314
136
4 830
168
298
116
4 757
262
147
178
5 126
233
20
108
8 165
395
336
189
United Kingdom less Extra-Regio
& statistical discrepancy
- 374
- 131
696
827
2 026
2 888
4 299
5 412
5 343
5 487
9 085
- 29
95
105
121
58
133
111
182
222
536
- 260
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
East of England
London
South East
South West
Blue Book 2001 national controls
Total GVA (£million)
United Kingdom
North East
North West
Yorkshire & the Humber
East Midlands
West Midlands
East of England
London
South East
South West
Extra-Regio
Statistical discrepancy
(income adjusted)
64
Annex B Revisions
1
Gross Value Added (GVA) at current basic prices by region February 2001 Publication to August 2003 Publication
Blue Book 2002 national controls
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1 048
1 249
North East
North West
Yorkshire & the Humber
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
- 164
- 177
- 130
- 124
- 9
- 61
- 788
1 866
- 823
East Midlands
West Midlands
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
- 158
- 152
- 99
- 73
344
-1 161
East of England
London
South East
South West
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
- 154
402
- 99
- 142
- 57
751
96
- 39
-3
2
3
-1
England
Wales
Scotland
Northern Ireland
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
- 774
- 25
238
543
386
9
294
344
547
- 374
851
8
United Kingdom less Extra-Regio
& statistical discrepancy
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
- 19
1 032
1 032
Extra-Regio
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
19
17
217
Statistical discrepancy
(income adjusted)
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
Change to ABI/2 data for manufacturing profits
1989
Total GVA (£million)
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
North East
North West
Yorkshire & the Humber
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
- 230
- 454
- 608
- 302
373
-1 060
East Midlands
West Midlands
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
- 851
- 475
- 407
- 816
East of England
London
South East
South West
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
81
739
1 915
15
- 432
929
2 197
368
England
Wales
Scotland
Northern Ireland
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
132
- 756
279
345
850
- 639
- 773
563
United Kingdom less Extra-Regio
& statistical discrepancy
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Extra-Regio
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Statistical discrepancy
(income adjusted)
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
North East
North West
Yorkshire & the Humber
47
- 165
126
83
- 240
98
108
- 197
93
136
- 201
89
46
- 200
8
73
- 149
2
- 70
- 440
- 204
145
- 144
9
366
300
- 118
150
702
- 211
215
- 442
- 48
East Midlands
West Midlands
- 208
- 63
- 193
- 42
- 135
- 4
- 56
43
- 142
- 26
- 31
- 59
- 237
- 275
35
112
299
137
588
224
99
38
East of England
London
South East
South West
- 781
314
171
162
- 708
334
231
79
- 475
209
83
16
- 375
75
50
- 83
- 286
58
478
- 73
- 223
- 155
782
- 92
238
- 895
2 561
- 238
- 631
- 325
314
24
-1 386
- 258
- 36
59
-2 692
- 52
1 354
- 270
-1 005
208
1 164
- 259
- 397
93
271
33
- 357
64
260
34
- 302
49
235
18
- 322
56
272
- 6
- 135
13
135
- 12
148
- 43
- 58
- 46
441
- 131
- 205
- 104
- 462
33
425
4
- 637
178
474
- 15
- 208
- 349
507
50
- 29
- 47
- 18
94
United Kingdom less Extra-Regio
& statistical discrepancy
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Extra-Regio
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Statistical discrepancy
(income adjusted)
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
Total GVA (£million)
United Kingdom
United Kingdom
880
962
277
251
Revisions to Labour Market data
Total GVA (£million)
United Kingdom
England
Wales
Scotland
Northern Ireland
65
Annex B Revisions
1
Gross Value Added (GVA) at current basic prices by region February 2001 Publication to August 2003 Publication
Revised population estimates
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
North East
North West
Yorkshire & the Humber
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
East Midlands
West Midlands
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
East of England
London
South East
South West
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
England
Wales
Scotland
Northern Ireland
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
United Kingdom less Extra-Regio
& statistical discrepancy
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Extra-Regio
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Statistical discrepancy
(income adjusted)
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
North East
North West
Yorkshire & the Humber
91
294
224
94
316
242
80
286
219
98
374
287
99
390
307
114
458
378
112
444
404
106
408
410
99
380
404
120
476
492
135
553
507
East Midlands
West Midlands
151
223
156
230
134
200
164
253
173
270
211
323
225
322
216
304
199
279
220
352
243
390
157
-1 904
161
209
168
-2 014
173
220
152
-1 788
173
190
210
-2 308
252
232
243
-2 462
307
225
325
-3 002
393
254
356
-3 102
425
251
359
-3 052
434
254
355
-2 986
438
266
421
-3 713
548
363
462
-4 113
580
432
- 393
86
292
16
- 416
90
309
17
- 356
79
262
15
- 439
101
318
20
- 449
107
319
23
- 546
131
383
31
- 563
134
393
37
- 561
130
388
43
- 565
122
392
51
- 722
145
503
74
- 811
162
561
88
United Kingdom less Extra-Regio
& statistical discrepancy
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Extra-Regio
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Statistical discrepancy
(income adjusted)
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
Moving average based trend headline series
1989
Total GVA (£million)
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
- 44
- 15
160
202
296
64
- 12
- 312
- 294
- 155
39
38
- 312
- 120
- 131
51
- 503
188
- 46
90
244
- 240
156
- 200
- 89
- 69
- 399
31
633
37
361
- 717
- 58
- 9
231
119
23
- 100
44
- 24
- 235
- 42
- 23
134
89
398
- 234
- 56
- 47
- 464
45
- 124
- 95
60
200
37
- 900
219
- 88
- 32
- 405
- 514
- 101
172
514
155
209
- 297
207
538
- 98
287
71
- 8
55
- 47
- 410
115
357
61
193
484
- 104
358
695
- 205
- 28
- 462
492
695
- 531
- 417
- 263
550
- 26
1 209
610
-1 607
281
- 409
14
421
- 15
- 348
182
117
175
375
- 213
- 246
12
14
- 28
- 122
34
- 222
19
90
31
- 27
79
185
- 34
1
-
086
161
773
116
433
- 146
- 429
129
- 781
- 74
896
- 82
326
222
- 758
67
339
125
- 518
- 65
Total GVA (£million)
United Kingdom
New FISIM methodology
Total GVA (£million)
United Kingdom
East of England
London
South East
South West
England
Wales
Scotland
Northern Ireland
United Kingdom
North East
North West
Yorkshire & the Humber
East Midlands
West Midlands
East of England
London
South East
South West
England
Wales
Scotland
Northern Ireland
United Kingdom less Extra-Regio
& statistical discrepancy
Extra-Regio
Statistical discrepancy
(income adjusted)
66
11
126
- 72
- 103
- 81
203
36
- 14
- 41
- 143
- 119
- 11
- 126
72
103
81
- 203
- 36
14
41
143
119
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
Annex B Revisions
1
Gross Value Added (GVA) at current basic prices by region February 2001 Publication to August 2003 Publication
Other revisions due to quality assurance
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
North East
North West
Yorkshire & the Humber
- 10
- 3
- 12
- 5
- 4
- 10
- 7
- 10
- 18
- 6
- 13
- 16
- 4
- 3
- 17
- 3
1
- 17
105
265
90
7
13
- 26
101
354
110
38
466
568
117
577
936
East Midlands
West Midlands
- 17
- 8
- 15
- 8
- 16
- 11
- 15
- 13
- 23
- 15
- 26
- 17
150
172
- 31
2
71
269
750
740
- 64
1 422
East of England
London
South East
South West
- 37
- 49
210
- 70
35
- 64
123
- 57
40
- 56
136
- 58
39
- 61
139
- 51
26
- 33
135
- 61
28
- 3
150
- 65
- 435
894
-1 471
100
- 17
- 12
77
- 66
35
- 714
221
72
294
-2 327
- 994
80
303
-2 897
-1 301
338
England
Wales
Scotland
Northern Ireland
4
- 19
- 8
0
- 4
- 20
- 14
12
- 1
- 20
- 15
13
3
- 25
- 10
13
6
- 28
- 5
6
49
- 36
- 35
4
- 130
52
35
24
- 54
16
60
- 46
519
20
32
- 569
- 386
674
286
- 575
- 569
340
444
- 215
United Kingdom less Extra-Regio
& statistical discrepancy
- 25
- 27
- 23
- 20
- 21
- 20
- 22
- 24
0
0
0
25
27
23
20
21
20
22
24
0
0
0
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
461 522
501 438
523 935
546 434
575 461
608 740
639 908
679 620
720 692
762 363
796 273
North East
North West
Yorkshire & the Humber
17 232
49 434
35 349
18 639
53 583
38 258
19 560
55 596
39 925
20 511
58 078
41 486
21 399
60 954
43 288
22 402
64 159
45 558
23 229
66 887
47 970
23 963
69 905
50 612
24 762
73 670
53 501
25 497
77 698
56 099
25 910
80 836
57 706
East Midlands
West Midlands
30 355
38 355
32 769
41 560
34 069
43 035
35 532
44 812
37 287
47 282
39 547
50 245
41 793
52 800
44 575
55 596
47 552
58 904
50 102
62 140
51 743
64 103
East of England
London
South East
South West
44
69
65
34
035
218
851
316
47
75
71
37
952
655
694
281
50
79
75
38
122
745
209
977
52
83
78
40
100
393
480
498
54
88
82
42
768
248
914
762
57
92
88
45
964
613
204
245
60
96
93
47
974
310
376
632
64
102
99
50
726
802
855
635
69
111
108
53
137
117
091
740
73
120
117
56
927
271
440
598
77
127
124
58
562
124
875
739
England
Wales
Scotland
Northern Ireland
384
19
39
9
145
136
363
405
417
20
42
10
391
636
949
283
436
21
45
10
238
405
276
990
454
22
47
11
890
273
597
715
478
23
49
12
900
357
949
574
505
24
52
13
937
710
943
412
530
26
55
14
971
028
431
273
562
27
58
15
669
217
079
182
600
28
60
16
474
492
828
057
639
29
63
16
772
718
285
913
668
30
64
17
598
652
932
665
United Kingdom less Extra-Regio
& statistical discrepancy
452 049
491 259
513 909
536 475
564 781
597 002
626 703
663 148
705 851
749 688
781 847
9 473
10 177
10 028
9 958
10 681
11 740
13 206
16 473
14 842
12 679
14 426
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
Total GVA (£million)
United Kingdom
Extra-Regio
Statistical discrepancy
(income adjusted)
Final residence-based headline dataset
Total GVA (£million)
United Kingdom
Extra-Regio
Statistical discrepancy
(income adjusted)
1 Components may not sum to totals as a result of rounding.
2 Figure for 1999 excludes statistical discrepancy.
65
Annex C – Background notes
European System of Accounts 1995 (ESA95)
Some areas appear at more than one level, for example, Northern
Ireland appears at NUTS levels 1 and 2.
1. The estimates of GVA published in this article are consistent
with the European System of Accounts 1995 (ESA95). ESA95
5. The GVA estimates relate to the nine Government Office Regions
is based on the System of National Accounts 1993 (SNA93)5
of England, as well as totals for Scotland, Wales and Northern
which was sponsored by all major international organisations
Ireland. These form level 1 of the NUTS geography described
and is being adopted world-wide. The European system, which is
above.
being adopted by European Union Member States, is consistent
with SNA93 but is more specific and prescriptive in certain parts.
6. Revised estimates of GDP for geographies below NUTS1 have
Introducing the European System of Accounts 19956, National
not been published by the ONS since 1999. Estimates of local
Accounts Concepts, Sources and Methods (1998), and Regional
area GVA for 1995 to 2001, giving figures for the UK broken
Accounts Methods give more detail of the changed system of
down into the 37 NUTS2 and 133 NUTS3 areas, are due to
accounts, and the particular effects on the UK.
be published in October 2003 in the form of an ONS News
7
8
Release.
Regional GVA at basic prices
Regional GVA – concepts and definitions
2. The regional GVA estimates presented in this article are
consistent with the national accounts published in the United
7. In this article GVA is measured as the sum of incomes earned
Kingdom National Accounts 2002 (The Blue Book), which also
from the production of goods and services in the region.
defines the terms used. Regional GVA estimates for 2002,
Insufficient information is available to estimate GVA for all regions
consistent with the 2003 edition of the Blue Book, will be
of the UK using either the production or expenditure approaches.
published in 2004.
Estimates of GDP for Scotland only, based on the production
approach, and measured in terms of constant (real) prices are
3. Under ESA95, the term GVA is used to denote estimates that
published quarterly by the Scottish Executive. An article detailing
were previously known as Gross Domestic Product (GDP) at
the methodologies used in given in the 2001 edition of Scottish
basic prices. Under ESA95 the term GDP denotes GVA plus
Economic Statistics.9
taxes (less subsidies) on products, i.e. at market prices. Regional
accounts are currently only published at basic prices, so the
8. As described above, the estimates of regional GVA in this article
figures are now referred to as GVA rather than GDP as in previous
are calculated as the sum of incomes earned from productive
publications.
activity in the region. The income (referred to CoE under ESA95)
of commuters should therefore be included in the region where
Geography
they work. Historically, however, the estimates of regional GVA
have not been compiled on this basis; but have instead been
4. The Nomenclature of Units for Territorial Statistics (NUTS)
compiled using regional estimates of CoE on a residence basis,
provides a single uniform breakdown for the production of
because this was the basis of the most reliable data source
regional statistics for the European Union. There are five levels
(the one per cent sample of Inland Revenue national insurance
of NUTS in the UK, although GVA estimates are only published
records). This has a significant effect on the estimates for London,
for the first three. These are:
the South East and the East of England regions, but is assumed
not to introduce any significant distortion of the other regions.
NUTS1: Government Office Regions and Scotland, Wales
and Northern Ireland.
NUTS2: 37 areas – sometimes referred to as sub-regions.
NUTS3: 133 areas – generally groups of unitary authorities
or districts, also known as local areas.
68
Estimates of GVA on a residence basis are given in Tables 1 to
8 of this article.
9. Figures allocating the CoE to employees’ workplace (the preferred
components of income and by industry are currently only available
GVA approach) are also included in this article, in Table 4. The
on a residence basis. However, workplace based estimates are
workplace-based CoE figures for London, the South East and
also provided in Table 4. The residence and workplace estimates
the East of England are based on regional data from the STES
are different from each other only in the regions of London, the
and NES. There is, however, no industry breakdown currently
South East and the East of England. For all other regions it has
available on a workplace basis.
previously been determined from the Census of Population that
net commuting between regions is not significant.
10. Unless otherwise stated, all references in this article to regional
GVA refer to residence-based figures.
Methodological changes
General
16. All the items in regional accounts are measured in current prices,
which means that increases over time reflect inflation as well as
11. Sampling and non-sampling errors in the raw data sources used
real growth. Trends in total GVA per head of population cannot
for regional accounts at a regional level give rise to volatility in
be analysed easily without deflating the data. However, there are
the regional GVA data. The regional GVA series headlined in
no regional price indices that could be used to remove the effect
this publication have been calculated using a five point moving
of inflation from the figures. Comparisons of trends can therefore
average. These adjusted series remove some year to year
be based either on the difference between regional increases
volatility in the unadjusted series.
at current prices or on movements in the amount relative to the
UK average. Both approaches would be misleading if the rate of
12. The underlying raw regional GVA estimates were produced using
inflation in any region were different from the national average.
the same methodology as previous estimates – with the exception
of a change to the methodology for calculating FISIM.
17. In the regional accounts it is usual to look at changes per head
relative to the UK average over time. However, this obscures
13. The methodology used to produce the raw regional GVA
the effect of changes in population size. In areas where the
estimates was published in the December 2000 edition of
population is increasing most rapidly, growth in total GVA would
Economic Trends. Previously, FISIM was allocated to the
be expected to grow relatively strongly; conversely, areas with
regions using numbers of people employed in the Financial
a low or negative population growth would be expected to grow
Intermediation sector. The methodology has now been
more slowly.
10
changed so that the allocation is based on wages and salaries
in the Financial Intermediation sector. This makes the FISIM
18. 1989 to 2001 regional GVA per head figures will feed into the
methodology consistent with the allocation of other components
regional growth baselines calculated for the regional economic
of Financial Intermediation.
performance PSA target, jointly shared by DTI, HMT and ODPM.
However, the regional GVA figures do not take account of the
Extra-Regio
impact of price inflation at either the national or regional level.
Due to this, the growth rates in this current price GVA per head
14. The contribution to GVA of UK embassies abroad and UK
series will not necessarily be comparable with any forthcoming
forces stationed overseas is included in Extra-Regio, along
regional growth baselines that will be set for this PSA target. The
with the element of GVA relating to activities taking place on
latter will be adjusted by statisticians in the DTI to take account
the continental shelf. As these cannot be assigned to specific
of the impact of inflation at the regional level.
regions they are assigned as ‘Extra-Regio GVA’.
19. The tables in this article contain minor corrections to the GVA per
Treatment of commuting in regional GVA estimates
head and GVA per head indices for England for 1989 and 1990
published on 14 August 2003. England GVA totals were correct
15. Regional GVA can be calculated both on a residence and a
but incorrect England population totals were used to calculate
workplace basis. Residence-based GVA allocates the incomes of
the per head figures. The corresponding figures for the NUTS1
commuters to where they live, whereas workplace GVA allocates
regions within England and the other UK NUTS1 regions were
their incomes to where they work. The GVA estimates presented
calculated correctly.
here are on a residence basis, and the breakdown of the totals by
69
Accuracy
References
20. Although calculated as reliably as possible, estimates of regional
1. Office for National Statistics (2002) United Kingdom National
GVA will not be as reliable as those for national GVA.
Accounts – The Blue Book 2002. TSO: London.
2. Office for the Official Publications of the European Communities
21. The regional GVA estimates are partly based on sample surveys
and the quality of the results therefore varies according to sample
size. This means that the results for smaller regions are subject to
a greater degree of uncertainty than those for larger regions.
(1996). European System of Accounts (1995). Luxembourg.
3. Clifton-Fearnside A (2001) Regional Accounts 1999: Part 1.
Economic Trends No. 568, pp 67–81.
4. Office for National Statistics (2001) UK National Accounts -–The
Blue Book 2001. The Stationery Office: London.
22. This article contains only a summary of the information
5. United Nations, Organisation for Economic Co-operation and
available. A more detailed breakdown of manufacturing, and
Development, International Monetary Fund, European Union
total regional CoE information are available on request from
(1993). System of National Accounts 1993.
the Customer Contact Centre, Office for National Statistics,
6. Office for National Statistics (1998) Introducing the European
Room D115, Government Buildings, Cardiff Road, Newport
System of Accounts 1995. The Stationery Office: London.
NP10 8XG, tel: 0845 601 3034, fax: 01633 652747, e-mail:
7. Office for National Statistics (1998) National Accounts Concepts,
[email protected]
Sources and Methods. The Stationery Office: London.
8. Office for the Official Publications of the European Communities
23. Details of the policy governing the release of new data are
available from the ONS Press Office, tel 020 7533 5725.
(1995). Regional Accounts Methods. Luxembourg.
9. Rigg J (2001). The interpretation of the Quarterly GDP for
Scotland series. Scottish Economic Statistics 2001 TSO:
24. National Statistics are produced to high professional standards
set out in the National Statistics Code of Practice. They undergo
10. Lacey D (2000) UK Regional Gross Domestic Product (GDP):
regular quality assurance reviews to ensure that they meet
Methodological Guide, Economic Trends No. 565, pp 74–80.
customer needs. They are produced free from any political
interference.
70
Edinburgh.
Annex D – Glossary of abbreviations
ABI/1
ABI/2
ACOP
CoE
FISIM
GDP
GOS
GVA
NES
NUTS
ONS
STES
– Annual Business Inquiry 1 – business survey of numbers of people employed
– Annual Business Inquiry 2 – business survey of accounting data
– Annual Census of Production
– Compensation of Employees
– Financial Intermediation Services Indirectly Measured
– Gross Domestic Product
– Gross Operating Surplus
– Gross Value Added
– New Earnings Survey
– Nomenclature of Units for Territorial Statistics
– Office for National Statistics
– Short - Term Employment Survey
71