Artificial Stupidity
Paul Taylor 2010
Artificial Intelligence
Artificial
• Fake!
Intelligence
Latin: intelligere:- ‘to understand’
There are two general meanings derived from
this, one by the APA, and a second by a group
of intelligence researchers
APA
“Individuals differ from one another in their
ability to understand complex ideas, to adapt
effectively to the environment, to learn from
experience, to engage in various forms of
reasoning, to overcome obstacles by taking
thought.”
Source: Intelligence: Knowns and Unknowns,
1996, AP, February
Mainstream Science on Intelligence
“A very general mental capability that, among other
things, involves the ability to reason, plan, solve
problems, think abstractly, comprehend complex
ideas, learn quickly and learn from experience.
It is not merely book learning, a narrow academic
skill, or test-taking smarts.
Rather, it reflects a broader and deeper capability
for comprehending our surroundings—"catching
on", "making sense" of things, or "figuring out"
what to do”
Source: Wall Street Journal, December, 1994
What is the essence of these
statements?
APA: “Individuals differ from one another in their ability to understand
complex ideas, to adapt effectively to the environment, to learn
from experience, to engage in various forms of reasoning, to
overcome obstacles by taking thought.”
Int Sci: “A very general mental capability that, among other things,
involves the ability to reason, plan, solve problems, think abstractly,
comprehend complex ideas, learn quickly and learn from
experience.
It is not merely book learning, a narrow academic skill, or test-taking
smarts.
Rather, it reflects a broader and deeper capability for comprehending
our surroundings—"catching on", "making sense" of things, or
"figuring out" what to do”
The Difference Engine
• 1822, Charles Babbage
• It was a Polynomial Calculator
• See LBP version
http://www.meccano.us/difference_engines/rde_1/DEFront.jpg
1837 The Analytical Engine
• Effectively would have been a mechanical
computer
• Babbage worked on it till he died in 1871
• Work was abandoned in 1878
1950 The Turing Test
1990 The Loebner Prize
Symbolic Languages
Neat and Scruffy AI
Expert Systems
Genetic Algorithms
Neural Networks (Connectionism)
The Problem: Snails
• A Snail has only 3 neurons!!!
http://idle.slashdot.org/story/10/06/01/13242
20/Snails-On-Methamphetamine
The CYC Project
• This is a project designed to capture the
commonsense of humanity, ambitious:YES
• It currently contains x00,000’s of terms and
millions of assertions.
• The founder, Doug Lenat predicts that the
project will need around 100 million
assertions before it can begin ‘reading’
literature.
Video Game AI
Steve Rabin (Game AI) provides 2 definitions:
“Game AI is any technique that contributes to the
perceived intelligence of an entity, regardless of what’s
under the hood.”
“Techniques that generate artefacts that would normally
be created by the game developers (like
environment/layout, story, music, or
models/animations/textures).”
Video Game AI
When was the first AI introduced to gaming?
Video Game AI
When was the first AI introduced to gaming?
It all depends on your classification of AI
Space Invaders responded to the player input...
Hardcore vs Casual
Tony Ventrice of Playdom
http://www.gamasutra.com/view/feature/614
3/evolving_the_social_game_finding_.php
6 factors of Hardcore games
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Difficult controls
Overwhelming options
Prerequisite knowledge
Abstract memorization
Unclear goals
Unclear solutions
http://www.gtagaming.com/images/gtaiv/controls/ps3_vehicle.jpg
Difficult Controls
Welcome GTA IV
Convoluted
Controls
Weird inexplicit
timing
http://www.therimofhell.com/wpcontent/uploads/2008/05/zombie-games.jpg
Overwhelming Options
• Master of Orion 2
http://www.spacesector.com
/blog/wpcontent/uploads/2009/08/rac
es_custom.jpg
http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_vXr_LG9qVWI/S8NVQ83QnI/AAAAAAAACUk/Yy9cZu2Eha0/s400/383577_5.jpg
Prerequisite Gaming Knowledge
• What happens when you pick up a new
weapon?
• Why does the block you keep destroying
reappear?
• Why doesn’t the door open?
• What do you do with the key you found?
• Press ‘c’ to crouch
Abstract Memorization
• This refers to anything that is not obvious or
intuitive to any person.
‘The Unreal link gun heals your vehicles’
‘The stamina bar runs out when you run lots’
http://www.mailorderexpress.com/shop/prdpi
cs/140971.jpg
http://static.howstuffworks.com/gif/gps-system-wrong-direction-2.jpg
Unclear Goals
• Figuring out what to do is a task for the
hardcore gamer
• Casual gamers would rather know what they
are expected to do next
• Implied goals are not good enough for casual
gamers (13 / 26 Gems Collected)
http://games.adultswim.com/robot-unicornattack-twitchy-online-game.html
http://www.far-q-designs.com/images/P/mensblackdyslexic.jpg
Unclear Solutions
• The Rubik's Cube
- The Goal is clear
- The solution is ?????
• Sam n Max has many unclear solutions
• Hints can be used to help guide greener
players
http://www.mouser.org/log/images/2007/pep
pered_beef.jpg
6 factors of Casual Games
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Challenge
Trial and Error
Strategy
Theme
Repetition
Depth / Graduated objectives
Challenge
Trial and Error
Strategy
Theme
Repetition
Depth / Graduated Objectives
Warstory:- Silverlight MMO
http://warstory.bigpoint.com/en
Inception.... The Game :-s
• http://www.gamasutra.com/view/news/3054
5/Inception_Director_Nolan_Looking_At_Spin
off_Video_Game.php
The End