Pedagogical Best Practices
Joanne Deitsch
OMDE 610 Section 9040
27-November-2013
Introduction

 Background
 Learning Theory Overview
 Description
 Online Implications
 Pedagogy
 Evolutionary Trends
 Best Practices
 Conclusion
Background

(Leonard, Noh, & Orey, 2012)
Behaviorism

 “Behaviorist learning theory focuses on that which is
observable: how people behave and especially how
to change or elicit particular behaviors” (Harasim,
2011, p. 31)
 “Behaviorist strategies can be used to teach the facts
(what)” (Ally, 2008, p. 39)
(Microsoft, 2013c)
Behaviorist Pedagogy
Online (Ally, 2008)

(Roberts, 2011)
(Microsoft, 2013b)
(Microsoft, 2013c)
(Microsoft, 2013a)
Cognitivism

 “the key difference between behaviorist and
cognitivist theories of learning was the importance
accorded to what goes on between the stimulus or
input and the resultant behavior. Cognitivists were
interested in modeling the mental structures and
processes that operated in the mind in order to
explain behavior” (Harasim, 2011, p. 47)
“cognitivist strategies, the principles and
processes (how)” (Ally, 2008, p. 39)
(Microsoft, 2013c)
Cognitivist Pedagogy
Online (Ally, 2008)

(Microsoft, 2013c)
Constructivism

 “Constructivist theory posits that people construct
their own understanding and knowledge of the
world through experiencing the world, and
reflecting on those experiences…This process is one
of asking questions, exploring, engaging in dialogue
with others and reassessing what we know”
(Harasim, 2011, p. 60)
 “constructivist strategies to teach the reallife and personal applications and
contextual learning” (Ally, 2008, p. 39)
(HCG, 2012)
Constructivist Pedagogy
(Ally, 2008)

(Alpha
Construction, 2013)
(HCG, 2012)
(Wilcox, 2013)
(Tritschler, n.d.)
(Oschatz & Wolf, 2002)
Online Collaborative
Learning (OCL)

 “Online Collaborative Learning (OCL) is proposed
here as a new theory of learning that focuses on
collaborative learning, knowledge building, and
Internet use as a means to reshape formal, nonformal
and informal education for the Knowledge Age”
(Harasim, 2011, p. 81)
 “facilitate knowledge building”
(Harasim, 2011, p. 81)
(HCG, 2012)
OCL Pedagogy

(Harasim, 2011)
(HCG, 2012)
OCL Informal Learning

(Harasim, 2011)
(HCG, 2012)
Evolutionary Trends

Expert knowledge resides
within the instructor
(Microsoft, 2013c)
(HCG, 2012)
(Delta T, n.d.)
Responsibility for
learning resides with
the learner
Best Practice Discussion

(Kilens, 2011)
Best Practice [1 of 4]

 Online teaching and learning benefit most when
pedagogy takes priority over technology (Caplan &
Graham, 2008; Kanuka, 2008)
(Business Quest, 2012)
Best Practice [2 of 4]

 Choose the best-fit pedagogy for the learning
situation (Ally, 2008), industry environment and
institutional goals
(Microsoft, 2013c)
(HCG, 2012)
(Delta T, n.d.)
Best Practice [3 of 4]

 Encourage learner’s to take more responsibility for
learning
(Microsoft, 2013c)
(HCG, 2012)
(Delta T, n.d.)
Responsibility for
learning resides with
the learner
Best Practice [4 of 4]

 Acknowledge the power of informal learning and,
hopefully, include in strategic plans for learning
(Cross, 2008)
Conclusion [1 of 4]

 Background
 Behaviorism
 Cognitivism
(Microsoft, 2013c)
 Constructivism
 OCL
(HCG, 2012)
Conclusion [2 of 4]

 Background
 Evolutionary Trends
Expert knowledge resides
within the instructor
(Microsoft, 2013c)
(HCG, 2012)
(Delta T, n.d.)
Responsibility for
learning resides with
the learner
Conclusion [3 of 3]

 Best Practice 1: Online teaching and learning benefit
most when pedagogy takes priority over technology
 Best Practice 2: Choose the best-fit pedagogy for the
learning situation, industry environment and
institutional goals
Conclusion [4 of 4]

 Best Practice 3: Encourage learner’s to take more
responsibility for learning
 Best Practice 4: Acknowledge the power of informal
learning and, hopefully, include in strategic plans for
learning
References [1 of 7]

Ally, M. (2008). Foundations of educational theory for online learning. In T.
Anderson (Ed.), The theory and practice of online learning (2nd Ed.) pp. 15-49.
Athabasca, CA:Athabasca University Press. Retrieved from
http://www.aupress.ca/books/120146/ebook/99Z_Anderson_2008Theory_and_Practice_of_Online_Learning.pdf
Alpha Construction. (2013). Home [Image]. Retrieved from
http://alphaconstructionoc.com/
American Society for Training & Development (ASTD). (2013, January 23).
New research: Informal learning recognized by organizations, not yet adopted as a
component of learning & development [Blog Post]. Retrieved from
http://www.astd.org/Publications/Blogs/ASTD-Blog/2013/01/Informal-Learning
References [2 of 7]

Business Quest. (2012). Articles [Image]. Retrieved from
http://www.westga.edu/~bquest/2001/pedagogy1.htm
Caplan, D. & Graham, R. (2008). The development of online courses. In T.
Anderson. & F. Elloumi (Eds.), Theory and practice of online learning (Second
Edition) pp. 245-264. Retrieved July 29, 2008, from
http://cde.athabascau.ca/online_book/second_edition.html
Cross, J. (2008, July 12). What is informal learning? [Image]. Retrieved from
http://www.informl.com/2008/07/12/what-is-informal-learning-2/
References [3 of 7]

Delta T. (n.d.). Duct and pipe heaters [Image]. Retrieved from
http://www.deltat.com/duct_heaters.html
Harasim, L. (2011). Learning Theory and Online Technologies. Routledge, Taylor
& Francis Group.
HCG. (2012, January 10). HCG diet to lose weight [Image]. Retrieved from
http://www.hcgdiettoloseweight.com/227/hcg-dieters-group-%E2%80%93-getideas-from-others-experiences/
References [4 of 7]

 Kanuka, H. (2008). Understanding e-learning technologies in practice
through philosophies in practice. In T. Anderson (Ed.), The theory and
practice of online learning (2nd Ed.) pp. 91-120. Athabasca, CA:Athabasca
University Press. Retrieved from
http://www.aupress.ca/books/120146/ebook/99Z_Anderson_2008Theory_and_Practice_of_Online_Learning.pdf
 Kilens, M. (2011, July 26). 5 homepage design best practices [Image].
http://academy.hubspot.com/blog/bid/109553/
 Leonard, K., Noh, E. K., & Orey, M. (2012). Introduction to emerging
perspectives on learning, teaching, and technology [Image]. Retrieved from
http://epltt.coe.uga.edu/index.php?title=Introduction_to_Emerging_Pers
pectives_on_Learning,_Teaching,_and_Technology
References [5 of 7]

Microsoft. (2013a). Close-up of a test paper that has a grade of an A+ [Image].
Used with permission from Microsoft. Retrieved from
http://office.microsoft.com/enus/images/results.aspx?qu=grade&ex=1#ai:MP900399542|
Microsoft. (2013b). Pencil laying on top of a shaded test form [Image]. Used with
permission from Microsoft. Retrieved from http://office.microsoft.com/enus/images/results.aspx?qu=test&ex=1&AxInstalled=copy&Download=MP900385
588&ext=JPG&c=0#ai:MP900402266|
Microsoft. (2013c). Podium [Image]. Used with permission from Microsoft.
Retrieved from http://office.microsoft.com/enus/images/results.aspx?qu=podium&ex=1&AxInstalled=copy&Download=MP90
0385588&ext=JPG&c=0#ai:MP900385588|mt:2|
References [6 of 7]

Oschatz, S., Wolf, M. (2002). Developing interactive irritainment-spaces with
vvvv [Image]. Retrieved from
http://netzspannung.org/cat/servlet/CatServlet?cmd=netzkollektor&subCommand
=showEntry&entryId=79453&lang=en
Roberts, Z. (2011, March 14). Learning outcomes update [Image]. Retrieved from
http://tbselt.blogspot.com/2011/03/learning-outcomes-update.html
Siemens, G. (2004). Connectivism: a learning theory for the digital age.
Retrieved from http://www.elearnspace.org/Articles/connectivism.htm
References [7 of 7]

Tritschler, C. (n.d.). Recapping the real world: Storylines to watch [Image].
Retrieved from http://snotap.blogspot.com/2013/04/recapping-real-worldstorylines-to-watch.html
Wilcox, H. (2013, May 23). Wikis and collaborative learning [Image]. Retrieved
from http://haydenwilcox.edublogs.org/2013/05/23/wikis-and-collaborativelearning/